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International production, trade and investments are increasingly organised within so-called global value chains (GVCs) where the different stages of the production process are located across different countries. Globalisation motivates companies to restructure their operations internationally through outsourcing and offshoring of activities. Firms
try to optimise their production processes by locating the various stages across different sites. The past decades have witnessed a strong trend towards the international dispersion of value chain activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution, etc. This emergence of GVCs challenges conventional wisdom on how we look at economic globalisation and in particular, the policies that we develop around it. Papers and policy notes
Policy implicationsThe OECD provides a broad range of work to help policy makers understand the effects of GVCs on a number of different topics: Trade in Value-Added The goods and services we buy are composed of inputs from various countries around the world. However, the flows of goods and services within these global production chains are not always reflected in conventional measures of international trade. The joint OECD – WTO Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) initiative addresses this issue by considering the value added by each country in the production of goods and services that are consumed worldwide. TiVA indicators are designed to better inform policy makers by providing new insights into the commercial relations between nations. Trade policy and GVCs Global value chains have become a dominant feature of world trade, encompassing developing, emerging, and developed economies. The whole process of producing goods, from raw materials to finished products, is increasingly carried out wherever the necessary skills and materials are available at competitive cost and quality. Similarly, trade in services is essential for the efficient functioning of GVCs, not only because services link activities across countries but also because they help companies to increase the value of their products. This fragmentation highlights the importance of an ambitious complementary policy agenda to leverage engagement in GVCs into more inclusive growth and employment and the OECD is currently undertaking comprehensive statistical and analytical work that aims to shed light on the scale, nature and consequences of international production sharing. Initiative on GVCs, production transformation and development This OECD initiative is a platform for policy dialogue and knowledge sharing between OECD and non-OECD countries. It aims at improving evidence and identifying policy guidelines to promote development by fostering participation and upgrading in global value chains. What are three important considerations for any supply chain manager dealing with a global supply chain?The three major elements of supply chain management are demand, materials, and resource capacity. The goal of SCM is to increase the cash flow speed by synchronizing business processes based on constraints.
What are three of the six operational objectives associated with a global supply chain?To achieve operational integration and collaboration within a global supply chain, six operational objectives should be addressed: responsiveness, variance reduction, inventory reduction, shipment consolidation, quality, and life-cycle support.
Which of the following is not a reason that the interest in services supply chains is growing?Which of the following is NOT a reason that the interest in supply chains is growing? Demand for products is decreasing.
What are the five supply chain operation process categories?The Top-level of this model has five different processes which are also known as components of Supply Chain Management – Plan, Source, Make, Deliver and Return.
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