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Essentials of Understanding Psychology Robert Feldman McGraw-Hill, 11th Edition, 2014 Terms in this set (43)Social Psychology The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others. Attitudes Evaluations of people, objects, ideas, and behavior. What factors are involved in how easy it is to change attitudes? Message source, characteristics of the message, and characteristics of the target. Central Route Processing The type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade. Peripheral Route Processing The type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors. Cognitive Dissonance The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions). Social Cognition The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves. Schemas Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences. Central Traits The major traits considered in forming impressions of others. Attribution Theory The theory that considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person's behavior, what the specific causes of that behavior. Situational Causes (of behavior) Causes of behavior that are external to a person.
Dispositional Causes (of behavior) Perceived causes of behavior brought about by a person's traits or personality characteristics. Halo Effect A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics. Assumed-Similarity Bias The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time. Self-Serving Bias The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself. Fundamental Attribution Error A tendency to overattribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes. Social Influence The process by which social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally. Group Two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent. Conformity A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people. Status The social standing of someone in a group. Social Supporter A group Member whose dissenting views make nonconformity to the group easier. Groupthink A type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view. Compliance Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressures. Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology The branch of psychology focusing on work- and job-related issues, including worker motivation, satisfaction, safety, and productivity. Obedience A change in behavior in response to the commands of others. Stereotype A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members. Prejudice A negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members. Discrimination Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group. Social Neuroscience The subfield of social psychology that seeks to identify the neurological basis of social behavior. Implicit Association Test (IAT) An ingenious measure of prejudice that permits a more accurate assessment of people's discrimination between members of different groups. Interpersonal Attraction (or close relationship) Positive feelings for others; liking and loving. Reciprocity-of-Liking Effect A tendency to like those like us. Passionate (or romantic) Love A state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another. Companionate Love The strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved. According to Sternberg, love consists of what three parts? Decision/commitment, intimacy, and passion. What does Sternberg say about the components of love? The three components combine to produce the different types of love. Aggression The intentional injury of, or harm to, another person. Catharsis The process of discharging built-up aggressive energy. Frustration
The reaction to the thwarting or blocking of goals. Aggressive Cues Stimuli that have been associated in the past with actual aggression or violence and that will trigger aggression again. Prosocial Behavior Helping behavior. Diffusion of responsibility The belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present. Altruism Behavior meant to help another person without regard for self-interest. Recommended textbook solutions A Concise Introduction to Logic13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley 1,967 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Psychology: Principles in Practice1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus 1,024 solutions Understanding Psychology, Student Edition1st EditionRichard A. Kasschau 820 solutions Sets with similar termsPsychology Ch.17 - Social Psychology35 terms bokxchoy Psychology Chapter 1735 terms kfpugs829 Chapter 1437 terms jfigu007 Chapter 17: Social Psych46 terms devon_torrey Sets found in the same folderEssentials of Understanding Psychology: Chapter 1238 terms cmays003 Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders40 terms streetb20 Intro to Psych. Chapter 193 terms Carolyn_R Intro to Psychology32 terms JLackey-SVHS Other sets by this creatorIntro to Psych. Chapter 1338 terms Carolyn_R Intro to Psych. Chapter 1244 terms Carolyn_R Intro to Psych. Chapter 1129 terms Carolyn_R Intro to Psych. Chapter 1049 terms Carolyn_R Verified questions
PSYCHOLOGY Create a questionnaire for teens to help them determine when drinking alcohol becomes a problem. Verified answer
QUESTION Which of the following is the best example of sensory interaction? a. Finding that despite its delicious aroma, a weird-looking meal tastes awful. b. Finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold. c. Finding it difficult to maintain your balance when you have an ear infection. d. Finding that the cold pool water doesn’t feel so cold after a while. e. All of these are examples. Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY An individual is having trouble with cognitive tasks related to learning and memory. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely to be involved with the problem? a. Acetylcholine. b. Dopamine. c. Serotonin. d. The endorphins. e. GABA. Verified answer QUESTION Heritability relates to the a. percentage of a person's intelligence that is due to environment influences. b. percentage of a person's intelligence that is due to environment genetics. c. correlation of intelligence test scores among family members. d. extent to which variability among individuals intelligence scores con be attributed to genetic variation. e. genetic stability of intelligence over time. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsChapter 1159 terms jsgree9553 Chapter 1730 terms lunalovegudd ch 17 social psychology33 terms a_d186 Ch. 13 Social Psychology33 terms Auburnabbey18 Related questionsQUESTION Dottie has the illusory belief that a correlation exists between washing her car and the occurrence of rain in her area. According to research, Dottie is much more likely now to notice when 6 answers QUESTION What is the example about self-esteem and achievement in regards to correlational research? 2 answers QUESTION What causes the fundamental attribution error? 15 answers QUESTION Jim watches a heavy dose of violent TV cop shows. According to research presented in the text, what is one likely outcome of this behavior? Jim will 15 answers What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes quizlet?Cognitive Dissonance. the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts ( referred to as cognitions)
Is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts?Cognitive dissonance: What to know. Cognitive dissonance is a theory in social psychology. It refers to the mental conflict that occurs when a person's behaviors and beliefs do not align. It may also happen when a person holds two beliefs that contradict one another.
When a person holds two contradictory attitudes at the same time this is called?Cognitive Dissonance. The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions).
What is cognitive dissonance in simple terms?Cognitive dissonance is a theory in social psychology first proposed by Leon Festinger. According to this theory, cognitive dissonance describes the discomfort experienced when two cognitions are incompatible with each other. A cognition is a piece of knowledge, such as a: thought. attitude.
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What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes?
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