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AbstractInformed consent is the most essential part of research ethics. The requirement to explain an experiment to the participants who provide tissues/information in order to obtain their voluntary consent is absolutely necessary in any research project. It is an expression of respect regarding the autonomy of the person who participates in the experiment. Why and how is informed consent required and what if some information is intentionally withheld to facilitate the participation? This paper will briefly review the history of informed consent, discuss the components of an ethically valid informed consent and examine deception in research. Sometimes, deception is used in Social, Behavioral and Educational Research (SBER) in order to obtain accuracy information. Can this be justified? There is no doubt that, for some psychological and sociological experiments, the less the subjects know the better. The Bystander Apathy Experiment and the Milgram Experiment will be used here as examples that are discussed and analyzed. In general, deception is not acceptable in human studies. Occasionally, it is necessary to mislead the participants who are subjects of a study in order to obtain unbiased information. The Institute Review Board (IRB) must review very carefully the proposals that use deception or misrepresentation. The reasons that deception is necessary for the study purpose need to be justified in depth and there must be provision in the procedures to protect the participants. When the study is completed, it is essential that a debriefing by the investigator is provided that explains any deception or incomplete disclosure involved; this should also help the subjects to deal with any distress or discomfort experienced in the research. KeywordsAutonomy Debriefing Deception Informed consent Cited by (0)Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.
What is the importance of describing the participants of the study in a research?This is included as a subsection of the “Methods” section, usually called “Participants” or “Participant Characteristics.” The purpose is to give readers information on the number and type of study participants, as a way of clarifying to whom the study findings apply and shedding light on the generalizability of the ...
When the reasons for a research study are not fully disclosed to the research participants this is known as a form of?Incomplete Disclosure is a type of deception that involves withholding some information about the real purpose of the study, or the nature of the research procedures[3].
How can participant bias affect the outcome of a study?Therefore, participation bias can lead to a sample that is not representative of the population which is being studied and hence affect the results and conclusions drawn from the study.
How do you avoid participant errors?How to Reduce, Avoid, or Correct Participant Bias. To reduce acquiescence bias, the researcher should analyze the questions and adjust anyone that may appear as a favorable answer. ... . To reduce social desirability bias, researchers should make the participants anonymous and assure the participants of confidentiality.. |
Why is it important for participants to be unaware of what the research study is about before participating in the study?
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