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Terms in this set (40)
Colin has a black belt in martial arts. Watching him practice it is clear that he knows how to manipulate his body. According to Gardner, Colin is high in _____ skills.
bodily-kinesthetic
ADHD is a disability in which children consistently, over time, show any or all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
intellectual disabilities.
If intelligence is assumed to be normally distributed, which of the following would you expect to find in the overall population?
More people of moderate intelligence than of high or low intelligence
A whole-language approach:
emphasizes listening to stories, and writing, as the way to build to reading.
_____ is a severe developmental disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships; abnormalities in communication; and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
Autistic disorder
Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2011-2012 school year?
students with a learning disability
Recent studies have identified all of the following as potential contributors to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder EXCEPT:
a)high levels of
maternal stress.
b)exposure to tobacco smoke or alcohol.
c)low birth weight.
d)diets high in fiber and protein
diets high in fiber and protein
Piaget's third stage of cognitive development emphasizes a child's ability to reason logically and to mentally reverse actions by using the term _____, while also emphasizing that the child can only apply this reasoning to specific, often physical examples by using the term _____.
operational; concrete
The Wechsler intelligence test provides an overall IQ score along with all of the following subscores EXCEPT:
metacognition index.
working memory index.
verbal comprehension index.
processing speed index.
metacognition index
Who among the following would have good spatial abilities?
architect
When Mary started third grade, her teacher asked students to write something about themselves. Mary wrote, "I'm a good person." This observation reflects Mary's:
self-esteem
Which of the following statements about peer groups and peer interactions in middle and late childhood is TRUE?
The
size of the peer group decreases with the age of the child.
Children under 12 years of age prefer mixed-sex peer groups to same-sex peer groups.
As children move through middle and late childhood, peer interactions are more closely supervised by adults.
Children in middle and late childhood spend approximately 30% of their time with peers.
Children in middle and late childhood spend approximately 30% of their time with peers.
Pham, a fifth grader, just gave a report in front of the class. After his report some of the students made fun of him. Although in the past Pham would have been upset and shown his anger, this time he did not react to his classmates. Pham is exhibiting a(n):
ability to suppress negative emotional reactions.
Kohlberg believed that development from one moral stage to the next was prompted by opportunities for perspective taking and:
the conflict between an individual's current stage and the challenge posed by reasoning from someone at a higher level.
All of the following are true regarding social conventional and moral reasoning EXCEPT:
moral rules are obligatory and somewhat impersonal.
there are sanctions for violating social conventional rules.
social conventional rules
are arbitrary and can be changed by consensus.
violating social conventional rules are usually more serious than violating moral rules.
...
In a national survey of more than 15,000 sixth- through tenth-grade students, nearly _____ students had experienced occasional or frequent bullying as either a victim or a perpetrator.
one of every three
Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping is FALSE?
Until about seven to eight years of age, gender stereotyping is extensive.
Across the elementary school years, children become more flexible in their gender attitudes.
Gender stereotypes still exist for both children and adults.
Girls' gender stereotypes are more rigid than boys' gender stereotypes.
Girls' gender stereotypes are more rigid than boys' gender stereotypes.
At the "Meet Your Teacher" day before the school year started, Harish met Ms. Keppel. She asked, "So Harish, tell me something about you." He responded, "I was the best in my class last year, and picked for the All-Star Regional Soccer Team. I can accomplish anything I want to do." Harish is revealing his:
self-concept.
self-esteem.
self-control.
self-efficacy.
...
Darren is a 12-year-old active boy. Sometimes when his friend Simon cheats in a game, he tends to get irritated. However, Darren controls his anger and tries explaining to Simon why it is bad practice to cheat. Darren is displaying his:
self-regulation
Christopher has been diagnosed with conduct problems. He has trouble focusing and paying attention, and once he gets confused he gets angry and frustrated. It's best when he's angry to let him sit in the hallway, outside of the classroom, because it's hard for him to regain composure. Based on those characteristics, it is likely Christopher's probable sociometric status is _____.
rejected
Terrence has always had trouble with basic math skills. He's embarrassed that for his age he still has trouble counting, adding, and subtracting. When his teacher tries to help he usually just guesses at answers. His teacher is concerned that Terrence is dealing with _____.
dyscalculia
On average, African-American schoolchildren in the United States score _____ IQ points lower on standardized intelligence tests than non-Latino white American schoolchildren do. That gap _____ in college.
10 to 15; narrows
Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?
Leukemia
Maria enjoys cake decorating and making treats for weddings. For her it is great fun to learn about the couple and their interests, and then design a one-of-a-kind cake with decorations. Sometimes Maria has her staff actually put the pieces together—for her the fun is in the design. According to Sternberg, she has high _____ intelligence.
creative
According to the fuzzy trace theory, the _____ consists of the precise details of the information.
verbatim memory trace
Research indicates that it is likely that all of the following are true of learning disabilities except that they:
reside in a single, specific brain location
Eight-year-old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of construction paper, something she could not do at age three. What BEST accounts for her improving dexterity?
Increased myelination of the central nervous system
ADHD occurs _____ more frequently in boys than in girls.
4-9 times
Which of the following is a strategy for improving children's memory skills?
Embed memory-relevant language when instructing children.
While cancer rates have _____ in recent years, children with cancer are:
While cancer rates have _____ in recent years, children with cancer are:
Consistently praising children for mediocre or even poor performance can lead to _____, which may cause children with _____ self-esteem to avoid important learning experiences.
an inflated self-esteem; low
Which of the following techniques will parents tend NOT to use to discipline elementary school children?
coercive holding
According to Pomerantz, differences in academic achievement between students in the United States and China is primarily a function of:
parental involvment
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called:
self efficacy
In one analysis, _____ of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems, compared with _____ in intact, never-divorced families.
25%;10%
Conrad is in a hurry to get home, driving well over the speed limit on a section of road where he seldom sees any law enforcement vehicles. After turning on a busier road where law enforcement patrol often sits, Conrad slows down because he is worried about getting a ticket. According to Kohlberg, Conrad is operating in the _____ stage.
heteronomous morality
Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that:
girls engage in more prosocial behavior.
Which of the following statements about self-regulation is FALSE?
It is linked to developmental advances in the brain's prefrontal cortex.
It is characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior.
Correct!
It is characterized by an impulsiveness to perform challenging tasks.
It leads to increased social competence and achievement.
It is characterized by an impulsiveness to perform challenging tasks.
When Mason's father was pulled over by law enforcement for not stopping at a red light, the officer said, "We cannot have people ignoring the traffic signs and signals. Our community couldn't function or protect its citizens if that happened." Kohlberg would say the officer is thinking in the _____ stage.
social systems morality
In terms of cross-cultural comparisons, Asian parents believe that their children's math achievement was due to _____, and U.S. parents believe their children's math achievement is due to:
effort and training; innate ability.
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