Chapter 2 Cognitive Transitions Show
Chapter Outline I. Changes in Cognition A. Thinking about possibilities B. Thinking about abstract concepts C. Thinking about Thinking D. Thinking in Multiple Dimensions E. Adolescent Relativism II. Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Thinking A. The Piagetian View of Adolescent Thinking 1. The growth of formal-operational thinking 1. The scientific study of adolescence: Separating competence and performance in studies of adolescent reasoning B. The Information-Processing (I-P) View of Adolescent Thinking 1. Changes in information-processing abilities during adolescence C. New Directions for Theories about Adolescent Thinking III. Individual Differences in Intelligence in Adolescence A. Measuring Intelligence 1. The IQ test 2. Sternberg�s Triarchic Theory 3. Gardner�s Theory of Multiple Intelligences B. Intelligence: Test Performance in Adolescence 1. The SAT The sexes: Are there differences in mental abilities at adolescence (anymore)? C. Culture and Intelligence IV. Adolescent Thinking in Context A. Changes in Social Cognition 1. Impression formation 2. Social perspective taking 3. Conceptions of morality and social convention B. Adolescent Risk Taking C. Adolescent Thinking in the Classroom Study Questions 1. What are the five chief ways that adolescent thinking differs from 2. What is hypothetical thinking? 3. How is an adolescent's understanding of sarcasm a good example of multidimensional thinking? 4. What is meant by the term "adolescent egocentrism"? 5. What is "imaginary audience"? Give an example of this phenomenon. 6. What is "personal fable"? Give an example of what is meant by this term. 7. What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? 8. Which Piagetian stage corresponds with adolescence? 9. What is adolescent thought like according to Piaget? 10. What is propositional logic? 11. How do Overton's studies on the competence-performance distinction, and his findings indicate an important weakness of Piaget's approach? 12. What are some of the other weaknesses of Piaget's theory? 13. How is the information processing view different from Piaget's approach? 14. What features of thought change during adolescence according to the information processing approach? 15. How do these features of thought change? 16. How do Robbie Case�s approach to cognitive development and Andreas Demetriou's theory concerning cognitive development both utilize cognitive- developmental notions and information processing notions in their theoretical framework? 17. Why was the intelligence test created? 18. How is the intelligence test limited in regard to measuring intelligence? 19. How stable is intelligence test performance in adolescence? 20. What is Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? 21. What are Gardner's multiple intelligences? 22. How do Sternberg's and Gardner's approach to intelligence depart from traditional approaches to intelligence? 23. What is the SAT? 24. How well does the SAT predict success in college? 25. Are there gender differences in SAT performance? Describe. 26. Are there gender differences in mental abilities? Describe. 27. What role do biological and environmental factors in gender differences in mental abilities? 28. What is Lev Vygotsky's theory concerning intellectual development? Describe. 29. What is meant by "middle class White bias" in traditional intelligence tests? 30. How do the following social cognitive capacities change from childhood to adolescence? Impression formation? 31. What are three behaviors that are considered risk-taking behaviors? 32. What is behavioral decision theory? Describe. 33. How useful is behavioral decision theory in explaining adolescent risk taking? 34. What is critical thinking? 35. Does the American educational system encourage critical thinking? Multiple Choice Questions - Please circle the correct answer. 1. The ability to think about thinking is known as: 2. This theoretical view of cognitive development invokes stages and emphasizes qualitative change in thinking: 3. In their investigation of the competence-performance distinction, Ward and Overton (1990) found that task ________ tended to effect adolescent's performance on deductive
reasoning tasks. 4. Piaget found that adolescent thinking is: 5. Improvements during adolescence in all of the following domains have been linked with the information processing perspective except: 6. This theorist has combined the Piagetian and the information processing views to describe cognitive development. 7. Intelligence tests are good predictors of: 8. Who has developed a
triarchic theory of intelligence? 9. A basketball player should be high in: 10. Researchers have found that the correlation between IQ scores in early adolescence and late adolescence is: 11. SAT scores are used to predict: 12. The largest and most reliable gender difference across the lifespan appears to be in the area of: 13.
This developmental theorist suggests that children learn best when tasks are within a zone of proximal development: 14. According to Robert Selman, adolescents are better at social perspective taking than children are because they can engage in ________ role taking. 15.
Each is an example of social cognition except: 16. During adolescence, impression formation becomes more: 17. In regard to adolescent risk taking behavior, researchers working from a behavioral decision making framework have found that: 18. Some critics of adolescent thinking in the classroom point out that: 19. An adolescent's ability to handle analogies in comparison to a child is indicative of the advanced ability to engage in: 20. A heightened sense of self-consciousness which leads a young person to believe that he or she is the focus of everyone's attention is known as: 21. The adolescent's ability to understand sarcasm in comparison to a child is indicative of the advanced ability to engage in: 22. Piaget believed that cognitive growth and development are dependent on: 23. Which type of attention involves the ability to pay attention to two sets of stimuli at the same time? 24. Who developed the first intelligence test? 25. Culture fair intelligence testing involves: True/False Questions - Mark each statement either True (T) or False (F). 1. In comparison to children's thinking, adolescent thinking is more abstract, more differentiated and more focused on the absolute. 2. Hypothetical thinking deals with "if-then" relationships. 3. A youngster who believes that noone has ever experienced heart break quite the way he has is exhibiting the personal fable phenomenon. 4. Generally, preschoolers are capable of preoperational thought. 5. According to Piaget, propositional logic underlies an adolescent's thinking abilities. 6. Studies of the competence-performance distinction in adolescent thinking abilities find that there tends to be very little distinction. 7. Information processing theories of cognitive development use a computer model to study human thinking. 8. Adolescents can retain information in working memory for up to 90 seconds. 9. Speed of information processing continues to improve from late adolescence into mid-adulthood. 10. Andreas Demetriou theorizes that human intellectual functioning is organized around specialized structural systems that are employed to solve problems. 11. Traditional intelligence tests are designed to measure a variety of cognitive abilities including creativity and inventiveness. 12. The Wechsler Tests (WISC-R and WAIS-R) have both verbal tests and performance tests of intelligence. 13. Howard Gardner believes that the most important form of intelligence is "book smarts". 14. Sternberg's componential intelligence involves the ability to acquire, process and store information. 15. Intelligence test scores in adolescence are stable because the cognitive abilities that are measured on these tests do not change from early to late adolescence. 16. The SAT is a measurement of academic achievement. 17. Gender differences in math ability are apparent in childhood and grow larger in adolescence. 18. According to Lev Vygotsky, an effective instructor structures a learning experience so that it is possible for the learner to successfully handle the task. 19. Adolescents are more likely than children to use inference in their impressions of other people. 20. Social conventions are generally the same as moral guidelines. 21. Behavioral decision theory has been used to look at adolescent risk taking. 22. Studies indicate that adolescents are far more likely than adults to feel invulnerable and hence are more likely to take risks. 23. High sensation seekers are more likely to engage in risk taking behavior than low sensation seekers. 24. The typical American school stresses the use of critical thinking in educational tasks for adolescents. 25. Consciously using a particular strategy to remember something is an example of metacognition. 26. The traditional information processing theories of cognitive development generally invoke stages to describe development. 27. The relevance of a task tends to effect adolescent�s deductive reasoning involving that task. 28. Social cognition involves thinking about people and relationships. 29. The moral reasoning of adolescents tends to be based on concrete rules that are handed down from important adults like parents and teachers. 30. Research has indicated that there tends to be a large gap between competence and performance in school achievement for non-English speaking high school students. Matching Questions - Choose the term that most accurately fits the description. ___ 1. extreme self-absorption
a. hypothetic thinking Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. d 11. b 21. c True/False Questions 1. F 11. F 21. T Matching Questions 1. b 11. f What are the cognitive changes that occur during adolescence?Adolescence marks the beginning development of more complex thinking processes (also called formal logical operations). This time can include abstract thinking the ability to form their own new ideas or questions. It can also include the ability to consider many points of view and compare or debate ideas or opinions.
What cognitive changes occur during adolescence quizlet?The five areas in which improvements occur during adolescence are (1) attention (2) working memory (3) processing speed (4) organization (5) metacognition.
Which aspects of cognition are most important during adolescence quizlet?2. Adolescents are better at thinking about abstract things.. Attention: we become better at paying attention due to improvements to both selective attention and divided attention. ... . Memory: seen with improved working memory, long-term memory, and autobiographical memory.. What is the term for experiences from adolescence that are recalled easier than experiences from other times in your life?It plays an outsize role in how we structure our expectations, stories, and memories. The basic finding is this: We remember more events from late adolescence and early adulthood than from any other stage of our lives. This phenomenon is called the reminiscence bump.
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