Which of the following is a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences?

Q: What type of learning is voluntary?

Operant behavior is said to be voluntary. The responses are under the control of the organism and are operants. For example, the child may face a choice between opening the box and petting a puppy.

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What is a form of learning in which a voluntary response?
What type of learning is voluntary?
What is voluntary learning based on consequences?
What type of learning is associated with consequences?

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Chapter 6

Question	Answer
Conditioning	The process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses.
Learning	A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes resulting from practice or experience.
Classical Conditioning	Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus(NS)becomes paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR).
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)	Stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
Unconditioned Response (UCR)	Unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
Neutral Stimulus (NS)	A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)	Previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimuls (UCS), now causes a conditioned response (CR).
Conditioned Response (CR)	Learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that occurs because of previous repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)	A classically conditioned emotional response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Stimulus Generalization	Learned response to a stimuli that are like the original conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus Discrimination	Learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli.
Extinction	Gradual weakening or suppression of a previously conditioned response (CR).
Spontaneous Recovery	Reappearance of a previous extinguished conditioned response (CR).
Higher-Order Conditioning	A neutral stimulus (NS) becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS)through repeated pairings with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS).
Operant Conditioning	Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences (also known as instrumental or Skinnerian conditioning).
Reinforcement	Strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur.
Punishment	Weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur.
Law of Effect	Thorndike's rule that the probability of an action being repeated is strengthened when it is followed by a pleasant or satisfying consequence.
Primary Reinforcers	Stimuli that increas the probability of a response because they satisfy a biological need, such as food, water, and sex.
Secondary Reinforcers	Stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their learned value, such as money and material possesions.
Positive Reinforcement	Adding (or presenting) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur.
Negative Reinforcement	Taking away a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likey to occur.
Continuous Reinforcement	Every correct response is reinforced.
Partial Intermittent Reinforcement	Some, but not all, correst responses are reinforced.
Fixed Ratio Schedule (FR)	Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses; the ratio/number is fixed.
Variable Ratio Schedule (VR)	Reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the ratio varies.
Fixed Interval Schedule (FI)	Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed; the interval(time) is fixed.
Variable Interval Schedule (VI)	Reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the interval varies.
Shaping	Reinforcement delivered for successive approximations of the desired response.
Positive Punishment	Adding a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur.
Negative Punishment	Taking away a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likey to recur.
Discriminative Stimulus	A cue that signals when a specific response will lead to the expected reinforcement.
Cognitive-Social Theory	Emphasizes the roles of thinking and social learning in behavior.
Insight	Sudden understanding of a problem that implies the solution.
Latent Learning	Hidden learning that exists without behavioral signs.
Observational Learning	Learning new behavior or information by watching others (Social learning).
Taste Aversion	A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness.
Biological Preparedness	Built-in (innate) readiness to form associations between certain stimuli and responses.
Instinctive Drift	Conditioned responses shift or drift back toward innate response patterns.
Biofeedback	An involuntary bodily process (heart rate or blood pressure) is recorded, and the information is fed back to an organism to increase voluntary control over that bodily function.

What is a form of learning in which a voluntary response?

Terms in this set (30) Operant conditioning. -Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

What type of learning is voluntary?

Operant behavior is said to be "voluntary". The responses are under the control of the organism and are operants. For example, the child may face a choice between opening the box and petting a puppy.

What is voluntary learning based on consequences?

Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence.

What type of learning is associated with consequences?

Operant conditioning is a learning theory that can be used in the classroom to manage students through reinforcements and consequences. Learn the definition of operant conditioning and its related concepts, including positive reinforcement and punishment, and look at an example in the classroom.

Which of the following is a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences?

Chapter 6

What is a form of learning in which a voluntary response?

What type of learning is voluntary?

What is voluntary learning based on consequences?

What type of learning is associated with consequences?

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