Which of the following best describes the relation between centration and conservation quizlet?

Who among the following five-year-olds is most likely to be the tallest?

A) Timothy who is a White, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, later-born boy
B) Tina who is a White, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, firstborn girl
C) Tyrone who is an African American, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, firstborn boy.
D) Tucker who is an African American, rural, lower-socioeconomic-status, later-born boy.

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Her pediatrician has just told Karly that her 4-year-old son, Manuel, has gained 6 pounds in the last year. Karly should

a. be alarmed, because this is too little weight gain.
b. be alarmed, because this is too much weight gain.
c. be alarmed, because this is normal weight gain only for females.
d. understand that this is normal.

D

Jungle gyms, slides, and climbing equipment should be available to help young children develop

a. handedness.
b. gross motor skills. correct
c. attention and concentration skills.
d. fine motor skills.

B

According to Erik Erikson, what is the "great governor" of initiative?

a. independence
b. fear
c. conscience correct
d. obedience

C

Three-year-olds scribble all over the page, but 4-year-olds can make more precise drawings that adults can understand. This is because 4-year-olds have more highly developed

a. sense of what others appreciate.
b. fine motor skills. correct
c. gross motor skills.
d. artistic ability.

B

The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is

a. poison.
b. malnutrition.
c. heart disease.
d. accident.

D

If a mother wants to reduce the risk that her child will develop asthma, pneumonia, or bronchitis, she should

a. stop smoking
b. be younger than 35 years when she becomes pregnant.
c. feed them a low-fat diet.
d. eat nutritiously while pregnant.

A

Jean Piaget claimed that children between the ages of 2 and 7 years are in a stage called preoperational thought, so named because he believed that

a. children at this age do not yet use mental operations in their thought. correct
b. children's ability to think with concepts is not yet operational at this age.
c. children at this age do not yet understand the basic concept of object permanence.
d. children's ability to use symbols in thinking is not yet operational at this age.

A

In talking with Grandma on the phone, little Marcelo suddenly exclaims, "Oh, look at that pretty red bird!" When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, Marcelo says, "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and hangs up. This is an example of

a. egocentrism
b. intuitive thought.
c. animism.
d. symbolic function.

A

Which of the following BEST describes the relation between centration and conservation?

a. Lack of conservation is reflected in centration.
b. Conservation is independent of centration.
c. Centration is caused by a lack of conservation.
d. Conservation requires centration.

A

In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement

a. must be considered before the total amount can be determined.
b. determine the total amount needed for a given task.
c. are irrelevant for the total amount.
d. significantly affect the total amount.

C

When teachers adjust their level of support and guidance to the level of skill of the student, it is called

a. assimilating.
b. zone of proximal development (ZPD).
c. scaffolding.
d. modeling.

C

Lev Vygotsky DIFFERS from Jean Piaget in how he stresses the relative importance of _______ for cognitive development.

a. biology
b. other people
c. the environment
d. language

B

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is

a. industry versus inferiority.
b. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
c. conscious formation versus conscious alienation.
d. initiative versus guilt.

D

Blanche is 4 years old. What would Blanche MOST likely say if you asked her to describe who she is?

a. "I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in art."
b. "I am quiet, nice, and friendly."
c. "I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of William."
d. "I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle."

D

Developmental psychologists would describe Jennifer as an "emotion-coaching" parent. It is likely that she would also be described as all of the following, EXCEPT

a. a "rejecting" parent.
b. a "scaffolding" parent.
c. a "nurturing" parent.
d. a "praising" parent.

A

The social role theory of gender differences suggests that

a. nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call "gender."
b. the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from our evolutionary past.
c. inequities in the distribution of power and access to resources are the primary cause of psychological and behavioral gender differences between men and women.
d. social roles are chosen, not determined.

C

A parent who is very uninvolved in a child's life, showing neither responsiveness or control, is a

a. authoritarian parent.
b. authoritative parent.
c. neglectful parent. correct
d. indulgent parent.

C

Ursula just brought home her report card. She earned Cs and Ds in all of her classes. Ursula's mom's first response was "Oh, you must be very disappointed." Then, the two of them sat down and tried to determine why she was having difficulty and what they could do to help her get her grades up. They decided that Ursula would start seeing a tutor after school. Ursula's mom is most likely a

a. authoritarian parent.
b. neglectful parent.
c. indulgent parent.
d. authoritative parent.

D

Lavonda is running her own family child care service, and she is concerned that several of the children seem to be overweight. What would be the BEST approach for Lavonda to use in helping the children with their weight?

a. Offer well-balanced meals, and then use only fun snack foods and desserts as a reward when the children are behaving.
b. Help the children begin and stay on diets that cut their calorie intake.
c. Eliminate snacks and teach the children to eat all of their regular meals, so that they will not want junk food later.
d. Help the children learn the fun and value of physical activity and avoid using food as a reward or comforter.

C

A young child might be heard saying, "That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred to as

a. conservation.
b. kineticism.
c. egocentrism.
d. animism.

D

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