As necessary to mechanical industry as steel and steam power was the great market, spread over a wide and diversified area and knit together by efficient means of transportation. This service was supplied to industry by the steamship, which began its career on the Hudson in 1807; by the canals, of which the Erie, opened in 1825, was the most noteworthy; and by the railways, which came into practical operation about 1830. Show With sure instinct Eastern manufacturer reached out for the markets of the Northwest territory where free farmers were annually producing staggering crops of corn, wheat, bacon, and wool. The two great canal systems — the Erie, connecting New York City with the waterways of the Great Lakes and the Pennsylvania chain, which linked Philadelphia with the headwaters of the Ohio — gradually turned the tide of trade from New Orleans to the Eastern seaboard. In a summary of this passage, which would support a central trend? Factory work was not easy. Most working conditions were not ideal. First of all, it involved long hours. Typical factory workers put in twelve-hour days, six days a week, and there were few holidays. Moreover, most workers had to do the same simple tasks over and over each day. At the same time, they had to work fast to keep pace with the machines they tended. Finally, factory work could be dangerous. Fingers, hair, and clothing often got caught in the many gears and belts of machines, making accidents common. Also, textile mills were filled with cotton dust, which damaged the lungs of the workers who breathed it in. Which sentence provides key details that support the central idea of this excerpt? Sets with similar termsUpgrade to remove ads Only ₩37,125/year
Terms in this set (87)How did the development of the Bessemer process affect the growth of cities? -It enabled the mass production of steel, which was used to build new factories. It enabled the mass production of steel, which was used to build new factories. How did railroad expansion affect the growth of major urban centers? -New networks were built in the rural West. Traveling to and from cities became easier. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in -1835. 1869. The main reason people moved to cities during the Gilded Age was -to get jobs in factories and corporate headquarters. to get jobs in factories and corporate headquarters. The economy of the Gilded Age was characterized by -economic growth and high unemployment among unskilled workers. rapid economic growth and social change. The development of a system of mass production in manufacturing meant that -machines rapidly produced large amounts of products. machines rapidly produced large amounts of products. The building of a railroad network led to industrial growth because -raw materials and finished products were shipped quickly and cheaply. raw materials and finished products were shipped quickly and cheaply. Industrialization resulted in what changes to American society? -economic growth and increased urbanization economic growth and increased urbanization Population growth during the Gilded Age was due in large part to -unemployment among workers. immigration to the United States. The growth of business led to the development of a new type of business organization called the corporation. Which of the following was a characteristic of a corporation? -Each of the company's
stockholders was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt. None of the company's stockholders was legally responsible if the company went bankrupt. Which industry benefited most from the Bessemer process? -petroleum steel How did railroad expansion make natural resources more available in the United States? -by increasing the amount of natural resource deposits by making it possible for natural resources to be transported to different cities and towns Which best explains how railroad companies were able to standardize their timetables in 1883? -by combining into a single railway company by working together voluntarily The expansion of the rail networks led to -a growth in the steel industry. a growth in the steel industry. What industry was most affected by the refrigerated railcar? -meatpacking meatpacking Which best describes a development that improved railroad safety? -Railroads adopted standard time to coordinate schedules. Companies replaced hand-operated brakes with air brakes on trains. The US government gave land to the railroads to help them expand. What impact did these land grants have on industries in the West? -The grants limited the amount of land that was available to industries in the West. The grants allowed industries in the West to grow because they encouraged settlement and new industrial opportunities. Railroads not only led to an increase in the ability to transport raw materials, but they also led to a(n) -decrease in the need for raw materials. increase in the demand for raw materials. During the Second Industrial Revolution, which building material became one of the most important in the world? -brick steel How was Rockefeller able to build his monopoly across the oil industry? -He found newer and cheaper ways to refine oil, increasing his profits. He bought up oil refineries, cut costs, and reinvested his profits in other refineries. How do monopolies affect the price of goods? -Monopolies always result in lower consumer prices. Monopolies can lower and raise their prices at will. During the Gilded Age, how did the US Congress act to regulate business practices? -Congress passed laws that supported laissez-faire policies to help businesses grow. Congress did not pass laws that would control the growth of monopolies. Why was Carnegie Steel able to offer its product more cheaply than its competitors? -Carnegie introduced the Bessemer process, which decreased the cost of production. Carnegie could cut his costs because he owned the supply of raw materials and the means of production and distribution. What is the main reason that the American public turned against monopolies? -They saw the price of goods rise as their wages decreased. They saw the price of goods rise as their wages decreased. What made Standard Oil a horizontal integration monopoly? -It controlled all aspects of oil production. It owned ninety percent of US oil refineries. What was the main reason that Carnegie invested in the Frick Coke Company? -He wanted to invest in new technology. He wanted to make sure he could always get fuel for his steel plant. Which statement is true about the relationship between a monopoly and its competition in a market? -Monopolies are formed when they buy out their competition in a market. Monopolies are formed when they buy out their competition in a market. The Cleveland Massacre was -a takeover by Standard Oil of the refineries in Cleveland. a takeover by Standard Oil of the refineries in Cleveland. What business practice contributed most to Andrew Carnegie's ability to form a monopoly? -using profits to support charities in order to greatly improving his reputation combining his companies into one company, and controlling all aspects of steel production Which of these inventions arose from an attempt to help hearing-impaired people? -the multiplex telegraph the telephone Which type of technology did city planners adopt during the Industrial Age in an attempt to meet the needs of commuters? -communications technology railroad technology Which is a reason people were open to new inventions during the Industrial Age? -New inventions were accessible to all people.
New inventions made life easier for many people. Which of these inventions was dependent on Edison's methods of electricity distribution? -the telegraph the toaster Which of these innovations was made possible by Alexander Graham Bell? -instant communication over distance through the written
word instant communication over distance through speech Thomas Edison's fascination with what invention inspired him to develop the phonograph? -the incandescent light bulb the telephone How did Henry Ford affect the automobile industry? -He made car production cheaper by improving the He made car production cheaper by improving the assembly line. How did Granville Woods improve the telegraph? -He made it possible for the telegraph to transmit speech. He made it possible for moving trains to have telegraphs. When was the first gasoline-powered American automobile made? -the late 1700s the late 1800s How was the telephone different from the telegraph? -The telephone allowed for instant communication over a distance. The telephone allowed for voice communication over a distance. What effect did the construction of the transcontinental railroad have on coast-to-coast communication? -The railroad made coast-to-coast communication instantaneous. The railroad reduced coast-to-coast communication time from about 180 days to about a week. What method of manufacturing, introduced in the early 1800s, made mass production possible? -the use of interchangeable parts the use of interchangeable parts Which invention allowed the greatest personal freedom of travel? -the horse-drawn trolley the automobile Which of these inventors most directly contributed to changing the way people functioned during the evening? -Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison Which of the following best shows the broad scope of Thomas Edison's work? -His name was on more than 1,000 patents. His name was on more than 1,000 patents. The first territory the United States acquired beyond the borders of its 48 contiguous states was -Alaska. Alaska. In order to compete with Western nations, Japan began modernizing its politics and economy in 1868 in a process called -parliamentary democracy the Meiji Restoration In 1853, who commanded the fleet that arrived in Japan with a letter from President Fillmore? -Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry At the end of the 1800s, why did people fear that China might be split into different imperialist colonies? -China was losing a war with Japan and the United States. China was too weak to prevent other nations from controlling parts of its territory. How did Japan's 1889 constitution make the country similar to Western nations? -It gave the people a greater voice in their government. It gave the people a greater voice in their government. Why did President Cleveland refuse to annex Hawaii? -He felt annexation would be unjust and illegal. He felt annexation would be unjust and illegal. The country Japan fought and defeated during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was
-China China Which of the following best explains how Hawaii become a US territory? -The US annexed Hawaii in 1900. The US annexed Hawaii in 1900. Which of the following best explains how the United States acquired Alaska? -The United States claimed Alaska after winning a war with Russia. The United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. According to the Open Door policy, China's ability to tax trade -inspired some countries to levy their own taxes. encouraged fair trade for all countries. The Spanish-American War helped the United States -become
a strong leader in the Americas. become a strong leader in the Americas. Which of the following describes an effect of the Spanish-American War? -Cuba became a US territory. Puerto Rico became a US territory. How did actions of the Spanish during the Cuban Revolution affect American attitudes? -Americans opposed the brutal tactics of the Spanish. Americans opposed the brutal tactics of the Spanish. Why were US businesses upset by Spanish reactions to the Cuban Revolution during the late 1800s? -US businesses were afraid they would lose money that they had invested. US businesses were afraid they would lose money that they had invested. Why was acquiring Guam important for the United States in the Spanish-American War? -Acquiring Guam allowed the United States to have a naval base in the Pacific. Acquiring Guam allowed the United States to have a naval base in the Pacific. The first battle of the Spanish-American War was fought in -Havana, Cuba the Philippines What was the main reason that yellow journalism strongly affected American attitudes about Cuba and the Spanish-American War? -Very few average Americans read newspapers, but most politicians did. People got most of their information about world events from newspapers. The main reason the United States decided to build a canal across Panama instead of Nicaragua was that: -the distance to deliver materials from the United States was shorter. the land and building rights were less expensive. How did the Spanish-American War help create support for building the Panama Canal? -A canal would have helped US ships get to the war more quickly. A canal would have helped US ships get to the war more quickly. How were the Latin American policies of President Theodore Roosevelt and President Wilson similar ? -Both concentrated on the importance of democratic governments. Both used the military to get involved in Latin American affairs. What did President Wilson think of the Big Stick policy and Dollar Diplomacy? -Wilson wanted to base his foreign policy on them. Wilson rejected both policies. President Wilson's policy of Moral Diplomacy concentrated on building -railroads in other countries. democracies in other countries. Which action shows that President Theodore Roosevelt did not always rely on military force in foreign policy? -He negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth. He negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth. From which country did the United States need to buy rights before building a canal across Central America? -Great Britain France How did President Theodore Roosevelt resolve a dispute with Japan over immigration? -He sent the US Navy into Japanese ports. He stopped discrimination against Japanese immigrants. Why was the United States described as a "police officer" in Latin America under President Theodore Roosevelt? -Roosevelt wanted to help Latin American countries develop a better police force. Roosevelt said that the US would prevent Latin American countries from illegal actions. When the United States decided to build a canal across Central America, Panama was -an independent nation. a part of Colombia. President Taft's foreign policy emphasized -the strength and influence of US businesses and banks. the strength and influence of US businesses and banks. Which word or phrase best describes the part of Panama where the canal was built? -mountainous mountainous How did President Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick policy differ from Dollar Diplomacy and Moral Diplomacy? -It emphasized US economic strength. It emphasized US military strength. The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of which of the following policies? -the gold standard the Monroe Doctrine What led to the increased popularity of automobiles? -Ford's use of skilled labor to make
each car one at a time Ford's revolutionary use of the assembly line How did the Carnegie's purchase of Allegheny Steel contribute to the formation of his monopoly? -The purchase gave Carnegie new access to the raw materials he needed. The purchase enabled Carnegie to discover a more efficient production method. How did the growth of the railroads affect supply and demand for natural resources in the United States? -The growth of the railroads decreased the supply
of natural resources. The growth of the railroads increased the demand for natural resources. How were the results of the Big Stick policy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy similar in Latin America? -People in Latin America welcomed the increase in US investments. People in Latin America were angry at US actions. How did countries throughout the world view the United States after the Spanish-American War? -as a power only in the Americas as a major power with worldwide military strength Why did government officials allow monopolies to operate without strong regulations during the Gilded Age? -They
believed monopolies would keep competition alive. They believed monopolies were responsible for the growth of the economy. How did the success of individuals such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell change American culture? -Their success encouraged people to experiment and invent new products. Their success encouraged people to experiment and invent new products. Why did rebels in the Philippines fight against the United States after Spain lost the Spanish-American War? -The rebels were fighting for their independence because the United States did not give it to them. The rebels were fighting for their independence because the United States did not give it to them. How did William H. Seward aid US expansion? -Seward sent missionaries to Hawaii to spread US culture. Seward signed a treaty with Russia to buy Alaska. In the late 1800s, the growth of the railroad system led to Midwestern cities such as Minneapolis and Cleveland becoming -agricultural centers. industrial centers. What impact did the expansion of railroads in the West have on the American Indians who lived there? -They were displaced from their tribal lands. They were displaced from their tribal lands. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt use the Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic? -Roosevelt did not want the
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How did railroad expansion affect the growth of major urban centers quizlet?How did railroad expansion affect the growth of major urban centers? Traveling to and from cities became easier. What is one reason why the expansion of the railroads caused prices of products to drop during the Gilded Age? Railroads provided cheap and fast transportation for both raw materials and products.
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Which best explains how railroad companies were able to standardize their timetables in 1883 quizlet?
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