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dictate the contents of the text at least three times. use paper similar to that of the questioned document. Document examiners frequently uncover the original writing of words that have been crossed out with the aid of: A) transmitted radiation. What do forensic document examiners use to check for indented writing on paper?An EDD uses applied charges and toner to visualize areas of indented writing, making them visible to the eye. The ESDA uses the principle that indented areas of the document carry less negative charge than surrounding areas. What is a TTI in forensics?TTI- transmitting terminal identifier: header of the fax document; distinguish between real and fraud documents. name five important characteristics of a printer, photocopier, or fax machine that a document examiner must identify when analyzing a document in a situation where the suspect machine is not available. 1.  What class characteristics are examined for photocopiers?ABSTRACT: The identification of office copier machines has been simplified by the computer- ization of their class characteristics. The class characteristics examined are paper type, type of toner, reduction/enlargement capabilities, paper supply, presence of identifying marks, fusion method, and color capabilities. Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing?Gas Chromatograph What characteristics of handwriting are examined?Handwriting features that examiners evaluate include the size and slope of the writing, pen pressure, pen lifts, the spacing between words and letters, the position of the writing on the baseline (the position of the character in relation to the ruled or imaginary line), height relationships, beginning and ending … What are the 12 characteristics of handwriting?The 12 characteristics of handwritingLine quality. Do the lines flow or are they shaky and irregular? Word and letter spacing. Are the letters and words equally spaced out, or are they bunched together? Size consistency. Pen lifts. Connecting strokes. Letters complete. Cursive and printed letters. Pen pressure. What is the importance of handwriting?The brain engages differently when we write something by hand as opposed to typing it on a keyboard or by touching a screen. Studies show that writing improves memory; students retain learning better when working with new ideas through handwriting instead of typing. What does handwriting tell about a person?Your handwriting says a lot about your personality. For example, if you write large letters, it could mean you are people oriented, whereas small letters could mean you are introverted. Is messy handwriting a sign of intelligence?Bad handwriting in some cases is a sign of eccentricity too. Bad and messy handwriting is a sign of high-intelligence, meaning your pen cannot keep up with your brain. So, don’t despair if you have an ugly handwriting. Creative handwriting belongs to people who are highly creative and exceptional in one way or another. Does handwriting show intelligence?Dysgraphia, a term describing poor spelling and handwriting, often identified at school, is commonly linked to a lack of intelligence. But on the contrary, untidy handwriting can actually suggest above average intelligence. This is despite academic deficits in other other areas. What does good handwriting indicate?People with small handwriting tend to be shy, studious and meticulous, whereas outgoing people who love attention will have larger handwriting. If handwriting is an average size – in that the top of the letters sit just below the centre of line – the writer is well-adjusted and adaptable. Why is doctors handwriting bad?The common explanation I have always heard is – that while rapidly taking notes in college and medical school, a doctor’s penmanship deteriorated over time. By the time they got out into practice, those writing habits could not be “unlearned”. What does it mean when you cross your t’s low?If you cross you lowercase “t’s” up high, you likely have many goals and aim high. If you cross them low, it could mean it’s time to raise the bar for yourself; low crossers tend to aim low as well. What is dysgraphia?Dysgraphia can appear as difficulties with spelling and/or trouble putting thoughts on paper. Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder that generally appears when children are first learning to write. Experts are not sure what causes it, but early treatment can help prevent or reduce problems. At what age is dysgraphia diagnosed?While letter formation and other types of motoric dysgraphia can be diagnosed at the age of five or six years old, some diagnostic tools, such as the norm-referenced Test of Written Language (TOWL-4), are only appropriate for students nine years of age or older, since they will have had more experience with writing … Is dysgraphia a form of autism?In childhood, the disorder generally emerges when children are first introduced to writing. Dysgraphia can occur after neurological trauma or it might be diagnosed in a person with physical impairments, Tourette Syndrome, ADHD, Learning Disabilities, or an Autism Spectrum Disorder such as Asperger’s Syndrome. What are signs of dysgraphia?SymptomsCramped grip, which may lead to a sore hand.Difficulty spacing things out on paper or within margins (poor spatial planning)Frequent erasing.Inconsistency in letter and word spacing.Poor spelling, including unfinished words or missing words or letters.Unusual wrist, body, or paper position while writing. Does dysgraphia go away?Fact: Dysgraphia is a lifelong condition—there’s no cure to make it go away. That doesn’t mean, though, that people with dysgraphia can’t succeed at writing and other language-based activities. There are a lot of ways to get help for dysgraphia, including apps and accommodations . How do you accommodate dysgraphia?Provide pencil grips or different types of pens or pencils to see what works best for the student. Provide handouts so there’s less to copy from the board. Provide typed copies of classroom notes or lesson outlines to help the student take notes. Provide extra time to take notes and copy material. How can a document examiner identify the writer?The forensic document examiner determines the variability in the known writing of a writer. The handwriting analysis or signature analysis compares the questioned writing or questioned signature with the variability of the known writing. Variability is a concept from statistics.
What does a document examiner look for?Documents can be examined for evidence of alterations, obliterations, erasures and page substitutions. Or the examiner can study the methods, materials or machines that created the document, providing key information that can identify or narrow the possible sources of the document.
What is blotting out or smearing over text to make the original unreadable?The blotting out or smearing over of writing or printing to make the original unreadable is called: erasure.
When comparing sample writing with suspect document the age difference between the documents should be not more than?When comparing sample writing to a suspect document, the age difference between the documents should be no more than six to twelve months.
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When words have been crossed out document examiners frequently uncover the original writing with the aid of what?
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