When a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments it is using?

Marketing Channel/Distribution Channel

A set of interdependent organizations that help to make a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user.

A layer of intermediates that performs some work in bringing the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer

A marketing Channel that has no intermediary levels

Indirect Marketing Channel

Channel containing one or more intermeddiary levels

Disagreement among marketing channel members on goals and roles - who should do what for what rewards

Conventional Distribution Channel

A channel consisting of one or more independent producers, wholesalers, and retailers, each a seperate business seeking to maximize its own profits, even at the expense of profits for the system as a whole

Vertical Marketing System (VMS)

A distribution channel structure in which producers, wholesalers, and retailers act as a unified system. One channel member owns the others, has contracts with them, or has so much power that they all cooperate.

A vertical marketing system in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through contracts to obtain more economies or sales impact than they could achieve alone.

A contractual vertical marketing system in which a channel member, called a franchise, links several stages in the production-distribution process

Integrated Logistics Management

The logistics concept that emphasized teamwork, both inside the company and among all the marketing channel organizations, to maximize the performance of the entire distribution system.

Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Provider

An independent logistics provider that performs any or all of the functions required to get its client's product to market.

A vertical marketing system that coordinates successive stages of production and distribution, not through common ownership or contractual ties, but through the size and power of one of the parties.

Horizontal Marketing System

A channel arrangement in which two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity.

Multicultural Distribution System

A distribution system in which a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments.

The cutting out of marketing channel intermediated by product or service producers or the displacement of traditional resellers by radical new types of intemediates.

Designing effective marketing channels by analyzing consumer needs, setting channel objectives, identifying major channel alternatives, and evaluating them.

Stocking the product in as many outlets as possible

Giving a limited number of dealers the exclusive right to distribute the company's products in their territories

The use of more than one, but fewer than all of the intermediates who are willing to carry the company's products

Marketing Channel Management

Selecting, managing and motivating individual channel members and evaluating their performance over time

Marketing Logistics/Physical Distribution

Planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points of consumtion to meet customer requirements at a profit

Managing upstream and downstream value-added flows of materials, final goods, and related information among suppliers, the company, resellers, and final consumers.

A large, highly automated warehouse designed to receive goods from various plants and suppliers, taker orders, fill them efficiently, and deliver goods to consumers as quickly as possible.

Intermodal Transportation

Combining two or more modes of transportation.