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Terms in this set (34)information processing approaches approaches to cognitive development that seek to identify the ways that individuals take in, use, and store information. Information processing -The process by which information is
encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory. Storage the process by which information is saved for future use. Retrieval the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness, and used. We are able to recall information through the use of retrieval cues, stimuli that permit people to recall information. Automatization the degree to which an activity requires attention. Processes that require relatively little attention are automatic; processes that require relatively large amounts of attention are controlled. Cognitive Architecture refers to the basic, enduring structures and features of information processing that are relatively constant over the course of development. Cognitive architecture determines the specific steps through which material is processed as it travels through the human mind. Three-System Approach (Atkinson and Shiffrin) this theory says that there are several steps in the process that permit the encoding, storage, and retention of information, similar to a computer that passes information through a sequential series of steps. The three-system model consists of a sensory store, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory store the initial, momentary storage of
information, lasting only an instant. short term memory It is in short-term memory that thoughtful, deliberate information processing first takes place, giving meaning to the raw, nonmeaningful information
from the sensory store. Central Executive -uses strategies like: directing attention, scheduling a dentist appointment, review a speech during a traffic jam, or completing an assignment by a deadline. Rehearsal the repetition of information that has entered short-term memory. As long as information in short-term memory is rehearsed, it is kept alive and is not lost. Rehearsal allows for the transfer of material into long-term memory. Long-Term Memory -the memory component in which information is stored on a relatively permanent basis. Retrieval cues stimuli that permit people to recall information. Retrieval cues are like a library's catalog; they guide people to the location of a specific memory. Retrieval cues may take the form of a word, an image, a smell, or a sound. Memory modules represent different memory systems in the brain that help retrieve information that is stored in your long-term memory. Information Processing Theory vs. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development -Information processing- development is quantitative and happens gradually and continuously. Attention information processing involving the ability to strategically choose among and sort out different stimuli in the environment. As children grown older, their ability to control their attention increases. Control (of attention) -Control of attention increases with age - 5 - 6 yr old. children have an attention span of 5 - 7 minutes. Planning the ability to allocate attentional resources on the basis of goals that one wishes to achieve. This ability develops throughout childhood and adolescence. Infants (Early Memory) Infants who had learned the association between a moving mobile and kicking showed surprising recall ability if they were exposed to a reminder of the early memory. How long do memories last? Researchers disagree on the age from which memories can be retrieved: Infantile Amnesia the lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to three years of age. Autobiographical memory -memory of events in one's own life that are largely inaccurate before age 8 - 24 months. Information Processing in Adolescence gains during adolescence help to explain developmental differences in abstract,multidimensional and hypothetical thinking. Metamemory Understanding and knowledge children and adults have about memory and memory processes - knowing how long you need to study to learn something. Tool for building strategies, organizing content information, and more efficient learning Memory in early adulthood your memory abilities are at a peak. Memory in middle adulthood minor declines in memory. You tend to compensate for these declines in memory using different strategies. Memory in late adulthood more memory declines. Encoding the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory. Infants and children—indeed, all people—are exposed to a massive amount of information; if they tried to process it all,
they would be overwhelmed. Consequently, they encode selectively, picking and choosing the information to which they will pay attention. Strategies for Remembering (using mneumonics) Get organized Code-based approach -emphasizes teaching letters and sounds (phonics) as a basis for teaching reading. Whole-language approach children should learn to read through exposure to complete writing—sentences, stories, poems, lists, charts, and other examples of actual uses of writing. Instead of being taught to sound out words, children are encouraged to make guesses about the meaning of words based on the context in which they appear. Through such a trial-and-error approach, children come to learn whole words and phrases at a time, gradually becoming proficient readers. Critical Thinking thinking that makes use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the likelihood of solving problems, forming inferences, and making decisions appropriately and successfully Reading to children before age 2 is important because...... -Lays groundwork for enhanced language development Recommended textbook solutions Psychology: Themes and Variations10th EditionWayne Weiten 180 solutions Psychology1st EditionArlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins 580 solutions Cognitive Psychology4th EditionE Bruce Goldstein 300 solutions Cognitive Psychology5th EditionE Bruce Goldstein 211 solutions Sets with similar termsCh. 661 terms dgelliott11
OLD Chapter 6 (Cognitive Growth: Information Proce…34 terms rbiklen OLD Chapter 6 (Cognitive Growth: Information Proce…34 terms Margaret_Anthony chapt 6 psy45 terms Abbie_Hedrick Sets found in the same folderPsychology chapter 526 terms mireya_puente1 Chapter 7 Psychology40 terms Dana_Cope Psychology Chapter 930 terms Galen_Bizovi Psychology Chapter 612 terms kelsey_shumate Other sets by this creatorChapter 15, Approaches to Therapy30 terms olivia_ahmed Chapter 14, Personality Disorders43 terms olivia_ahmed Chapter 13, Personality47 terms olivia_ahmed Chapter 1425 terms olivia_ahmed Verified questionsQUESTION Damage to which of following brain structures would affect the processing of new explicit memories? a. Cerebral cortex. b. Medulla. c. Corpus callosum. d. Hippocampus e. Hypothalamus. Verified answer QUESTION Frequency theory relates to which element of the hearing process? a. The rate at which the basilar membrane vibrates. b. The number of fibers in the auditory nerve. c. The point at which the basilar membrane exhibits the most vibration. d. The decibel level of a sound. e. The number of hair cells in each cochlea. Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY Erikson and Marcia insist that all adolescents experience an identity crisis. Do you agree? Explain your answer. Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY Why do psychologists consider Dan’s behavior a disorder rather than just a personality type? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsChapter 17 book review17 terms sgracie713 Metagenics Medical foods Single19 terms Yourfavorite1PLUS GI drugs151 terms brittany_allenPLUS Animal Farm Vocab25 terms Emma_Austin8 Related questionsQUESTION the concept of a set point is relevant to the understanding of the experience of: 15 answers QUESTION In the Little Albert study, what was the unconditioned stimulus? 15 answers QUESTION What are the phases of the General Adaptation Syndrome? 15 answers QUESTION What is the Biomedical model of medicine? 15 answers Which is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded stored and retrieved?Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.
Which is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded stored and retrieved encoding automatization categorization memory?Encoding- the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory. The ability to answer questions such as the preceding, then, depends, first o whether someone has been exposed to the information in the first place and subsequently on whether he or she has encoded it in a meaningful way.
What is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded?Encoding. -the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory.
What is the process of storing and recalling information?Memory is the process of storing and recalling information that was previously acquired. Memory occurs through three fundamental stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
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What is the term for the process by which the information is initially recorded stored and retrieved quizlet?
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