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Terms in this set (98)public affairs those events and issues that concern the people at large ex. government & politics, public issues, making of public policies public opinions the complex collection of publicly expressed attitudes/opinions of many different people; the sum of all their views. includes those views that relate to public affairs. affected by religion, gender, age, race, income PROBLEMS: ppl change their opinions, ppl are uninformed, americans belong to many diff groups, polls aren't always accurate AND ppl are easily swayed by the media mass media those means of communication that read large, widely dispersed audiences simultaneously. print press, radio, television, internet. seems to affect politics the most by focusing ppl's attention on certain issues. political socialization the process by which people gain their attitudes and opinions, begins in early childhood and continues thru one's lifetime to form personal political views. influences include demographics, geographics, family, schools, mass media, peer groups, opinion leaders, historic events - Family is earliest and mosts significant agents of political socialization! peer group people with whom one regularly associates. friends, classmates, neighbors, coworkeres opinion leader any person who has an unusually strong influence on the views of others. holders of public office, prominent Community leaders, movie stars historic events events that have a major impact on the content and direction of public policy. Sept 11, war on terror, Great Depression, JFK assassination, MLK Jr, civil rights movement mandate the instructions or commands that a constituency gives its political leaders elections and their importance in a democracy of a cast for serious candidates are regularly taken as evidence of ppl's approval or rejection of the positions taken by candidates in their parties. THE BEST GENERAL INDICATORS OF PUBLIC OPINION. RARELY indicate a mandate by the ppl. interest group private organizations whose members share certain views and objectives, and who work to shape the making and content of public policy. THE CHIEF MEANS by which public opinion is made known. pressure exerted thru lobbyists, letters, phone calls, emails the media frequently said to be mirrors as well as molders of public opinions. inaccurate indicator of public opinion which voices only the views of a vocal minority personal contacts public officials have frequent and wide ranging contacts w large numbers of people. inadequate measures of public opinion bc politicians find only what they want to find public opinion poll devices that attempt to collect information by asking people questions straw vote (straw poll) polls that seek to read the publics mind simply by asking the same questions to a large number of ppl. HIGHLY UNRELIABLE bc it rests on the assumption that a large number of responses (from self-selected individuals) will provide an accurate picture of publics views. EXAMPLE asking the same question to a large group of random people scientific polling national and regional polling organizations that report public attitudes on the current interest (from the responses of a wide range of individuals) EX. ABC, Washington Post, CBS, NY Times, CNN polls the scientific polling process 1) Define the universe evaluating a scientific poll Value measured thru: Accurate public opinion polls require unbiased questioning, random selection of persons interviewed, understandable questions, multiple possible responses universe the whole population that the poll aims or seeks to measure; the entire group of persons sampled in a given poll sample a representative slice (random sample) of the total universe random sample ... well drawn questions questions constructed w great care to avoid "loaded" emotionally charged words in terms that are difficult to understand (different wording and structure of questions can change responses!) quota sample a sample deliberately reconstructed to reflect the major characteristics of a given population (of the universe being studied) intensity the strength of feeling with which an opinion is held stability (fluidity) the relevant relative performance or changeableness of an opinion relevance (pertinence) how important a particular opinion is of the person who holds it criticism bandwagon effect; tendency to go along w the crowd What ways can public opinion be measured through? - Elections CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM medium a means of communication which form of mass media has had the greatest influence on politics in the last 50+ years? television! others include: newspapers, radio, magazines, the internet (leading source of political news info in US) weblog Web site postings usually devoted to a specific subject, like politics. Growth declined bc other media outlets use the internet to reach potential customers public agenda the societal problems that the nation's political leader and the general public agree need government action. the media determines what public matters the ppl will think and talk abt sound bite snappy reports/short statements made by politicians that can be aired on the news in 30-45 seconds, often carefully staged and are summaries of a position. catchy statements, length decreases everyday How have electoral politics been impacted by the media? Political candidates are less dependent on party organizations. Internet and TV allow candidates to appear directly to the ppl w/o the help of a party organization. Candidates no longer need to be professional politicians to succeed. How is media influence limited? -
ppl r selective in what they listen to and read How the mass media relates to politics! - politics respond to changes in the media (how communication is carried on influences actions of gov) trial balloon floating a policy idea to get/gauge reaction before actually proposing gatekeeper media's role of influencing what subject's become national political issues and for how long scorekeeper media's role of keeping track of reputations and candidates. see a lot during campaigns as a track of who is winning
watchdog role played by national media in investigating and exposing scadals loaded language use of words to persuade ppl of something w/o making a clear argument for it talking head politician using sound bites to present a superficial view of a position photo op photo opportunity, usually staged to present a particular view or image that will be influential and/or lasting Role of the media? Middleman/gatekeepr - helps focus ppl's attention on certain issues hyperdemocracy influence of the masses on government thru the media. the idea that policymakers have become so sensitive to public opinion that they are subservient to any brief shift opinion. talk radio is a big factor in this expansion fairness doctrine scrapped in 1987. had stipulated that media air opposing opinions of the same issue. symbolic relationship 2 entities need each other. describes the relationship between the media and government officials. government is newsworthy and media is a linkage institution linkage institution channel of communication that connects the ppl to the govt. EX media, political parties, interest groups, elections political ideology a set of beliefs regarding issues (social, economic) and what the role of gov should be issues: a lot of ppl dealign and can be labeled as moderate, political paries form around shared political ideology popular sovereignty ppl are the source of power
limited government the government is restrained by the ppl popular consent ppl have to agree to be governed democracy the government is for the ppl and the ppl get to participate tracking polls questioning the same group over and over to ascertain changes in opinion exit poll a poll taken of a sample of voters as they leave a polling place deliberative a poll taken on a small random group deliberating (thinking/talking) about an issue Informal requirements for presidents Older Formal requirements for presidents 35 yo Formal roles for president Chief of State, Executive, Administrator, Diplomat, Commander in Chief, Chief Legislator, Chief of Party, Chief Citizen Chief of State ceremonial head of state. represents America as a whole Chief Executive has
broad executive power. Chief Administrator manages the executive branch (employs 2.7 mil citizens) Chief Diplomat main architect of foreign policy and the nation's chief spokesman to the rest of the world. Commander in Chief head of armed forces (1.4 mil soldiers) in supreme command Chief of Party chief of the party in power. He makes decisions regarding his political party Chief Citizen champion and works for public interests If the president dies/is incapacitated, who resumes power? - Pres 22nd Amendment Limits the president to two terms or 10 years. 25th Amendment Establishes procedures for succession to the presidency Roles of the VP? - Presides over the Senate First Lady roles? - No formal powers Cabinet Departments ... Succession Act of 1947 law specifying the order of presidential succession following the Vice president. Presidential powers under the USC? ... Most presidents rely on the advice of who? ... What is the role of the president in the legislative process? ... During the nomination process, political battles are most likely to occur in...? ... Why are Iowa and N.H. important even though they hold very few votes in the Electoral College? ... What traits of power must a president possess? ... Why are regulatory agencies considered quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial? ... What actions does a president take upon receipt of a bill? ... What are the characteristics of a Bureaucracy? ... The usefulness of cabinet members as advisors is undermined by what factors? ... What is a pocket veto? ... How does the electoral college work? ... The informal qualification of the president are a result of what? ... What is the correct line of presidential succession? ... What does it mean to "balance" a presidential "ticket"? ... The framers did not like the idea of the popular vote because... ... How is a tie for the presidential election broken in the electoral college? ... In a time of national emergency, the power of the presidency is strengthened. Why? ... iron triangle A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group Why is the personal popularity of the president important ... What does the electoral college's winner take all election system encourage, reduce, allow, or discourage? ... pocket veto a means by which the president can reject a bill, when Congress is not in session, by not signing it. Reprieve
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general elections for all national, state, and local offices must be held in November. T or F 6 answers QUESTION Concept that people change as they grow older because of age-specific experiences and thus are likely to hold age-specific attitudes. 5 answers QUESTION According to your Governing CA text, the elitist theory suggests that 2 answers QUESTION -Who is media coverage of politics most likely to affect? 4 answers What is the relationship between the president and the media quizlet?The press is very important to the president because it is the principal intermediary between the president and the public, and relations with the press are an important aspect of the president's efforts to lead public opinion.
How has the relationship between the mass media and government changed over time quizlet?How has the relationship between the mass media and government changed over time? Digital media has made stories happen faster, forcing the government to react more quickly.
How does mass media influence the government quizlet?1. Media improves governance by monitoring the actions of those in power and alerting the public to corruption or abuse of trust. 2) Access to information helps citizens hold their governments accountable. 3) A plural media improves government responsiveness by giving a voice to the vulnerable.
How do presidents control the media quizlet?Spiro Agnew gave a speech in effort to control the media by critiquing and threatening it. First, the media informs the executive branch about current events, including developments in other parts of the government. Second, the media keep executive branch officials attuned to the public's major concerns.
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What is the relationship between the mass media and the executive branch of the US government quizlet?
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