What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for a woman who is at a healthy weight before pregnancy quizlet?

Answer: A, C, D, E

Explanation:
A) The sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, and pubic joints of the pelvis relax in the later part of the pregnancy, presumably as a result of hormonal changes. This often causes a waddling gait.
B) Cervical changes during pregnancy include softening and blue-purple discoloration.
C) By the end of pregnancy, one sixth of the total maternal blood volume is contained within the vascular system of the uterus.
D) Gastric emptying time and intestinal motility are delayed, leading to frequent complaints of bloating and constipation, which can be aggravated by the smooth muscle relaxation and increased electrolyte and water reabsorption in the large intestine.
E) The enlarging uterus may exert pressure on the vena cava when the woman lies supine, causing a drop in blood pressure. This is called the vena caval syndrome, or supine hypotension.

Answer: B

Explanation:
A) Pigmentation of the skin increases in areas already hyperpigmented: areolae, nipples, vulva, perianal area, and linea alba.
B) Striae, or stretch marks, are reddish, wavy, depressed streaks that may occur over the abdomen, breasts, and thighs as pregnancy progresses.
C) A greater percentage of hair follicles go into the dormant phase, resulting in less hair shedding, which is perceived as thickening of the hair.
D) Although bright-red elevations on the skin (vascular spider nevi) are a normal finding, petechiae are not

Answer: C

Explanation:
A) Hearing the fetal heart rate is a positive, or diagnostic, change of pregnancy, so this statement would not indicate the need for further teaching.
B) A positive pregnancy test is a positive, or diagnostic, indication of pregnancy. This statement would not indicate the need for further teaching.
C) Amenorrhea is a subjective, or presumptive, change of pregnancy, and is not a reliable indicator of pregnancy in the early months. This statement requires additional teaching.
D) Increased uterine size is an objective, or probable, change of pregnancy.

Answer: D

Explanation:
A) This is inappropriate for the nurse say.
B) This is an inappropriate comment for the nurse to make.
C) The partner's feelings are not indicative of psychological pathology.
D) Initially, expectant fathers may have ambivalent feelings. The extent of ambivalence depends on many factors, including the father's relationship with his partner, his previous experience with pregnancy, his age, his economic stability, and whether the pregnancy was planned. The expectant father must first deal with the reality of the pregnancy and then struggle to gain recognition as a parent from his partner, family, friends, coworkers, society-and from his baby as well.

All options are correct.

To improve her chances of conceiving a healthy baby, a woman should attain a healthy weight, get adequate folic acid, and moderate fish and caffeine consumption. A woman who is underweight, overweight, or consumes high amounts of caffeine daily may have a harder time getting pregnant. Consuming adequate folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects in infants. Women who may become pregnant should avoid certain fish, such as swordfish, king mackerel, and shark, which may contain high amounts of methylmercury, a toxin that can harm the nervous system of the developing fetus.

The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is associated with miscarriages, premature labor, low birth weight, developmental problems, and even infant death. Meat and dairy foods are most likely to be contaminated, including deli-style luncheon meats as well as soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. Pregnant women should avoid foods known to cause Listeria infection.

Staphylococcus aureus causes severe nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The bacterium Clostridium botulinum can lead to a fatal disease called botulism.

Trichinella spiralis causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and aching joints and muscles.

All options are correct.

Pregnant women who don't eat a balanced diet may not get enough copper, zinc, iron, folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D. A woman's needs for many nutrients, including folate, iron, zinc, copper, and calcium, increase up to 50 percent during pregnancy. Most prenatal supplements have higher levels of folic acid, iron, zinc, and calcium than regular supplements and may be a suitable choice for women who are at risk of not meeting their nutrient needs.

Two potential complications of pregnancy that must be closely monitored by a health care provider are gestational diabetes and hypertension. Gestational diabetes increases the risk of the baby being larger than normal and of birth trauma. If left untreated, maternal hypertension can progress to preeclampsia, which increases the risk of low-birth-weight babies, premature birth, and stillbirth. Moreover, preeclampsia can lead to eclampsia, which can cause seizures in the mother and is a major cause of death of women during pregnancy.

Cravings, morning sickness, constipation, and heartburn can all occur during pregnancy, but these symptoms are not considered serious unless they are severe. Weight gain and exercise are not complications of pregnancy.

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman who is at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant?

What is the recommended amount of total weight gain for a woman with a pre pregnancy BMI of 22?