Why Is Socialization Important Around the Globe? Socialization is also
essential for the survival and stability of society. Members of a society must be socialized to support and maintain the existing social structure. From a functionalist perspective. individual conformity to existing norms is not taken for granted rather. basic individual needs and desires must be balanced against the needs of the social structure. The socialization process is most effective when people conform to the norms of society because they believe
that this is the best course of action. Socialization enables a society to "reproduce" it self by passing on its culture from one generation to the next. Although the techniques used to teach newcomers the beliefs. values, and rules of behavior are somewhat similar in many nations, the content of socialization differs greatly from society to society. How people walk. talk. eat. make love. and wage war are all functions of the culture in which they are
raised. At the same time, we are also influenced by our exposure to subcultures of class, race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. In addition, each of us has unique experiences in our families and friendship groupings. The kind of human being that we become depends greatly on the particular society and social groups that surround is birth and during early childhood. What we believe about ourselves, our society. and the world does not spring full-blown
from inside ourselves; rather. we earn these things from our interactions with others. Presentation on theme: "Ch. 4 Socialization Socialization is the lifelong process of interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and."— Presentation transcript: 1 Ch. 4 Socialization Socialization is the lifelong process of interaction through which individuals acquire a
self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. Nature vs. Nurture Every human being is a product of biology (genetics or nature), society (environment or nurture), and personal experiences. Sociology focuses on how humans design their own culture and transmit it from generation to generation through socialization. Sociobiology is the systemic study of how biology affects social behaviour.
Except for simple reflexes, most human actions are influenced socially. 2 Social Isolation and Maltreatment 3 Agents of
Socialization
4 Symbolic Interactionist theory focuses on the mutual dynamics of relationships within the family. 5 Peers Peer group is a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and
(usually) similar age. Contribute to feeling of belonging and feelings of self-worth. More important for children and adolescents. Individuals must earn acceptance with their peers by meeting the group’s demands (peer pressure) Mass Media Mass media (TV, internet, radio) acts as a socializing agent by informing us about events, people, products, viewpoints on current issues, and entertaining us .
6 Sociological Theories of Human Development
7 Prepatory stage – up to 3 yrs old, children imitate people around them
8 Symbolic Interactionist theorists emphasize that children are active and creative agents of socialization. Corsaro’s orb web model illustrates that children’s
cultural knowledge reflects the adult world but also their own peer culture. He believes the peer group is the most significant for children. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective emphasizes the impact of culture on human development. The 4 systems are: Microsystem: face-to-face interaction between child and family. Mesosystem: child’s interactions with family are influenced by other family interactions. Exosytem: family members may be
influenced by other settings. Macrosystem: interaction with child affected by all components in larger society. 9 Social Psychological Theories of Human Development
10 Erikson identified 8 psychosocial stages of development, each has a potential crises that involves transitions in
social relationships. Trust vs Mistrust (birth to age 1). Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3 yrs). Initiative vs Guilt (3-5 yrs). Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yrs). Identifty vs. Role Confusion (12-18 yrs). Intimacy vs Isolation (18-35 yrs). Generativity vs Self Absorption (35-55 yrs). Integrity vs Despair (maturity and old age). Focuses on development through entire lifecycle.
Shows the conflict that arises from social factors and how positive resolution results in positive development. 11 Piaget believed that cognitive development (how we think) passes through 4 stages, each organized around specific tasks, which form the basis for the next level. Children must move through each stage, but some move through at a faster speed.
Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) – children understand the world through their senses. Preoperational stage (2-7) – children begin to use words and develop mental images. Concrete Operational stage (7-11) – children think in term of tangible objects and actual events; they draw conclusions without acting it out. Formal Operational stage (age 12 through adolescence) – can think about abstract items, think about the future and evaluate different
options. Piaget believed that cognitive development (how we think) passes through 4 stages, each organized around specific tasks, which form the basis for the next level. Children must move through stage, but some move through at a faster speed. Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) – children understand the world through their senses. Preoperational stage (2-7) – children begin to use words and develop mental images. Concrete Operational stage
(7-11) – children think in term of tangible objects and actual events; they draw conclusions without acting it out. Formal Operational stage (age 12 through adolescence) – can think about abstract items, think about the future and evaluate different options. 12
Kohlberg and the Stages of Moral Development 13 Carol Gilligan’s Views on Gender and Moral Development
14 Gender and Racial-Ethnic Socialization
15 Socialization Through the Life Course 16 Adolescence Buffer between childhood and adulthood.
Without specific rites of passages teens have to create their own steps to adulthood. Conflict with authority figures which causes emotional and social turmoil. Experiences vary according to class, gender, and ethnicity. Adolescence may be extended for upper-middle-class and upper-class teens. Adulthood More freedom of choice. Working towards goals related to relationships and work. Workplace
socialization one of the most important. Wilbert Moore divides it into 4 phases: career choice; anticipatory socialization; conditioning and commitment; continuous commitment. Between 40 to 60, people reflect on their goal achievements. Social devaluation occurs in later life when people are not as physically capable.
17 Voluntary Resocialization – enter of our own free will. Is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical mental and social skills needed for survival in society quizlet?socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for survival in society.
What do we call the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals internalize values learn norms and develop identities?Socialization is the process through which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms and appropriate actions of their community (1). Socialization begins by learning the norms and roles of the family, subcultures and self-concept, and continues throughout a person's whole life.
Is the process of social interaction through which individuals learn and acquire culture?Socialization is the process through which individuals learn their culture and become fully human. Unfortunate examples of extreme human isolation illustrate the importance of socialization for children's social and cognitive development.
What is the process of socialization How is it a lifelong process?Socialization refers to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies that provide an individual with the skills necessary for participating within society. Socialization is a process that continues throughout an individual's life.
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