What is one reason why incumbent senators lose more often than incumbent House members quizlet?

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  1. Social Science
  2. Political Science
  3. Politics of the United States

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Terms in this set (22)

Congress's Constitutional Home

Article I of the Constitution of the USS is the principal source of law concerning the United States Congress.

Structure of Congress

-Bicameral (two chambers)
-Partisan
-House: 435 members, one or more per state [plus delegates from DC, Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Isalnds, Guam, American Somoa; resident commissioner from Puerto Rico (4 yr. term)
-Senate: two members per state (now 100)
-Leadership: constitutional, chamber rules, party
-Committees: House-20 Senate-16

Functions of Congress

-Making public policy
-Representation
-Oversight

Particular Duties of Each Chamber

HOUSE:
-Originate revenue legislation.
-Impeach wayward civil officers of the U.S.

SENATE:
-Approve presidential appointments (exec and jud)
-Ratify treaties
-Try impeached officers

Senate Leaders

President of the Senate: VP of US Joseph Biden
President Pro Tempore: Daniel Inouye (D-HI)
Majority Leader: Harry Reid (D-NV)
Majority Whip: Richard Durbin (D-IL)
Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell (R-KY)
Minority Whip: Jon Kyl (R-AZ)

know the names and offices held

House Leaders

Speaker of the House: John Boehner (R-OH 8)
Majority Leader: Eric Cantor (R-VA 7)
Minority Whip: Kevin McCarthy (R-CA 22)
Republican Conference Chair: Jeb Hensarling (R-TX 5)
Minority Leader: Nancy Pelsoi (D-CA 8)
Minority Whip: Steny Hoyer (D-MD 5)
Asst. Minority Leader: James Clyburn (D-SC 6)
Democratic Caucus Chair: John Larson (D-CT 1)

Congressional Demographics

Look over slide
More house repub. 242, 193 dem.
More senate dem 51, 47 reb
More dem girls in house and senate, 50 and 12.

Congressional Elections

-Every two years all House seats and one-third of Senate seats are up.
-The election is on the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday of even-numbered years (11/6/12)
-Incumbency effect: about 90-95% of House members, and 67-75% of Senate members seeking re-election win.
-Reasons for incumbency effect: name recognition casework, pork, franking privilege, fund-raising advantage, redistricting/ gerrymandering impact.

A Congressional Elections

-Voters have little regard for Congress as an institution-approval rates are rountine less than 20% ; currently all time low- 10% in Feb 2012, 12% in March 2012....
-Voters generally have high regard for the particular members of Congress, which causes them to support incumbents' reelection bids.

Why Incumbents lose

-Scandal (House banking scandal 1992, Ted Steven 2008-corruption charges)
-Redistricting changes constituency
-Bad economic times
-Disaffection with particular national policies and circumstances (Iraq 2006; various matters 2010)
-Incumbent loses touches with constituents

Incumbents: House vs. Senate

Why Senate Incumbents Win Re-election less often than Do House Incumbents?

-Senate terms are longer, so senators build up less name recognition through frequent elections; also grow isolated from constituents
-Challengers in Senate elections are better candidates: more experienced, better known, better funded.
-Senate constituencies are larger and more diverse, giving challengers a larger base

Congressional Calendar

-Elections held in even-number years
-Newly elected/re-elected members take office in January of odd-numbered years
-A new Congress convenes in January of odd-numbered years
-A Congress consists of two sessions, one for each year of the Congress
-We are currently in the Second Session of the 112th Congress

Congress's Agenda

Sources of potential legislation include:
-Long-standing concerns: taxes
-Technological change: stem cell research
-Event: hurricane; invasion of another nation.
-Presidential initiative: No Child Left Behind
-Congressional leaders/members: McClellan Kerr Waterway
-Interest groups: firearms legislation

The Path of Legislation

Introduction > Assigned to committee > Assigned to subcommittee

-Subcommittee may hold hearings; bill is modified or revised; if passed is sent to full committee
-Bill approved by full committee is reported to entire chamber.
-Chamber may debate, amend, and pass or defeat.

The House Rules Committee

-Bills coming out of House committees go first to the House Rules Committee
-Rules Committee attaches a "rule" to the bill that governs floor debate.
-On major legislation, rules can be complex.
-Senate does not have a comparable committee.

The Path Continues

-Once a bill is passed by one chamber, it is sent to the other for consideration.
-Passage by the other chamber and transmission to the second chamber constitutes introduction in the second chamber.
-Similar bills may be introduced and considered by both chambers simultaneously.

The Path Concludes

Senate and House versions of similar but different bills have to be reconciled by conference committee (both chamber must pass a bill in identical form)
-Compromise version has to go to both houses for a vote.
-If both chambers approve, bill goes to the President.

The President Responds

-The President may sign the bill, allow it to become law without his signature after 10 days, or veto the bill (reject the entire bill; partial vetoes-line item vetoes-not permitted)
-A veto may be overridden by a 2/3 vote of each chamber of Congress (the initiating chamber votes first)
-If Congress adjourns before 10 days are up and the President does not sign the bill, the bill dies (this is a "pocket veto")

Congressional Committees

Committee Types
-Standing: a permanent committee that specializes in a particular policy area (taxes, education, banking, etc)
-Joint: a committee made up of members from both the House and the Senate
-Conference: a temporary joint committee created to work out differences between the House and Senate versions of a specific piece of legislation.
-Select: a temporary congressional committee created for a specific purpose and disbanded after that purpose is fulfilled.

Members' Committee Assignments

-Majority party gets most comt. seats
-Members seek cmtes. that enable them to serve their constituents
-Seniority is another factor in assignments
-Usually the senior comte member from the majority party chairs the cmte.
-House members get 2 cmtes, 3 rarely.
-Senate members get 3-4 comtes.
-Chamber party leaders influence seat assignments for their members.

Representation

-Delegate-do what constituents want
-Trustee-use best judgement
-District orientation-take care of your constituency
-National orientation-do what is best for nation even if constituents do not agree.

Influences on Congressional Decision making

-Constituents
-Party
-Staff
-Lobbyists
-The President (especially if from same party as the member of Congress)
-Trusted colleagues (especially if on committee reporting the bill)
-Personal experience.

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Why do incumbents lose elections quizlet?

2)Incumbents may lose supporters if the boundaries of their districts change. An incumbent would have to fight against another incumbent, or it might split the district of an incumbent's of a minority party to make that district more competitive.

Why are incumbent House members usually reelected quizlet?

Why do incumbents often win re-election? Several factors make it more likely that someone already in office will be returned to that office in a reelection bid: Stronger name recognition: Having run for election before and served in government, incumbents tend to be better known than challengers are.

What percentage of incumbents typically wins reelection quizlet?

incumbents usually win. Not only do more than 90 percent of the incumbents seeking reelection to the House of Representatives win, but most of them win with more than 60 percent of the vote. Even when challengers' positions on the issues are closer to the voters' positions, incumbents still tend to win.

What is the incumbency effect quizlet?

Incumbency Effect. the tendency of those already holding office to win reelection- tends to be stronger for the house members rather than the senate.