What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood of a response occurring again?

An operant response is a behavior that is modifiable by its consequences. When behavior is modified by its consequences, the probability of that behavior occurring again may either increase (in the case of reinforcement) or decrease (in the case of punishment).

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What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?
What decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur again?
What is the decrease in the conditioned response?
Which of the following decreases the likelihood that a response will recur?

For example, speeding through a red light may lead to getting struck broadside by another vehicle. If this consequence follows such a response, then the likelihood of a person's responding in the same way under similar conditions should drop significantly.

It is also possible for temporal or topographical properties of behavior to be modified by reinforcement (in the case of response differentiation).

Quotations

Free Operant

Once an operant response occurs, it may be "free" or available to occur again without obstacle or delay. This would be the case, for example, of someone picking up a stone from a rocky beach and skipping it across the water.

Other operants are only available for very limited periods of time and cannot be freely repeated. This would be the case, for example, of someone wishing their friend a happy birthday.

Operant Level

Operant behaviors occur at some base rate prior to reinforcement. This unconditioned level of responding is called the operant level.

The operant level is one of a number of ways (like the yoked control) in which we can determine whether or not changes in the occurrence of the operant response are due to the prevailing contingencies of reinforcement.

Glossary Index

A	B
Classical conditioning	a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus
Neutral stimulus	a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of the unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus	an event that elicits a certain predictable response without precious training
Unconditioned response	an organisms automatic reaction to a stimulus
Conditioned stimulus	- a once neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response	a response elicited by the conditioned stimulus it is similar to the unconditioned response but not identical in magnitude or amount
Generalization	in classical conditioning the tendency for a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response
Discrimination	the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli the unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnic group, age, gender or membership in another category rather than on the basis of individual
Extinction	in classical conditioning the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response because other reinforcement is withheld or because the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
Operant conditioning	a form of learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in the likelihood those similar actions will never occur again
Reinforcement	a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated
Primary reinforcer	a stimulus such as food or water that is naturally rewarding and satisfying and requires no learning on the part of the subject to become pleasurable
Secondary reinforcer	a stimulus such as money that becomes rewarding through its link with a primary reinforcer
Fixed-ratio schedule	a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before a response will elicit reinforcement
Variable interval schedule	a pattern of reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained each time
Shaping	technique of operant conditioning in which the desired behavior is molded by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward
Response chain	the learned reactions that follow one another in sequence each reaction producing the signal for the next
Aversive control	process of influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli
Negative reinforcement	increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs
Escape conditioning	the training of an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus
Avoidance conditioning	the training of an organism to withdraw from or prevent an unpleasant stimulus before it starts
Social learning	form of learning in which the organism observes, explores, and imitates the behavior of others
Cognitive learning	a form of learning that involves mental processes and may result from observation or imitation
Cognitive map	a mental picture of spatial relationships or relationships between events
Latent learning	learning that is not demonstrated by an immediate, observable change In behavior
Learned helplessness	a condition in which repeated attempts to control or influence a situation fail resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable and that any effort to cope will fail
Modeling	the process of learning behavior through observation and imitation of others; copying behavior
Behavior modification	a systematic application of learning principles to change peoples actions and feelings
Token economy	form of conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects or points that can be accumulated and exchanged for privileges or other rewards

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Punishment occurs when a stimulus delivered to an organism decreases the rate, or probability, of a response that preceded it.

What decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur again?

Punishment. As a reminder, punishment is a consequence that immediately follows a behavior and decreases the future likelihood of the behavior. As with reinforcement, there are two types of punishment: positive and negative.

What is the decrease in the conditioned response?

Extinction is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following decreases the likelihood that a response will recur?

The correct answer is: c) positive punishment. Positive punishment is used to decrease an undesired response by adding something undesirable to their life. The answer is not b) response cost or d) negative punishment because response cost is a type of negative punishment.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood of a response occurring again?

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

What decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur again?

What is the decrease in the conditioned response?

Which of the following decreases the likelihood that a response will recur?

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