The stage characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore.

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What is characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore?
Which style of parenting involves parents making few demands and rarely use punishment?
Is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the surroundings?
Which parenting style would bring about a child who is withdrawn?

accommodationadjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already knownadolescenceperiod of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthoodadrenarchematuring of the adrenal glandsadvance directivea written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants (see living will)assimilationadjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already knownattachmentlong-standing connection or bond with others authoritarian parenting styleparents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the childauthoritative parenting styleparents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of viewavoidant attachmentcharacterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

cephalocaudal development
pattern of growth from the head down; also referred to as development from head to toe

cognitive developmentdomain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativitycognitive empathyability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for othersconceptionwhen a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygoteconcrete operational stagethird stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from about 7 to 11 years old, children can think logically about real (concrete) eventsconservationidea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removedcontinuous developmentview that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skillscritical (sensitive) periodtime during fetal growth when specific parts or organs developdevelopmental milestoneapproximate ages at which children reach specific normative eventsdiscontinuous developmentview that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or agesdisorganized attachmentcharacterized by the child’s odd behaviour when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abuseddo not resuscitate (DNR)a legal document stating that if a person stops breathing their heart stops, medical personnel such as doctors and nurses are not to take steps to revive or resuscitate the patientegocentrismpreoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of othersembryomulti-cellular organism in its early stages of developmentemerging adulthoodnewly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a familyfine motor skillsuse of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actionsformal operational stagefinal stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situationsgonadarchematuring of the sex glandsgross motor skillsuse of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movementshealth care proxya legal document that appoints a specific person to make medical decisions for a patient if they are unable to speak for themselveshospiceservice that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital settingintergenerational traumatrauma that is so significant, it impacts not only the Survivors, but subsequent generations (e.g., children and grandchildren)living willa written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants; may include health care proxymenarchebeginning of menstrual period; around 12–13 years oldmitosisprocess of cell divisionmotor skillsability to move our body and manipulate objectsnaturegenes and biologynewborn reflexesinborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born withnormative approachstudy of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestonesnurtureenvironment and cultureobject permanenceidea that even if something is out of sight, it still existspermissive parenting styleparents make few demands and rarely use punishmentphysical developmentdomain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellnessplacentastructure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing babyprenatal caremedical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetuspreoperational stagesecond stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from ages 2 to 7, children learn to use symbols and language but do not understand mental operations and often think illogicallyprimary sexual characteristicsorgans specifically needed for reproduction

proximodistal development
tendency for growth to start in the centre of the body and move outwards to the extremities

psychosexual developmentprocess proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life psychosocial developmentdomain of lifespan development that examines emotions, personality, and social relationshipspsychosocial developmentprocess proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life from infancy to adulthoodresistant attachmentcharacterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behaviour and rejection of the parent when the parent attempts to interact with the childreversibilityprinciple that objects can be changed, but then returned back to their original form or conditionschema(plural = schemata) concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret informationsecondary sexual characteristicsphysical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organssecure attachmentcharacterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to exploresecure baseparental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as they explores their surroundingssensorimotor stagefirst stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from birth through age 2, a child learns about the world through senses and motor behavioursocioemotional selectivity theorysocial support/friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in earlier yearsspermarchefirst penile ejaculationstage of moral reasoningprocess proposed by Kohlberg; humans move through three stages of moral developmenttemperamentinnate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environmentteratogenbiological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetusuninvolved parenting styleparents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demandszygotestructure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta

What is characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore?

The most common type of attachment—also considered the healthiest—is called secure attachment (Figure 5). In this type of attachment, the toddler prefers his parent over a stranger. The attachment figure is used as a secure base to explore the environment and is sought out in times of stress.

Which style of parenting involves parents making few demands and rarely use punishment?

Permissive parenting is sometimes known as indulgent parenting. Parents who exhibit this style make relatively few demands on their children. Because these parents have low expectations for self-control and maturity, discipline is a rarity.

Is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the surroundings?

A secure base is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings.

Which parenting style would bring about a child who is withdrawn?

Parenting Styles and Culture In contrast to the authoritative style, authoritarian parents probably would not relax bedtime rules during a vacation because they consider the rules to be set, and they expect obedience. This style can create anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy kids.

The stage characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore.

What is characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore?

Which style of parenting involves parents making few demands and rarely use punishment?

Is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the surroundings?

Which parenting style would bring about a child who is withdrawn?

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