How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges quizlet?

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Terms in this set (20)

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities?

a. They were seeking husbands.
b. Farming was increasingly male work due to mechanization.
c. They were fleeing their strict upbringings for the freedom of the cities.
d. Greater availability of beer in rural areas had led to more wife-beating by husbands.
e. They were turning their backs on a way of life that demanded their labor for subsistence tasks

b. Farming was increasingly male work due to mechanization.

Who were the "new immigrants" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920?

a. Scandinavians and Germans
b. Irish
c. English, Scottish, and Welsh
d. Chinese and Koreans
e. Southern and eastern Europeans

e. Southern and eastern Europeans

In 1890, approximately what portion of the population of greater New York had been born abroad or were children of foreign parents?

a. One out of five
b. Almost one-third
c. Approximately one-half
d. Four out of five
e. Five percent

d. Four out of five

Which statement best represents urban residential patterns among ethnic groups?

a. Immigrants preferred to mix with the general population in order to assimilate more quickly into American culture.
b. Immigrants tended to live in shabby tenements until they could afford better housing.
c. Religion was the primary factor in ethnic residential patterns because immigrants congregated around their churches.
d. Common language was the primary factor in ethnic residential patterns, regardless of national origin.
e. Immigrants tried to blot out their memories of the Old Country by living among different kinds of people.

b. Immigrants tended to live in shabby tenements until they could afford better housing.

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19th century.

a. While Atlantic seaboard cities like New York and Boston grew dramatically, interior cities like Cincinnati did not.
b. The population of American cities grew on average 25 percent between the Civil War and 1900.
c. Urban areas remained about the same size as people tried to stay in more rural communities.
d. Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent.
e. City managers carefully planned and monitored urban growth before 1900

d. Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

a. It helped poor immigrants settle on western homesteads to relieve urban overcrowding.
b. It helped the urban poor purchase their own homes because of the belief that owning private property leads to the adoption of middle-class values.
c. It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.
d. It was not being concerned about the urban poor's propensity for drinking and gambling.
e. It tried to keep immigrants "settled" indoors until they could behave like Americans.

c. It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.

During the 1880s and 1890s, which new obligation was added to the traditional middle-class woman's role as director of the household?

a. She had to cultivate her special maternal gifts, especially her sensitivity toward children and her aptitude for religion.
b. She had to seek outlets for her creative energies outside the home.
c. She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement.
d. She had to foster a home environment which would encourage her husband to share both his breadwinning duties and her homemaking duties
e. She had to be the moral beacon shining light across a sea of male decadence

c. She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement.

What major change took place during the late nineteenth century in the teaching of medicine, architecture, engineering, and law?

a. College faculties were purged of anyone who was not a native-born American.
b. Colleges refused to train these professionals because the American public had demonstrated strong prejudice against them.
c. Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.
d. State boards of education agreed that training for such professions would best be accomplished at European universities.
e. Admissions standards dropped as the professions tried to compete with the higher-paying business world.

c. Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.

How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges?

a. They stressed the importance of teaching the classical subjects like Latin and Greek.
b. They focused on teaching science and math.
c. They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research.
d. They made conscientious efforts to have both male and female students.
e. They included health-related courses like physical education and sex education.

c. They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research.

Which of the following is not an example of the impact of the department store?

a. It overcame middle- and upper-class reluctance to spend.
b. It made shopping an adventure.
c. It functioned as a kind of social club and home away from home for comfortably fixed women.
d. It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually.
e. It set the standard for consumption.

d. It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually.

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century?

a. Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited.
b. Working-class Americans viewed leisure activity as a method of rising to middle-class status.
c. American employers were increasingly emphasizing leisure and relaxation as a method of keeping their work force happy and healthy.
d. Leisure-time activities brought Americans of all ethnicities together and therefore contributed to a process of Americanization that most workers desired.
e. Factory workers were working shorter days and weeks and had more time to play.

a. Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited.

Why was the development of the flush toilet and indoor plumbing so significant?

a. It helped fight the many diseases that flourish in polluted waters.
b. It reduced the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
c. It forced Americans to learn how to conserve water.
d. It increased the attraction of America to immigrants.
e. It limited the spread of malaria.

a. It helped fight the many diseases that flourish in polluted waters.

The Salvation Army was

a. a branch of the military formed to clean up the slums.
b. organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, temporary employment and morality to poor immigrant families.
c. a social-welfare organization based on new ideas of gently persuading the urban poor to adopt middle-class values.
d. organized by urban immigrants to police their own ghettos and improve living conditions.
e. formed to employ military tactics to force poor immigrants out of respectable middle class neighborhoods.

b. organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, temporary employment and morality to poor immigrant families.

In her work against drinking for the Women's Christian Temperance Union, Frances Willard

a. headed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that pursued various reform issues.
b. became the first woman to run for president.
c. campaigned on behalf of Christianity being declared the state religion of the United States.
d. fought against racial discrimination but supported gender segregation.
e. chaired the National Woman's Suffrage Party and fought for a woman's right to vote.

a. headed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that pursued various reform issues.

In the late 19th century, John L. Sullivan represented America's love affair with

a. boxing.
b. cycling.
c. football.
d. basketball.
e. racing.

a. boxing.

Which of the following is not evidence that public education in the late-nineteenth-century United States had become entangled in ethnic and class differences?

a. The proliferation of private and parochial schools
b. The controversy over compulsory education
c. The debates over classroom decorum
d. The efforts to wrest control of schools from neighborhood leaders
e. New educational theories that stressed decentralized administration, repealed compulsory attendance, and de-emphasized white European conventions such as punctuality.

e. New educational theories that stressed decentralized administration, repealed compulsory attendance, and de-emphasized white European conventions such as punctuality.

Economist Thorstein Veblen used the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe

a. Women's frivolous purchases at the new department stores
b. The excessive materialism of the wealthy and the widening gap between workers and the wealthy
c. The themes of some of the new popular literature
d. The rise of vaudeville and new forms of leisure
e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

What was the key to Hull House's success in its anti-poverty mission?

a. Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced.
b. A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control.
c. Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery.
d. All of these choices
e. None of these choices

d. All of these choices

What is the difference between tenements and ghettos?

a. Tenements were homes where three or four families would live together; ghettos were neighborhoods where tenements were located.
b. Tenements were apartment buildings where immigrants clustered; ghettos occurred when residents of tenements were prevented by law or social pressure from renting somewhere else.
c. Tenements were overcrowded apartment buildings with few services; ghettos were neighborhoods where blacks lived.
d. Tenements were community centers where settlement workers provided services to t he urban poor; ghettos were the neighborhoods where the urban poor lived.
e. All of these choices

b. Tenements were apartment buildings where immigrants clustered; ghettos occurred when residents of tenements were prevented by law or social pressure from renting somewhere else.

Which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw about the ways in which immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society?

a. Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.
b. Immigrants had little desire to become Americanized.
c. Immigrants came to the United States to try to become like Americans.
d. Immigrants were ashamed of their native culture.
e. The dominant American culture made assimilation impossible

a. Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.

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