What Is a Bill of Lading?A bill of lading (BL or BoL) is a legal document issued by a carrier (transportation company) to a shipper that details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. A bill of lading also serves as a shipment receipt when the carrier delivers the goods at a predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped products, no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative from the carrier, shipper, and receiver. Show
Key Takeaways
Bill of LadingUnderstanding Bills of LadingThe bill of lading is a legally binding document that provides the carrier and the shipper with all of the necessary details to accurately process a shipment. It has three main functions:
As an example, a logistics company intends to transport, via heavy truck, gasoline from a plant in Texas (shipper) to a gas station in Arizona (recipient). A plant representative and the driver sign the bill of lading after loading the gas on the truck. Once the carrier delivers the fuel to the gas station in Arizona, the truck driver requests that the station clerk also sign the document. Every business needs to have internal controls in place to prevent theft. One key component of internal control is the segregation of duties, which prevents one employee from having too much control within a business. No two internal controls systems are the same. However, most follow a standard set of core philosophies that have become standard management practices. Implementing internal controls can help streamline operations and prevent fraud. A bill of lading is one of several key documents that must be properly managed and reviewed to prevent asset theft. Types of Bills of LadingThere are several types of bills of lading. Some of the most common include:
Choosing the appropriate bill of lading is essential. For example, doing so can either prevent delivery delays or help locate goods that get lost during transport. Bill of Lading ExampleAssume, for example, that XYZ Fine Dining receives shipments of fresh meat and fish five times a week. The restaurant manager determines the type and amount of meat and fish that the restaurant needs to order. They then fill out a purchase order (PO), and XYZ’s owner reviews and initials each PO before it is emailed to the food vendor. The vendor gathers the meat and fish and signs a bill of lading along with a representative from the overnight carrier. Next, the carrier delivers the food to the restaurant, and the manager compares the information on the bill of lading to what was requested on the PO. If the information matches, the PO and the bill of lading are sent to the owner, who reviews the documents and writes a check payable to the food vendor. In this example, the owner does not issue a check to the vendor without reviewing the purchase order and the bill of lading. This step ensures that XYZ pays only for what it ordered and received. If the two documents do not match when the restaurant manager compares them, the manager will ask the vendor about the exception. A third employee reconciles the bank statement and makes company deposits. All of these steps must be in place to prevent theft. Why is a bill of lading important?The importance of a bill of lading lies in the fact that it’s a legally binding document that provides the carrier and the shipper with all of the necessary details to accurately process a shipment. This implies that it can be used in litigation if the need should arise and that all parties involved will take great pains to ensure the accuracy of the document. Essentially, a bill of lading works as undisputed proof of shipment. Furthermore, a bill of lading allows for the segregation of duties that is a vital part of a firm’s internal control structure to prevent theft. What is the purpose of a bill of lading?A bill of lading has three main purposes. First, it is a document of title to the goods described in the bill of lading. Second, it is a receipt for the shipped products. Finally, it represents the agreed terms and conditions for the transportation of the goods. What is in a bill of lading?Typically, a bill of lading will include the names and addresses of the shipper (consignor) and the receiver (consignee), shipment date, quantity, exact weight, value, and freight classification. Also included are a complete description of the items, including whether they’re classified as hazardous; type of packaging used; any specific instructions for the carrier; and any special order tracking numbers. What is a bill of lading vs. an invoice?A bill of lading is a legal document between a shipper and a transport company (carrier) that spells out the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being transported. An invoice tracks the sale of goods between a buyer and a seller. The Bottom LineA bill of lading is a contract issued by a transport company to a shipper that spells out the quantity, type, and destination of the goods being shipped. It serves as a receipt of the shipment and can help prevent the theft of goods being transported. It’s crucial to understand the different types of bills of lading to ensure that the right ones are chosen. If not, your shipment will likely be delayed. What is the responsibility of the auditor during an inventory count?The primary objective of an auditor's attendance at the inventory count of a limited liability company is to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence regarding the existence and condition of inventory.
Why does the auditor perform inventory test counts and trace these items to the inventory records?Inventory audits check to ensure that financial records match a company's inventory records and that those records align with a physical inventory count.
Which of the following procedures carried out at an inventory count by an auditor is a test primarily for overstatement of inventory?7 Which of the following procedures carried out at an inventory count by an auditor is a test primarily for overstatement of inventory? A Ensure completeness of sequence of pre-numbered inventory sheets at the conclusion of the count.
What is inventory audit report?The Inventory Audit Report enables you to track inventory changes resulting from the execution of tasks in the warehouse. This report helps you track changes to item or location inventory, inventory changes done by a user, or a combination of these.
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