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Distribution Channels and Physical Distribution
Distribution Channels and Physical Distribution
Retailing and Wholesaling
The Value of Retailing
-Producers and Consumers meet through retailing actions
- retailing creates customer value and has a significant impact on the economy
- to Consumers, the value of retailing is in the form of utilities provided
- retellings economic value is represented by the people employed in retailing as well as
by the total amount of money exchanged in retail sales
-Consumer Utilities Offered by Retailing
-The utilities provided by retailers create value for consumers
- time, place, form, and possession utilities are offered by most retailers in
varying degrees
-The Global Economic Impact of Retailing
-Five of the 40 largest businesses in the United States are retailers (Walmart,
Costco, the Home Depot, Target, and Lowe's)
- outside the United States large retailers include Aeon and Japan, Carrefour in
France, Metro Group in Germany, and Tesco in Britain
-Most International markets are dominated by local retailers
Classifying Retail Outlets
-Form of ownership: distinguishes retail outlets based on whether independent retailers,
corporate chains, or Contractual systems on the outlet
- level of service: used to describe the degree of service provided to the customer
- three levels of service are provided by self, limited, and full service retailers
- merchandise line: describes how many different types of products a store carries and in
what assortment
- retail outlets are also evaluated in terms of their environmentally friendly, or green,
activities, in addition to their level of service and merchandise line
-Form of Ownership
-Independent Retailer
-One of the most common forms of retail ownership
- account for most of the 3.7 million retail establishments in the United
States and include hardware stores, convenience stores, clothing stores,
and electronics stores
- Advantage: the owner is the boss
- for customers, the independent store can offer convenience, personal
service, and lifestyle compatibility
-Corporate Chain
-Involves multiple Outlets under common ownership
- centralization and decision-making and purchasing is common
- have advantages and dealing with manufacturers, particularly as the size
of the chain grows