Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
Questions
- The word “psychology’ comes from:
a. Latin
b. Spanish
c. Greek
d. Italian - Psychology is defined as the scientific study of:
a. people and things
b. emotions and beliefs
c. perception and religion
d. mind and behaviour - The scientific approach is more useful at answering
questions about ______ than questions about ______.
a. facts, values
b. ideas, emotions
c. values, facts
d. emotions, facts - According to the text, the lower level of explanation corresponds to
______ processes.
a. social
b. cultural
c. biological
d. interpersonal - A psychologist exploring the impact of a new drug on activity in the brain is working on the ______ level of
explanation.
a. lower
b. middle
c. upper
d. all of the above - A
psychologist studying what makes people laugh in different countries around the world is working on the ______ level of explanation.
a. lower
b. middle
c. higher
d. none of the above - Different people react differently to the same situation. This is referred to as:
a. multiple determinants
b. nativism
c. the Simpson effect
d. individual differences - ______ is to nature as ______ is to nurture.
a. environment, genes
b. conscious, unconscious
c. inaccuracy, accuracy
d. biology, experience - The term “tabula rasa” highlights the importance of ______ in shaping behaviour.
a. genes
b. experience
c. nature
d. predestination - The Greek philosopher ______ believed that knowledge is acquired through experience and learning.
a. Archimedes
b. Rousseau
c. Plato
d. Aristotle - ______ is to nature as ______ is to nurture.
a. Plato, Aristotle
b. Aristotle, Plato
c. Pliny, Archimedes
d. Stavros, Pliny - ______ is the belief that the mind is fundamentally different from the body.
a. mindism
b. dualism
c. centralism
d. specialism - The school of psychology whose goal was to identify the basic elements of experience was called:
a. experientialism
b. dualism
c. functionalism
d. structuralism - Which of the following was most closely associated with the structuralist school of
psychology?
a. Titchener
b. James
c. Descartes
d. Watson - Darwin’s theory of ______ argued that physiological characteristics evolve because they are useful to the
organism.
a. extreme usefulness
b. natural endowment
c. natural selection
d. natural wellbeing - ______ was to structuralism as ______ was to functionalism.
a. Wundt, Titchener
b. Wundt, James
c. James, Titchener
d. Milner, Thompson - Freud championed ______
psychology.
a. psychodynamic
b. cultural
c. conscious
d. biodynamic - Which school of psychology believes that it is impossible to objectively study the mind?
a. functionalism
b. behaviorism
c. humanism
d. socialism - Receiving an electric shock would be an example of a ______ whereas being frightened would be an example of a ______.
a. stimulus, response
b. punishment, reward
c. reaction, emotion
d. reinforcement, stimulus - Dr
Pula wants to explore differences in child-rearing practices between British and Chinese parents. She is most likely a:
a. cognitive psychologist
b. physiological psychologist
c. cognitive-ergonomic psychologist
d. social-cultural psychologist - Nature is to ________ as nurture is to ________.
a. environment/genes
b. conscious/unconscious
c. genes/environment
d. unconscious/conscious - Freud emphasized the role of ________ in shaping people’s
personality.
a. free will
b. unconscious desires
c. hormones
d. group influence - Evolutionary psychology has its roots in:
a. behaviourism
b. collectivism
c. functionalism
d. structuralism - Most human behaviour:
a. can be easily explained
b. has multiple causes
c. stems from unconscious desires
d. depends on social influence - A forensic psychologist would be most likely to study:
a. the accuracy of eyewitness memory
b. the impact of advertising on shopping behaviour
c. the effect of hormones on decision making
d. gender differences in learning styles - The behaviourists rejected introspection because:
a. it was too slow
b. it invaded people’s privacy
c. it yielded too much data
d. it was too subjective - Another term for reinforcement is:
a. stimulus
b. reward
c. response
d. condition - East Asian cultures tend to be more oriented toward ________ while
Western cultures
tend to be more oriented toward ________.
a. individualism/collectivism
b. collectivism/individualism
c. cultural norms/social norms
d. social norms/cultural norms - Watson and Skinner both contributed to which school of psychology?
a. functionalism
b. cognitive
c. social-cultural
d. behaviourism - Which field of psychology would be most likely to study the influence of
over-crowding on conformity?
a. personality
b. cognitive
c. clinical
d. social
Answers
- c
- d
- a
- c
- a
- c
- d
- d
- b
- d
- a
- b
- d
- a
- c
- b
- a
- b
- a
- d
- c
- b
- c
- b
- a
- d
- b
- b
- d
- d
What psychologist is most likely to study how humans process information?
Cognitive psychologists, sometimes called brain scientists, study how the human brain works — how we think, remember and learn. They apply psychological science to understand how we perceive events and make decisions.
What do psychologists and philosophers mean by the mind brain question?
Mind-brain identity theory is a philosophy that purports the mind and brain are the same. In other words, the state of mind is the same as brain processes; that mental state is the same as the physical state of the brain.
What does psychology study?
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists are actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain functions, and behavior.
What is the name given to data that is based on personal experience?
Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner.