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A ____ is a small group selected by researchers to represent the MOST important characteristics of an entire population?
Sample
Governments and courts legalizing same-sex marriage is an example of government policy?
That shapes public opinion
If given the range of choices below, MOST Americans (until very recently) would probably have classified themselves as?
Moderate
Normally, samples of how many people are considered sufficient for accurately measuring public opinion through the use of surveys?
1,000
Out of the following, which set best describes the important forces in the marketplace of ideas, or, the interplay of opinions and views that takes place as competing forces attempt to persuade as many people as possible to accept a particular position on a particular issue?
Government, news media, private groups
Political and social reform, government intervention in the economy, expansion of government social services and health care, and greater concern for the environment are views that are generally identified as belonging to which political ideology?
Liberal
Studies by political scientists show that?
The average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders
Symbolic of the digital age, President Obama used which platforms for public communications?
Facebook and Twitter
The bandwagon effect occurs when?
Polling results themselves influence people to support the probable victor
The practice of push polling involves...
Asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondent's opinion
The processes through which underlying political beliefs and values are formed are collectively called?
Political socialization
The set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which individuals come to understand and interpret politics is called?
Political idealogy
The term used to denote the beliefs that people have about political issues, events, institutions, and personalities is?
Public opinion
Traditionally, it was held that political attitudes were based in rational factors; recently, however, which of the following has demonstrated significant influence in determining one's political attitudes?
Emotional responses
What is the gender gap?
Political and voting differences between men and women
What is wrong with the following poll question - "Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie so that he could start a war with Iraq?"
Push polling
What was the chief problem with the Gallup pre-election polls that predicted a very close race between presidential candidates Mitt Romney and Barack Obama in the 2012 election?
Selection bias
When using a simple random sample...
Every individual in a population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent
Which group is the MOST influential agent of socialization in early childhood?
Family
Which kind of polling error arises based on the small size of the sample?
Sampling error (margin of error)
Which of the following agents of socialization provides MOST people with their initial orientation to politics?
Family
Which of the following is not a core U.S. value?
Big government
Which of the following statements about education as an agent of political socialization is accurate?
College graduates are more likely than other Americans to be associated with greater involvement in politics
Which of the following would be the MOST important factor in determining the reliability of a poll?
The size of the sample
A libertarian is someone who?
Believes in freedom and voluntary association with small government
Which of the following is not an agent of socialization?
All of the above are agents of socialization; family, social groups, education, and the political environment
Which statement best describes the relationship between public opinion and government policy?
The relationship between government policy and public opinion is dynamic, wherein government policy responds to public opinion but public opinion also shifts based on new government polices
Agents of socialization =
Social institutions, including families and schools, that help to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values
Attitude (or opinion) =
A specific preference on a particular issue
Bandwagon effect =
A shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public-opinion polls report as the front-runner
Conservative =
Those who generally support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulae and economic arrangements; believe a large and powerful govt poses a threat to citizens' freedom
Democracy =
A system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the govt, usually through the election of key public officials
Equality of opportunity =
A widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential
Liberty =
Freedom from govt control
Marketplace of ideas =
The public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete
Selection bias (surveys) =
Polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in overrepresenting or underrepresenting some opinions
Simple random sample (probability sample) =
A method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondant
Social desirability effect =
The effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear, rather than what they believe
Socialist =
Someone who generally believes in social ownership, strong govt, free markets and reducing economic inequality
Values (beliefs) =
Basic principles that shape a person's opinion about political issues and events
Which of the following is NOT a problem that pollsters encounter?
Only getting a 75 percent response rate
How big a sample size is sufficient to have a reasonably accurate poll?
1,500
Which of the following income groups is less likely to express their political opinions?
<20K
Which avenue of political expression is least used?
Attending a protest march
Which of the following income groups is most likely to express their political opinions?
75K+
Which of the following income groups most often contacts a member of Congress?
75K+
In 2014 about _____ of Americans identified themselves as liberal
25%
Given the configuration of ideology in America, which group should presidential candidates appeal to?
Both liberals and conservatives need to appeal to moderate voters
Which group is least populous today?
Liberals
Which statement best characterizes the nature of political ideology over time?
Ideology is stable but does shift over time
According to Ms. Omero, what is the real issue behind online polls?
If there is a representative sample
A self-selective bias occurs when?
People decide to participate in polls based on whether or not they want to give their input
According to Ms. Soltis Anderson, what is the reason that Trump's campaign continues touting the polls?
His brand is all about being a winner
According to the host, who is perpetuating the problem of citing unreliable polls?
News outlets giving their credibility over to un-credible polls
What percentage of Americans earning more than $100,000 reported the government needs to do more to close the income gap?
45%
What was the difference in percentage of Americans earning less than $50,000 and those earning more than $100,000 who reported the government needs to do more to close the income gap?
20%
Which of the following had the lowest percentage of Americans who reported the government needs to do more to close the income gap?
Republicans
Looking at the entire set of results, one can conclude that?
Income inequality is a concern for most Americans
The bandwagon effect has been particularly problematic in?
The presidential nomination process
Those with higher education, income, and occupational status and who are members of social or political organizations are likely to have high?
Political knowledge
Until recently, the classification of "moderate" would have applied to?
Most Americans
What kinds of questions are particularly problematic in relation to the social desirability effect?
Questions about race or gender
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a "scientific" poll?
Representative sample from a sufficiently large population with no selection bias
Which of the following is true of political polarization in the United States?
Party polarization may actually reduce levels of political knowledge
Which of the following is true of the effect of political party membership or loyalty on political orientation?
Partisans tend to rely on party leaders and the media for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues
Which of the following views would a libertarian be likely to hold, even more so than a conservative?
Support for small govt
___ is the interplay of opinions and views that takes place as competing forces attempt to persuade as many people as possible to accept a particular position on a particular issue
The marketplace of ideas
___ refers to a set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about government
Political ideology
The size of the overall population under study is ____ in determining the reliability of a poll
Not important
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