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Terms in this set (58)
Schooling
Formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers
Literacy
The ability to read and write
Dropping out
Quitting school before earning a high school diploma
Functional illiteracy
Inability to read and write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities.
Tracking
The policy of assigning students to different educational programs.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A situation in which people who are defined in a certain way eventually think and act as if the definition were true.
English immersion
Policy of teaching non English speakers in English
Bilingual education
The policy of offering most classes in students' native language while also teaching them English.
Mainstreaming
Integrating students with special needs into overall educational program.
Structural-functional analysis
Smooth operation of modern societies depends on schooling. Teaching a wide range of knowledge and skills to youth people enables them to take their place as productive adults.
Symbolic-interaction analysis
Labels in the schools micro-level look at how individuals experience the school system. Labels play a major part on defining the academic ability of each student.
Social-conflict analysis
Schooling is linked to social inequality in US.
Feminist analysis
Highlights patterns of inequality involving gender. More pay, power, prestige w job more likely for men.
Charter schools
public schools given freedom to try out new policies and programs.
Magnet school
public schools that offer special facilities and programs in pursuit of educational excellence
School voucher program
A program that provides parents with funds they can use at a public or private school of their choice.
Margaret is a school counselor. On the basis of aptitude scores and previous academic grades, she assigns a student to a "vocational" program rather than to another program that is designed for college preparation. Margaret has just engaged in a policy called
tracking
Prior to the civil rights movement, schools in the North were segregated
because most African Americans were forced to live in all-black neighborhoods.
T/F:
Providing child care is one latent function of schooling.
True
Supporters of mainstreaming argue that
students without disabilities learn to interact with people who differ from themselves.
Every state had enacted a law requiring children to attend school by
1918
Which type of schools provides freedom to try out new policies and programs?
charter schools
Doug Downey and his colleagues discovered that U.S. children spend what share of their waking hours in school?
13%
Labels such as "gifted," "average," or "deficient" that are placed on students by schools
may reflect their school work but they also reflect students' social background.
Which of the following nations sends the largest share of its people to college?
USA
The ability to read and write is referred to as
literacy
Symbolic-interaction analysis of education shows us how tracking and other forms of labeling
can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In 1972, Congress passed what Title IX of the Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act, which
bans sex discrimination in education and requires schools receiving federal funding to provide equal programs for male and female students.
What share of undergraduates on U.S. college and university campuses are women?
57%
T/F: Large states such as California and New York have the lowest average teaching salaries in the country.
False
T/F: Research shows that labels such as "gifted" have no effect on the performance of the children to whom the labels are applied.
False
Which concept refers to formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers?
Schooling
According to which political point of view is the solution to the problems in our nation's schools implementing various strategies such as schooling for profit and the use of school vouchers in order to force public schools to become more competitive?
conservative
Which of the following is a latent function of schooling?
providing childcare to working parents
The term "dropping out" refers to
quitting school before earning a high school diploma
A sociological perspective shows that dropping out of school is closely linked with
social position
T/F:
According to social conflict analysis, education helps create an obedient and docile labor force.
True
Which program says, in effect, "You are entitled to use your tax money to school your children wherever you want?"
School vouchers
Compared to 1960, today we find school segregation
is about the same
Which policy requires school officials to severely punish or expel any student who brings a weapon, alcohol, or some other drug to school?
zero tolerance
During the 1960s, many white families moved from the central cities to the suburbs, thereby escaping required school busing programs. This movement out of the city was commonly called
white flight
Every state had enacted a law requiring children to attend school by
1918
In the United States, what share of the population aged twenty-five to sixty-four has a four-year college or university degree?
30%
On the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), for all racial and ethnic categories of people, a higher rate of poverty is linked to
lower performance on a test
About what share of U.S. adults now complete high school?
88%
From which political point of view do schools transform economic inequality into differences in the personal performance of students?
all political positions
The text observes that, as the U.S. economy moved from farming to industry, the responsibility for teaching the young moved from parents to
specially trained teachers
Radicals on the left argue that problems in our schools arise from
basic flaws in economic and politcal structure of society
About how many teaching jobs go unfilled each year in the United States?
400,000
Following social-conflict analysis of education, the fact that our school system socializes all students to be docile, obedient workers and patriotic citizens is one example of schooling's
hidden curriculum
The dropout rate for young people from families with incomes $100,000 and above is less than 3 percent; for those from families with incomes below $25,000, the dropout rate is more than
15%
Labels such as "gifted," "average," or "deficient" that are placed on students by schools
may reflect their school work but they also reflect students' social background
According to which political point of view is the solution to the problems in our nation's schools implementing various strategies such as schooling for profit and the use of school vouchers in order to force public schools to become more competitive?
conservative
According to liberals, the main cause of school problems is
too little funding for public schools and too much inequality of funding among schools.
Which policy directs schools to integrate special students into the overall educational program?
mainstreaming
From which political point of view would someone claim that it is far less costly to pay for good schools today than to pay the costs of dealing with the problems that result from poor schools?
liberal
New York Public School 261, described by Jonathan Kozol as overcrowded, with inadequate heat and air conditioning and no playground, stands out as
having a large minority student population.
In 1954, which decision by the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Constitution, striking down the "separate but equal" standard that dated back to 1896?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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