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Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll that predicted Roosevelt's reelection defeat is true?
The poll oversampled those with higher income.
According to research by Jacobs and Shapiro, politicians use public opinion polls to __________.
shape their messages to the public
Politicians tend to ignore __________.
nonvoters
Which of the following is unconventional political participation?
staging a sit-in
Many of the commercials that air during the nightly news broadcasts of ABC, CBS, and NBC seem to be for various prescription drugs. What is the most plausible explanation for this fact?
The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.
Political protests are often described as __________.
dramatic and unconventional
Which of the following generally increase with age?
political participation and strength of party attachment
How does civil disobedience differ from a protest?
Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.
What are the two broad classifications on political participation?
conventional and unconventional
Conservatives generally favor the __________ sector
private
Why does the United States have a relatively restrained scope of government compared to most European nations?
the predominance of conservatives in the United States
What technique is the key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?
random sampling
Why do seats in the House of Representatives need to be reapportioned?
The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state's population, which changes over time.
How do liberals differ from conservatives?
Liberals are more likely than conservatives to envision a wide scope for the central government, often involving policies that aim to promote equality
Which of the following statements about American attitudes toward the scope of government is true?
A majority of Americans think the federal government should be streamlined.
How does lower voter turnout among young citizens affect the composition of those who show up at the polls?
Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.
Which group makes up the smallest percentage of the minority population in the United States?
Native American
How is political participation defined?
all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue
The role of religion in influencing political ideology is most closely related to __________.
religiosity
Why were the first immigration restrictions adopted by the United States?
no criminals or prostitutes
According to Russell Neuman, the "paradox of mass politics" is that the American political system works as well as it does despite __________.
the public's lack of knowledge about politics
What is a principal provision of the 1986 Simpson-Mazzoli Act?
Employers must document the citizenship of their employees.
How do Internet polling companies like Knowledge Networks ensure participation in its Web-based surveys?
Respondents are paid a small sum every time they participate.
What was Henry David Thoreau protesting in the 1840s when he refused to pay his taxes?
the Mexican War
Women are more likely than men to cast their ballots for which type of candidate?
Democratic candidates who support higher levels of spending on social services as opposed to spending on the military
Assume that Howard and Javier used proper sampling techniques to draw two samples of Hispanic Floridians. Each sample will be surveyed about proposed immigration policy reform and its impact on Hispanics living in the state. The samples were selected identically, but one includes 1,000 respondents and the other consists of 2,000 respondents. Given the information presented in this scenario, which of the following statements is true?
Howard and Javier can be more confident of the results of the 2,000-person sample.
Which of the following viewpoints is more likely to be held by a political liberal than by a political conservative?
Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.
Which of the following statements about political news consumption is accurate?
Older people consume more political news than do younger people
In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had read the Declaration of Independence at least once, with a sampling error of 4 percent. Which of the following statements is true?
It is likely that between 25 and 33 percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence.
Of the following, which form of participation are Americans most likely to engage in?
contacting government officials
Why is participation in the census so important?
information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year
Of the following, which is a form of political participation?
calling your representative to express your opinion about upcoming legislation
"Letter from a Birmingham Jail," penned by Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1963, is a classic defense of __________.
civil disobedience
What three socializing agents are discussed in the textbook?
the media, the schools, and the family
You agree with Darrell M. West, who argues that the United States needs to reorient its immigration policy toward enhancing economic development. Which of the following potential immigrants do you think is most deserving of an immigrant visa?
a Turkish national with a promising new manufacturing process
What is the typical aim of protests in the United States?
affecting public policy change
Which of the following is a disadvantage of conducting a public opinion survey over the phone?
People are substantially less willing to participate in polls over the telephone than in person.
To determine if families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools, from which of the following populations should you select a sample?
parents of children under age 18
Politicians who believe that America's competitiveness in the globalized economy would be best served by allocating a substantial percentage of immigrant visas to people with special talents would be more likely than other politicians to substantially revise the __________.
Hart-Celler Immigration and Nationality Act
What is demography?
the science of population changes
Which of the following statements about immigration in the United States is true?
At current rates non-Hispanic whites will represent less than half of the population by the middle of the 21st century.
If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen?
government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda
Approximately what percentage of adult citizens voted in the 2014 midterm elections?
less than 50 percent
According to Ronald Reagan, what was the main cause of society's problems?
government overreach
What was the effect of the 1924 immigration law that established official quotas for immigrants based on national origin?
Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.
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