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Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?
A.) Ribosomes will translate mRNA to produce proteins.
B.) Vacuoles will fuse with the cellular membrane.
C.) Vesicles will release extracellular growth factors via exocytosis.
D.) Lysosomes will
release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.
D
Site of glucose synthesis?
A.) Vacuole
B.) Plasma Membrane
C.) Golgi
D.) Cholorplast
E.) Mitochondria
D
Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP
E
Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell
C
A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes.
The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate
in which of the following cellular structures?
A.) Nucleus
B.) Mitochondria
C.) Smooth ER
D.) Golgi
D
Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes.
Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by
mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?
A.) They have rigid, nonfluid membranes.
B.) They have highly folded membranes.
C.) They have membranes composed of many carbohydrates.
D.) They have double membranes, with one membrane enclosed within the other.
B
All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the
cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum.
Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?
A.) Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins
B.) Synthesis of cytosolic proteins based on the nucleotide sequences of mRNAs
C.) Degradation of proteins by hydrolytic enzymes contained within the complex
D.) Synthesis of various types of lipids
A
Changing the shape or morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane can change the efficiency of mitochondrial function.
Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?
A.) Mitochondria will become more efficient because the inner mitochondrial membrane will become more permeable to ions.
B.) Mitochondria will become more efficient because the total
volume of the mitochondria will increase.
C.) Mitochondria will become less efficient because the inner mitochondrial membrane will become less permeable to large molecules.
D.) Mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease.
D
The figure shows a process by which a cell might absorb food from its surrounding environment and break it down for use as a source of energy and matter. The process involves lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. Activation of the hydrolytic enzymes requires an acidic pH, and lysosomes maintain an internal acidic pH by using ion pumps. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of ion pump function in the cell's lysosomes?
A.) The internal pH of the lysosomes will decrease, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and
interfere with the intracellular digestion of food.
B.) The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digestion of food.
C.) The internal pH of the lysosomes will decrease, which will activate hydrolytic enzymes and enhance the intracellular digestion of food.
D.) The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will activate hydrolytic enzymes and enhance the intracellular digestion of
food
B
Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?
A.) A lack of lysosomes will cause a decrease in the synthesis of enzymes necessary for cellular respiration.
B.) Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary
nutrients for cellular respiration.
C.) Fewer lysosomes will be available to store materials required for the functioning of the mitochondria.
D.) Lysosomes will not be available to modify proteins so that they are targeted to the mitochondria.
B
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
A.) Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.
B.) Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure.
C.) Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
D.) Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.
C
Cells contain smaller components called organelles that are necessary for a cell's survival. Organelle functions have often been compared to components of larger systems.
Which of the following functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is explained by the structural differences between them?
A.) Rough ER breaks down toxic substances, and smooth ER only transports them out of the cell.
B.) Rough ER can synthesize and
package lipids for export, and smooth ER cannot.
C.) Rough ER can produce ATP, and smooth ER cannot.
D.) Rough ER can synthesize and package proteins for export, and smooth ER cannot.
D
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Verified answer
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Verified answer
BIOLOGY
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