Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins
388 solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
Essentials of Medical Language
4th EditionDavid M Allan, Rachel Basco
404 solutions
Integrated Electronic Health Records
4th EditionAmy Ensign, M Beth Shanholtzer
485 solutions
Home
Subjects
Expert solutions
Create
Log in
Sign up
Upgrade to remove ads
Only ₩37,125/year
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
Terms in this set (57)
elastic artery
Carry blood away from the heart
Largest one is the Aorta
Closest to the heart
Experience the greatest blood pressure
Greatest amount of elastin
Expand and recoil passively to propel high pressure blood
Blood found inside will be pulsating with the heart beat and
oxygenated
Muscular Artery
Deliver blood to specific body organs
Relatively more smooth muscle and less elastin Actively constrict and relax.
Blood pressure begins to decline.
Blood is pulsating with heart beat and oxygenated.
Arterioles
Smallest arteries led to capillaries
Tunica media almost entirely smooth
muscle
Vasomotor fibers regulate the smooth muscle. The changes in diameter influence BP and blood flow.
Steepest drop in blood pressure.
Greatest resistance to blood flow.
Still pulsating with heart beat but much less oxygenated.
Capillaries
Smallest vessels mostly arranged in capillary beds, which exchange of materials between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
The link between arteries and
veins in the pathway of blood
Walls consist of just a thin tunica intima
Blood flow regulated by precapillary sphincters depending on the body's needs is directed by nerve and hormone signals
Venules
Formed when capillaries unite
Smallest venules drain the capillaries
Blood pressure continues to drop but velocity starts to increase again.
Come together to form veins
Blood found inside is no
longer pulsating with the heart beat, and is now low in oxygen or deoxygenated
Veins
Transport blood towards the heart
Experience the least blood pressure pressure of all vessels
Wall are thinner than arterial walls and their lumens are large to accommodate a large volume of blood
The tunica externa is the heaviest wall layer
Contain one-way venous valves to prevent blood backflow (most veins must
move blood against the pull of gravity, and there is low pressure due to the distance from the heart)
The movement of blood in the veins is by the rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle in the wall and by the action of the skeletal muscle as the body moves. Blood found in veins is not pulsating with the heart beat, and is considered deoxygenated
The heart is a muscle that works continuously, like a pump
each beat is set in motion by an electrical signal, initiated by autorhythmic cardiac cells within the heart muscle.
The autorhythmic cardiac cells initiate and distributes action potentials
throughout the heart muscle (making it beat)
autorhythmic
the heart produces its own pulses through electrochemical stimuli originating from a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium
Heart Rate
The number of times the heart beats in ONE minute
Heart Rate Unit
BPM (Beats per Minute)
Average adult HR at rest
75 BPM
HR> 100 BPM
called Tachycardia
HR < 60 BPM
called Bradycardia
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by EACH ventricle with each heartbeat
SV=
EDV-ESV
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole
End Systolic Volume
The amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of systole
Cardiac Output (CO)
The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
Cardiac Output is directly related
to HR and SV
CO =
SV x HR
Cardiac Output units
Liters per minute
P wave
Electrical - depolarization of atria
Initiated by the SA node
Starts just prior to and represents the
mechanical event of atrial systole (contraction)
P R segment
Represents the action potential delayed at the AV node
Atrial depolarization complete
QRS complex
Electrical - depolarization of ventricles
Starts just prior to and represents the mechanical events of ventricular depolarization
Hides atrial
repolarization
Q wave
Represents the action potential traveling to the bundle of His and through the bundle branches
R wave
Represents the action potential traveling to the Purkinje fibers and the contraction of the LEFT ventricle
S wave
Represents the action potential traveling to the Purkinje fivers leading to the mechanical contraction of the right ventricle
ST Segment
Represents the completion of Ventricular depolarization
The ventricle contraction completes and blood is pushed from the heart to the lung and body
T wave
Electrical- repolarization of
ventricles
Starts just prior to and represents ventricular diastole
R-R interval
Each beat of the heart produces the reading above- so they come in a sequence. The R-R interval is the time between the R waves of adjacent beats.
You can use the R-R interval to calculate heart rat if you have a regular heart beat. ECG are measured in intervals of seconds so you need to convert that into mins for
HR.
Systolic Pressure
Maximum pressure your heart generates when pumping blood through your arteries to the rest of your body (pressure exerted by the blood against the artery walls)
Result of Ventricular systole (contraction)
Normal systolic pressure
120 mmHg
Diastolic Pressure
Lowest pressure exerted by the blood against the artery walls.
The amount of pressure in your arteries when your heart is relaxed between beats.
Result of diastole ( relaxation)
Normal diastolic pressure
80 mmHg
dicrotic notch
The interruption of smooth flow due to the brief backflow of blood that closes the aortic semilunar valve when the ventricles relax.
pulse pressure
Throb felt when taking a pulse
The difference between systolic pressure and Diastolic pressure (systolic pressure-diastolic pressure)
Normal pulse pressure
30-40 mmHg
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Calculated average pressure in the arteries
The force that propels the blood to the tissues throughout the cardiac cycle
Equal to Diastole pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
Normal MAP pressure
70-105 mmHg
BP =
CO x TPR
If heart rate increases, what changes would you expect to see in the ECG
The R-R interval decreases
How are an interval and a segment different?
An interval measures at least one wave and one flat area, while a segment includes only a flat area of the tracing
Correct placements in the Einthovens triangle arrangement?
One on each wrist and one on the left ankle
How should the blood pressure cuff be positioned on the patient?
The hoses on the cuff should be facing anterior and exiting the cuff toward the hand.
Normal expected blood pressure for an adult is less than 115/70. What do the numbers indicate when writing blood pressure?
The top number (115) is systolic pressure; the bottom number (70) is diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure is recorded when Korotkoff sounds are first heard.
. Diastolic pressure is recorded when Korotkoff sounds are no longer heard.
Why should the cuff not be inflated beyond 20-30 mmHg above expected value?
Overinflation of the cuff may result in injury to the patient.
What happens to the location of blood when you stand up compared to lying down?
Blood will pool in the lower limbs due to gravity.
Why does blood pressure increase with exercise then lower after 5 minutes?
Increased blood pressure helps to ensure muscle tissue has adequate blood supply during exercise. When exercise is over, the oxygen demands increase.
What do you predict would happen to a person's blood pressure when they go from standing to lying down?
Blood pressure would decrease lying down.
In which of the following locations did you palpate a significantly faster pulse rate?
None. Location does not affect pulse rate. Pulse rate determined by heart.
Why take the pulse rate again after 5 minutes? After lying down.
Body takes time to compensate for the new body position.
Do you expect the pulse rate to change when the patient stands up?
Yes. I expect the pulse rate to increase.
Why did the pulse rate decrease 5 mins after exercise?
Tissue demand for oxygen has decreased.
How did the intensity of pulse pressure change with the artery's proximity to the heart?
Arteries closest to the heart have a greater pulse intensity.
Which change in body position resulted in the largest change in heart rate as detected by pulse rate?
Sitting to standing position
Students also viewedBlood Pressure - Cardiovascular Physiology
26 terms
hoganmb21
H&P Lab Exam 2
46 terms
mattie018
lab test 2
66 terms
morgancox84Plus
Final BIO 121
93 terms
trevyip15
Sets found in the same folderPulse Rate - Cardiovascular Physiology
23 terms
hoganmb21
Chapter 36
58 terms
summernicole120
respiratory system starting with carina
6 terms
annettecoleman
Chapter 19
47 terms
hmadi2011
Other sets by this creatorexamples
55 terms
maddiekordecki
tracts
15 terms
maddiekordecki
Receptors
37 terms
maddiekordecki
Last Minute Review
50 terms
maddiekordecki
Other Quizlet setsGlobal midterm
68 terms
mbadey99
Microbiology Final Exam Prep
453 terms
loveumuchmore
Viruses, Bacertia, Archaea
65 terms
dliu23Plus
History Mid-Term
87 terms
Jonathan_OBrien