Psychology: Principles in Practice
1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus
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A Concise Introduction to Logic
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Myers' Psychology for AP
2nd EditionDavid G Myers
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Understanding Psychology, Student Edition
1st EditionRichard A. Kasschau
820 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
Psychology: Principles in Practice
1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus
1,024 solutions
Myers' Psychology for AP
1st EditionDavid G Myers
313 solutions
A Concise Introduction to Logic
13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley
1,967 solutions
Understanding Psychology, Student Edition
1st EditionRichard A. Kasschau
820 solutions
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What are two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?
A. Nationality & culture
B. Education & exercise
C. Prenatal care & emotional challenges
D. Ethnic origin & nutrition
D. Ethnic origin & nutrition
Which of the following determines the categories for obesity, overweight, and at risk for being overweight?
A. Weight
B. Average calories consumed daily
C. Waist-to-hip ratio
D. Body mass index
D. BMI
Which of the following statements about prenatal smoking is true?
A. Children are at risk
for health problems when they live in homes in which a parent smokes
B. Most children and adolescents in the US are exposed to tobacco smoke in the home
C. Children exposed to tobacco smoke in the home are not more likely to develop asthma than children in non smoking families
D. Parental smoking is the leading cause of death in young children in the US
A. Children are at risk for health problems when they live in homes in which a parent smokes
A young child might be heard saying "The tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred to as:
A. Egocentrism
B. Conservation
C. Animism
D. Kineticism
C. Animism
When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children indicate that they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw the support. This shows the adults' involvement in the children's:
A. Zone of proximal development
B. Development of conservational abilities
C. Enhancement of intuitive reasoning
D. Process of concentration
A. Zone of proximal development
When four-year-old Jared plays, he often talks to himself. This form of self-talk is used for self-regulation. Developmentalists call this:
A. Mindstream
B. Drawling
C. Lisping
D. Private speech
D. Private speech
_____________ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.
A. Salient
B. Relevant
C. Executive
D. Sustained
D. Sustained
______________ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consist of a number of higher level processes connected to the prefrontal correct that play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.
A. Executive attention
B. Executive function
C. Prefrontal control
D. Prefrontal inhibition
B. Executive function
Developmentally appropriate practices at the kindergarten level are likely to be:
A. Child-centered
B. Standardized
C. Purpose-centered
D. Achievement-oriented
A. Child-centered
Two current controversies in early childhood education involve:
A. Curriculum and universal preschool education in the US
B. The quality of inner-city schools and free education to all
C. The
use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms
D. Christian holidays for all and boarding schools
A. Curriculum and universal preschool education in the US
According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
A. Initiative versus guilt
B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Industry versus inferiority
D. Trust versus mistrust
A. Initiative versus guilt
The children of ______ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.
A. Emotion-coaching
B. Emotion-facillitator
C. Emotion-encouraging
D. Emotion-independent
A. Emotion-coaching
Feelings of anxiety and guilt are central to the account of moral development provided by ________ theory.
A. Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive
B. Piaget's cognitive development
C. Erikson's psychosocial
D. Freud's psychoanalytic
D. Freud's psychoanalytic
According to Jean Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:
A. Parents are inconsistent in delivery the consequences for broken rules
B. Peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules
C. Parents take an authoritative approach to handling down the rules
D. Peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking
C. Parents take an authoritative approach to handling down the rules
Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender:
A. Roles
B. Identities
C. Expectancies
D. Rules
A. Roles
According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the:
A. Oedipus complex
B. Electra complex
C. Pygmalion effect
D. Golem effect
A. Oedipus complex
A parent who encourages his/her children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions is a(n):
A. Authoritarian parent
B. Authoritative parent
C. Indulgent parent
D. Neglectful parent
A. Authoritarian parent
The public and many professionals use the term child abuse to refer to both abuse and neglect, developmentalists increasingly use the term:
A. Child neglect
B. Child maltreatment
C. Child battery
D. Child assault
A. Child neglect
Firstborn and only children are alike in that both are _______ than later-born children:
A. More anxious
B. Less self-controlled
C. More dependent on adults
D. More achievement-oriented
D. More achievement-oriented
Which of the following is true of children in divorced families?
A. A majority of children in divorces families have a harder time adjusting than those from non-divorced families
B. Divorces inevitably impair children's ability to adapt to difficulties in their lives
C. Competent children cannot be raised in single-parent families
D. Children in divorced families are no more likely than children in non divorced
families to have academic problems
A. A majority of children in divorces families have a harder time adjusting than those from non-divorced families
Advances in the ______ of the brain are linked to children's ________.
A. Parietal lobe; shaper color and peripheral vison
B. Occipital lobe; better spacial skills
C. Prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control
D. Temporal
lobe; hand-eye coordination and pier grasp
C. Prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control
______ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.
A. Blood and bone cancers
B. All child cancers
C. Skin and bone cancers
D. Skin and blood cancers
A. Blood and bone cancers
The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has _______ in recent decades.
A. Increased marginally
B. Increased substantially
C. Decreased marginally
D. Decreased substantially
B. Increased substantially
___________ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships.
A. Asperger's syndrome
B. Fragile X syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. ICF syndrome
A. Asperger's syndrome
________ develop(s) more rapidly during early childhood, and ________ develop(s) more rapidly during middle and late childhood.
A. Long-term memory; short-term memory
B. Short-term memory; long-term memory
C. Knowledge; expertise
D. Expertise; knowledge
B. Short-term memory; long-term memory
Which of the following is NOT an effective memory strategy?
A. Encourage elaboration, or more extensive processing
B. Encourage the use of mental imagery
C. Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information
D. Repeat with variations and link information early and often
C. Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information
A person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA) and multiplied by 100 would indicate that person's:
A. Emotional quotient
B. Intelligence quotient
C. Level of mental development relative to others
D. Cognitive maturity
B. Intelligence quotient
Considering how early intervention programs to improve intellectual development- such as the Abecedarian Intervention program- have shown marked improvements in the IQ of participants, it can be inferred that the main reason children from low SES families earn lower scores on IQ tests is that:
A. The parents have difficulty providing an intellectual stimulating environment for their children
B. The genes for lower intelligence are passed down from parents to children
C. IQ tests are culture-fair tests
D. IQ tests fail to test for street smarts and practical intelligence
A. The parents have difficulty providing an intellectual stimulating environment for their children
Studies support the conclusion that gifted people tend to be:
A. Less mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others. and grow up in positive family climate
B. More mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others. and grow up in positive family climate
C. Less mature than
others, have more emotional problems than others. and grow up in negative family climate
D. More mature than others, have more emotional problems than others. and grow up in negative family climate
B. More mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others. and grow up in positive family climate
Organic intellectual disability is caused by:
A. A genetic disorder or brain damage
B. Being
raised by poorly educated parents
C. An impoverished intellectual environment
D. Traumatic experiences in early childhood
C. An impoverished intellectual environment
In terms of _______ behavior, taking another's perspective improves children's likelihood of understanding and sympathizing with others when they are distressed or in need
A. Aggressive
B. Antisocial
C. Atypical
D. Prosocial
D. Prosocial
Many of today's children grow up receiving praise for mediocre or even poor performance. What could be a possible consequences of this practice?
A. They tend to undervalue the rewards that aggression can bring
B. The increased self-esteem produces better schools performance
C. They are increasingly prone to develop antisocial actions
D. They may have difficulty handling competition and
criticism
D. They may have difficulty handling competition and criticism
The increased capacity of self-regulation that is seen in the middle and late childhood is linked to developmental advances in the:
A. Brain's hypothalamus
B. Hippocampus
C. Brain's prefrontal cortex
D. Amygdala
C. Brain's prefrontal cortex
Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by:
A. Identifying the personality type related to high and low self-esteem in children
B. Presenting children with a series of stories in which characters face moral dilemmas
C. Observing children interact with each other when they were in conflict
D. Interviewing families about how they have taught moral principles to their children
B. Presenting children with a series of stories in which characters face moral dilemmas
In contrast with Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) _________ perspective that is moral and views people in terms of their connectedness with others; and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others
A. Justice
B. Care
C. Nonegocentric
D. Egocentric
B. Care
Individuals who ________ have the moral personality, identity, character, and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and commitment.
A. Have a moral character
B. Have a moral identity
C. Are characterized as moral exemplars
D. Are characterized as gender bias
C. Are characterized as moral exemplars
Which of the following is TRUE of differences in the helping behavior of males and females?
A. Females are helpful
irrespective of the situation
B. Males are more helpful when the context is masculine in nature
C. Males are more likely to engage in caregiving behavior
D. Females are more likely to help when the other person involved is a female
B. Males are more helpful when the context is masculine in nature
______ children give out reinforcement, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited.
A. Rejected
B. Controversial
C. Average
D. Popular
D. Popular
Which of the following is true of friendship?
A. Like adult friendship, children's friendships are characterized by dissimilarity
B. Throughout childhood, friends are more
similar than dissimilar in terms of age, sex, race, and many other factors
C. Friends often have dissimilar attitudes toward school and educational aspirations
D. It is often developmentally beneficial to have coercive and conflict ridden friendships
B. Throughout childhood, friends are more similar than dissimilar in terms of age, sex, race, and many other factors
________ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts
A. Ego support
B. Intimacy in friendships
C. Physical support
D. Social comparison
B. Intimacy in friendships
For most people, puberty:
A. Is the same as adolescence
B. Ends long before adolescence does
C. Occurs in a single, sudden event
D. Has an easily identifiable beginning and ending
B. Ends long before adolescence does
Who amongst the following is most likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?
A. A girl in early adolescence
B. A girl in late adolescence
C. A boy in early adolescence
D. A boy in late adolescence
A. A girl in early adolescence
Daughters of teenage mothers are:
A. Unlikely to become
pregnant during adolescence
B. Likely to be highly intelligent
C. More likely to use contraceptives
D. At increased risk for teenage childbearing
D. At increased risk for teenage childbearing
A national study of US adolescence revealed that physical activity:
A. Increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age
B. In childhood and early adolescence would persist through
adulthood
C. Increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood
D. Decreased until 13 years of age and then stabilized to last through 18 years of age
A. Increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age
In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence?
A. African-American males
B. Latino males
C.
Non-Latino White American males
D. Asian American males
A. African-American males
Anorexia nervosa is a(n)
A. Eating disorder that involves a binge and purge sequence on a regular basis
B. Anxiety disorder whose chief symptom is unrealistic fear of food
C. Drug-induces reaction that produces tremors and vomiting
D. Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through
starvation
D. Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Identify the similarity between those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and those suffering from bulimia nervosa?
A. They are unconcerned about their weight
B. They are severely underweight
C. They have a distorted body image
D. They maintain a healthy, well balanced diet
C. They have a distorted body image
In Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the _______ stage is proposed to be the fourth and final stage.
A. Concrete operational
B. Passive operational
C. Preconventional reasoning
D. Formal operational
D. Formal operational
The ______ is the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility
A. Personal fable
B. Self-fulfilling prophecy
C. Imaginary audience
D. Collective myth
A. Personal fable
When students make the transition to middle or junior high school, they experience the _________ phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school.
A. Big-brther
B. Top-dog
C. Domino Effect
D. Underdog
B. Top-Dog
_________ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach towards others
A. Egocentrism
B. Narcissism
C. Egotism
D. Solipsism
B. Narcissism
Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage?
A. Identity versus identity confusion
B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Intimacy versus isolation
A. Identity versus identity confusion
Most adolescents from ethnic minority groups develop a _______ identity
A. Bicultural
B. Additive
C. Multiplicative
D.Mono-cultural
A. Bicultural
Which of the following statements about religion and adolescents has research shown to be true?
A. There has been a resurgence of religious interest among adolescents
B. A majority of American college freshmen reported that they had never attended religious services during their senior year of high school
C. Generally, 18-year-olds are more religious than 14-year-olds in the US
D. Adolescent girls are more religious than adolescent boys
D. Adolescent girls are more religious than adolescent boys
As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have:
A. A large group of friends, some of whom are especially intimate
B. Several friends, but only one "best" friend
C. Friends that are all of the same sex
D. A smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate
D. A smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate
_________ are small groups that range from 2 or about 12 individuals and average about 5 or 6 individuals.
A. Cliques
B. Crowds
C. Teams
D. Squads
A. Cliques
Which of the following is the last stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence?
A. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds
B.
Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations
C. Dating in groups, reflecting embeddedness in the peer context
D. Exploring romantic relationships
A. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds
Which of the following is mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents?
A. Newspapers
B. Radio
C. Cell phones
D. Internet cafes
C. Cell phones
Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10-19 year olds today in the United States?
A. Homicide
B. Suicide
C. Motor vehicle accidents
D. Infectious diseases
B. Suicide
The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and:
A. Career choice dilemmas
B. Juvenile delinquency
C.
Peer-related
D. Family problems
B. Juvenile delinquency
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as _______.
A. Animism
B. Empathy
C. Egocentrism
D. Symbolism
C. Egocentrism
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Verified questionsPSYCHOLOGY
Using a graphic organizer, compare the Stanford-Binet test to the Wechsler scales with similarities and differences.
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PSYCHOLOGY
''Human languages, in all their exquisite diversity, complexity and sophistication ore some of our species' most impressive achievements. Each language provides its own cognitive toolkit, and encapsulates the knowledge and worldview developed over thousands of years within o culture. While language is a central part of cognition, there is nothing magical about how language shapes thought. Languages shape our thinking in the same ways that going to medical school or learning to fly a plane also build expertise and transform what we con do. Different languages encourage different kinds of cognitive expertise in their speakers, and as a result, speakers of different languages end up thinking differently." -Lera Boroditsky, "Language: The Proposer's Opening Remarks." The Economist (December 13, 2010). Based on this excerpt, what is the connection between language and thought?
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PSYCHOLOGY
a. What phrase, dating back to ancient Greece, has remained a motto of psychological study? b. According to psychologist B.F. Skinner, what happens as a result of positive reinforcement? c. Judge the impact of Freud on psychological study. Do you think he's had a largely positive impact or a negative one? Explain your ideas.
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QUESTION
Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell In this example, the music is a(n) a. conditioned response. b. conditioned stimulus. c. unconditioned response. d. unconditioned stimulus. e. habituated response.
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