____ refers to a group of individuals sharing a common socially determined category often related to genetic attribute, physical appearance, and ancestry
Race
What is ethnicity?
A shared common cultural traits such as language, religion, and dress
Culture is a set of learned _______, _______, _______, and behaviors, a way of life shared by members of a society
Beliefs, values, symbols
What is multiracial?
Claiming ancestors from two or more races
What theory suggests that certain students do poorly in school because of their cultural, social, or linguistic background?
Deficit theory
What is the expectation theory?
Believes that some children do poorly because their teachers do not expect much of kids form certain racial &
ethnic groups
What theory asserts that academic problems can be overcome if educators study and mediate the cultural gap separating school and home?
Cultural difference theory
The deficit, explanation, and cultural difference theories are all to explain what?
Why some groups succeed and others do not
Groups incorporated into
the mainstream culture are said to have done through ________ also known as ________
Assimilation or enculturation
What is cultural pluralism?
A recognition that some groups, voluntarily or involuntarily, have maintained their culture and their language
In 1837, Pennsylvania law required that the school interaction be given on an equal basis in German as well as English. This is an example of what education?
Bilingual education
Students either learned to speak English as they sat in class, or they failed school, an approach sometimes referred to as __________ ___________
Langauge submersion
Explain the court case of Lau v. Nichols
Centered around Kinney Lau and 1800 other Chinese students from San Francisco who were failing their courses because they could not understand English
What happened in result of the Lau v. Nichols case?
The "Lau remedies"
=guidelines for school districts that specify that "language minority" students should be taught
academics in their primary language until they could effectively benefit from English language instruction
What are the 3 approaches to help ELLs (English Language Learners) acquire English as a second language?
1) The
transitional approach
2) The maintenance/ developmental approach
3) The immersion approach
What is the transitional approach?
Uses the native language as a bridge to English language instruction
Which approach is designed to help children develop academic skills in both their native language and English?
Maintenance/ developmental approach
Which approach has interaction exclusively in English?
Immersion approach
English as a Second Language (ESL) supplements which approach?
Immersion
What does ESL provide?
Special pull-out classes for additional instruction in reading and writing English
Which approach provides dual-language instruction from k-12?
Maintenance/ developmental approach
A teacher
understands her student's native language but delivers lessons in a simplified English vocabulary that attempts to familiarize students with English while learning content...
This is an example of what approach?
Immersion
Children who speak Spanish are placed in the same class with children who speak English, and the students learn each others languages and work academically in both languages...
This is an example of what approach?
Maintenance/ developmental approach
In a classroom, history is thought first using the native language, but progressively students move to English...
This is an example of which approach?
Transitional
Many people worry that bilingual language threatens the status of English as the nation's primary vehicle of communication... This has lead to what movement?
An English-only movement
Those who support the English-only movement belief what?
That English is a unifying national bond that preserves our common culture and that English should be the only language spoken in public
What are the 4 dimensions to multicultural education?
1) Expanding the ____________ to reflect what?
2)
Using teaching strategies that are responsive to different ________ _________
3) Supporting the _____________ competence of teachers so they are comfortable and knowledgeable wiring w/ students and families of different ___________
4) A commitment to ______ _______, promoting efforts to work and teach toward
1) curriculum
2) learning
styles
3) multicultural; cultures
4) social justice
Who focused specifically on developing a multicultural classroom?
James Banks
What are James Bank's 4 approaches to a multicultural classroom?
Levels
1) The contributions approach
2) The additive approach
3) The transformative approach
4) The social action approach
In the 4 approaches to a multicultural classroom, what does level 1 focus on?
Heroes, holidays, and discrete cultural elements
In the 4 approaches to a multicultural classroom, what does level 2 focus on?
Content, concepts, themes and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing its structure
In the 4 approaches to a multicultural classroom, what does level 3 focus on?
The structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, themes, and perspectives from the perspectives of diverse ethnic and cultural groups
In the 4 approaches to a multicultural classroom, what does level 4 focus on?
Students make decisions on important social issues and take action to help solve them
A classroom celebrates "Cinco de Mayo"...
This is an example of what level?
Level 1: The contributions approach
A class studies the westward expansion of Europeans as manifest destiny through the eyes of the European descendants, or as an invasion from the east through the eyes of Native Americans...
This is an example of what level?
Level 3: The transformative approach
A class ensures the school building works in a way that does not harm the environment...
This is an example of what level?
Level 4: The social action approach
In an English class, a unit on African American literature is studied during February since it is black history month...
This is an example of what level?
Level 2: The additive approach
Culturally responsive teaching focuses on the _____ _____ of students and mediates the frequent mismatch between _____ and _____ cultures
-Learning strengths
-Home and School
To be a culturally responsive teacher, what are the 3 points that students must experience/develop
1) Experience academic success
2) Develop cultural competence
3)
Develop critical consciousness & actively challenge social injustice
______ = absolute beliefs that all members of a group have a fixed set of characteristics
Stereotypes
______ = recognize that there are trends over large numbers of people
Generalizations
What does the acronym, DIVERSE, stand for?
Diverse instructional materials
Inclusive
Variety
Exploration
Reaction
Safety
Evaluation
Which of the following actions of teachers is most likely be supported by Gloria Ladson Billings the proponent of culturally responsive teaching quizlet?
Which of the following actions of teachers is most likely be supported by Gloria Ladson-Billings, the proponent of culturally responsive teaching? In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes.
When did Ovandos family first emigrate from Latin America?
When Ovando's family first emigrated from Latin America, school was difficult for him because of his limited proficiency in English and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was similar to that of: Kinney Lau, whose difficulty in school led to a landmark court case, Lau v. Nichols.
Which of the following is a reason that influences individuals to choose teaching as a profession quizlet?
Which of the following is a reason that influences individuals to choose teaching as a profession? In terms of professional status, many feel teaching: falls somewhere between professional and semiprofessional in status.
Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy that can help children from low income homes achieve academic success?
Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy that can help children from low-income homes achieve academic success? Teachers should avoid lowering their expectations from students belonging to this group. As gatekeepers, teachers must: determine which student will talk when.