Answer: a. Alcohol intake; b. Drug allergy; d. Nutritional status; e. Warfarin use
Objective: For each of the classes listed in Drugs at a Glance, know representative drugs, and explain their mechanisms of drug action, primary actions related to inflammation and fever, and important adverse effects.
Rationale: Acetaminophen should not be administered to patients who consume alcohol regularly, due to the potential for drug-induced
hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen has the potential to cause serious allergic reactions with symptoms of angioedema, difficulty breathing, itching, or rash. The nurse should check the patient for allergy to the drug. The drug is not recommended in patients who are malnourished. In such cases, acute toxicity may result, leading to renal failure, which can be fatal. Acetaminophen inhibits warfarin metabolism, causing the anticoagulant to accumulate to toxic levels. Acetaminophen does not affect blood
sugar levels.
A patient is prescribed morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). What is the correct order for administering PCA?
1. Program computerized PCA pump to deliver prescribed medication dose and lockout interval.
2. Check label of medication 3 times: when removed from storage, when brought to bedside, when preparing for assembly.
3. Administer loading dose of analgesia as prescribed.
4. Attach drug reservoir to infusion device, prime tubing, and attach needleless
adapter to end of tubing.
5. Identify patient using two identifiers.
6. Insert and secure needleless adapter into injection port nearest patient.
A. 1, 2, 4, 1, 6, 3
B. 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 3
C. 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 3
D. 2, 5, 4, 1, 3, 6
Salicylate intoxication.
Explanation: Salicylate intoxication may occur with an acute overdose of aspirin. Manifestations of salicylism include nausea, vomiting, fever, fluid and electrolyte deficiencies, tinnitus, decreased hearing, visual changes, drowsiness, confusion, hyperventilation, and others. Acute acetaminophen toxicity results in potentially fatal hepatotoxicity. Ibuprofen overdose will cause gastric mucosal damage. Caffeine overdose will produce tachycardia.
Liver damage.
Explanation: A patient taking acetaminophen should be taught the common adverse effects of the drug, which include rash, urticaria, and nausea. Nausea, not gastrointestinal distress, is a common adverse effect of acetaminophen. Flushing, dizziness, and feelings of tingling, heat, and fatigue are the most common adverse effects of sumatriptan, not acetaminophen.
Salicylate intoxication
Explanation: Symptoms of salicylate intoxication include nausea, vomiting, fever, fluid and electrolyte deficiencies, tinnitus, decreased hearing, visual changes, drowsiness, confusion, and hyperventilation. The scenario described does not suggest acetaminophen poisoning, ibuprofen overdose, or caffeine abuse.
What are the therapeutic effects of aspirin?
Antianxiety, antipyretic, and analgesic
Anticonvulsant, anticoagulant, and analgesic
Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, analgesic, and antipyretic
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet
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