Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Criminal Justice in America
9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole
105 solutions
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Why did the British Parliament impose new taxes on colonists following the French and Indian War?
-to pay off debts incurred during the war
-to raise revenue for British colonization of other parts of the world
-to raise revenue for the defense of newly acquired territory
-to demonstrate Britain's power over the
colonists
to raise revenue for the defense of newly acquired territory
According to the English philosopher John Locke, natural rights consist of __________.
-rights created by governments and given to kings
-rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments
-rights created by governments and given to all people at birth
-divinely given rights possessed by kings
rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments
The primary goal of the American Revolution was to __________.
-expand rights and liberties to all people
-create a new world power that could challenge Europe
-restore rights colonists felt were theirs as British subjects
-transfer resources and power from the wealthy to the working class
restore rights colonists felt were their as British subjects
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson primarily emphasized the __________.
-ways in which George III had abused the colonies
-daily challenges the colonists faced while building a new life in America
-ways in which the British Parliament had abused the colonies
-potential benefits of forming a new democratic government
ways in which George III had abused the colonies
How were votes allocated in the national legislature under the Articles of Confederation?
-each state had one vote
-each state had a number of votes proportional to its land area
-each state had five votes
-each state had a number of votes proportional to its population.
each state had one vote
Under the Articles of Confederation, how did Congress raise revenue to maintain an army and navy?
-by requesting money from the states
-by imposing tariffs on imported goods
-by borrowing money from foreign governments
-by creating an income tax
by requesting money from the states
Why was Shays's Rebellion so concerning to economic and political elites?
-They believed Congress was too aggressive in putting down the
rebelion.
-They believed it might make the nation vulnerable to foreign attack.
-They believed it might lead to a fell-fledged revolution.
-They believed Massachusetts was too aggressive in putting down the rebellion.
They believed it might lead to a fell-fledged revolution.
What was the most significant change in the states under the Articles of Confederation?
-the adoption of a single currency
for all states
-the adoption of bills of rights and laws reducing barriers to political participation
-the formation of militias to control violent rebellions
-the passage of laws favoring creditors in economic disputes
the adoption of bills of rights and laws reducing barriers to political participation
What did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention have in common?
-Most had practical
political experience.
-Most were from rural areas.
-Most were middle-class.
-Most had been educated in Europe.
Most had practical political experience
What term used today is closest to the Framers' notion of a faction?
-legislative branch
-agency
-interest group
-adversary
interest group
According to Gouverneur Morris and many other delegates at the Constitutional Convention, the main purpose of government was to __________.
-protect private property
-provide security from foreign invasion
-promote public health and welfare
-ensure domestic peace
protect private property
The delegates at the constitutional Convention believed the new constitutional would control factions by ___________.
-setting
power against power
-limiting voting rights to wealthy elites
-creating a strong executive
-delegating most power to the states
setting power against power
The three-fifths compromise dealt with how slaves would be counted for what two purposes?
-representation in the House and property rights
-representation in the House and taxation
-voting and property rights
-voting and taxation
representation in the House and taxation
How did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention decide on who should be eligible to vote?
-They restricted voting in national elections to male property owners, but allowed states to determine rules for state elections.
-They restricted voting to male property owners.
-They gave states the authority to determine voter eligibility.
-They eliminated property
requirements, allowing all free adult males to vote.
They gave states the authority to determine eligibility.
In spelling out economic powers, the Constitution prohibited states from ___________.
-taxing imports from other states
-regulating commerce
-entering into contracts
-borrowing money
taxing imports form other states
Why did the Constitution drafted at the Constitutional Convention say little about personal freedoms?
-The Framers could not agree on how to address personal freedoms.
-The Framers did not believe that protection of personal freedoms was important.
-The Framers believed that the Constitution would protect freedoms through limited government.
-The Framers believed that the newly created judiciary would protect personal freedoms
The Framers believed that the Constitution would protect freedoms through limited government.
What purpose is most clearly reflected in the Framers' use of special electors to choose the president?
-to give the national government greater power over the states
-to ensure the stability of the national government
-to place government beyond the direct control of the majority
-to ensure that the president would not be too powerful
to place government beyond the direct control of the majority
Which of the following is an example of checks and balances?
-The people vote for the president, but special electors have final say in selecting the president.
-The president nominates judges, and the Senate confirms them.
-Congress regulates interstate commerce, and states regulate commerce within states.
-The people elect state legislators, and
state legislators elect U.S. senators.
The president nominates judges, and the Senate confirms them.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a republic?
-direct citizen involvement in government decision-making
-elections in which people select representatives
-division of power between a national government and state government
-division of power among three branches of government
elections in which people select representatives
Which of the following is a characteristic of a republic?
-direct citizen involvement in government decision-making
-elections in which people select representatives
-division of power between a national government and state government
-division of power among three branches of government
elections in which people select representatives
Which of the following is a consequence of the system of checks and balances and the separation of powers?
-There is a bias toward the status quo
-The United States is among the most powerful nations
-The national government is more powerful than the states
-Citizens are politically active
There is a bias toward the status quo
How did the Framers ease the path of ratification of the Constitution?
-by allowing state legislatures to vote on ratification
-by creating a 10-year deadline for ratification
-by requiring a simple majority of states to approve the document
-by requiring nine out of 13 states to approve the document
by requiring nine out of 13 states to approve the document
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
-to outline proposed amendments to the new Constitution
-to convince people to vote for Federalist party candidates
-to document the deliberations at the Constitutional Convention
-to convince people to support the new Constitution
to convince people to support the new Constitution
What was a key difference between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the type of government they preferred?
-Federalists
preferred stronger state governments, while Anti-Federalists preferred weaker state governments.
-Federalists preferred direct election of officials, while Anti-Federalists preferred indirect election.
-Federalists preferred strengthened protections for individual liberties, while Anti-Federalists preferred shorter terms.
Federalists preferred strengthened protections for individual liberties, while Anti-Federalists preferred shorter terms.
What major concession did the Federalist make to the Anti-Federalists?
-They agreed to select George Washington as the first president.
-They agreed to add a bill of rights to the Constitution.
-They agreed to the direct election of U.S. senators.
-They agreed to ratification by state conventions.
They agreed to add a bill of rights to the Constitution.
As described in Article V of the Constitution, the two stages of the amendment process are __________.
-amendment and ratification
-proposal and ratification
-ratification and formal amendment
-informal amendment and formal amendment
proposal and ratification
What has been the most important effect of constitutional amendments?
-the expansion of individual rights and
liberties
-the expansion of states' rights
-the concentration of power in the hands of economic elites
-the diminished importance of the original document
the expansion of individual rights and liberties
The Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison is significant because it __________.
-was the first case heard by the Court
-limited the powers of the judicial branch
-expanded the president's
military powers
-established the Court's power of judicial review
established the Court's power of judicial review
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) fail?
-Due to opposition from Southern states, it failed to get the support of three-fourths of state legislatures.
-After the ERA passed the proposal stage, proponents could not agree on whether to ratify it through state legislatures or special
state conventions.
-Due to a general lack of public support, it did not pass the proposal stage in Congress.
-Due to a general lack of public support, it did not pass the proposal stage in Congress
Due to opposition from Southern states, it failed to get the support of three-fourths of state legislatures.
What aspect of democratic government did the authors of the Constitution oppose?
-individual
liberty
-free election
-consent of the governed
-majority rule
majority rule
What was a major factor leading to passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18?
-the women's suffrage movement
-the civil rights movement of the 1960s
-the development of political parties
-the sacrifices of young soldiers in Vietnam
the sacrifices of young soldiers in Vietnam
Which action by the federal government would most likely be unconstitutional?
-a takeover of the oil industry
-a takeover of the nation's airlines
-the ending of Social Security payments to the elderly
-establishment of a state-supported church
establishment of a state-supported church
Which of the following developments illustrates the gradual democratization of the Constitution?
-passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
-passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, providing for the direct election of senators
-repeal of the prohibition amendment
-abolition of the Electoral College
passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, providing for the direct election of senators
At the time it was written, the Declaration of Independence served mainly as __________.
-an intellectual exercise
-a statement of philosophy
-a new constitution
-a political argument
a political argument
English philosopher John Locke believed that the main purpose of government was to __________.
-facilitate the pursuit of happiness
-preserve property rights
-ensure public safety
-preserve the monarchy
preserve property rights
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress had the power to __________.
-regulate trade
-raise and maintain an army and navy
-control currency
-tax
raise and maintain an army and navy
Which statement best describes the power of the national government relative to the states under the Articles of Confederation?
-The national government controlled the presidency, while states controlled the legislative branch.
-The national government was weak and ineffective in relation to the states.
-The national government could overrule states on most matters.
-The national government was powerful in foreign policy, while states controlled domestic policy.
The national government was weak and ineffective in relation to the states.
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention assumed that people were generally __________.
-generous
-self-interested
-irrational
-trustworthy
self-interested
According to the Framers, what is the main source of factions?
-laws that restrict citizens' liberties
-governments that concentrate power in the hands of a few
-the unequal distribution of
property and wealth
-homogenous societies
the unequal distribution of property and wealth
What issue was resolved through the Connecticut Compromise?
-how to count slaves for the purposes of representation and taxation
-how to balance the interests of small and large states in Congress
-how to authorize amendments to the new Constitution
-how to balance the interests of the national government
and the states
how to balance the interests of small and large states in Congress
A(n) __________ requires authorities to explain to a judge their lawful reasons for holding a prisoner in custody.
-treatise
-writ of mandamus
-ex post facto law
-writ of habeas corpus
writ of habeas corpus
A __________ system of government divides power between the national and state governments.
-confederal
-democratic
-representative
-federal
federal
Why was James Madison more concerned about majority factions than minority factions?
-Majority factions were more common.
-Majority factions were more difficult to control.
-Majority factions were more likely to pursue their self-interest.
-Majority factions
were the main opponents of the new Constitution.
Majority factions were more difficult to control.
An Anti-Federalist would likely support which of the following proposals?
-reducing the term of office for senators from six to two years
-granting state legislatures the power to appoint House members
-lengthening the term of office for House members from two to six years
-delegating the protection
of individual rights and liberties to state governments
reducing the term of office for senators from six to two years
Anti-Federalists used which argument to oppose the Constitution?
-The new government's economic powers would lead to inflation.
-The new Constitution would be too easy to amend.
-The new government would be controlled by economic elites.
-The new government would give too much
power to states.
The new government would be controlled by economic elites.
What has been the most common path of amending the Constitution?
-proposal by state legislature and ratification by Congress
-proposal and ratification by Congress
-proposal by Congress and ratification by state legislatures
-Proposal by Congress and ratification by state conventions
proposal by Congress and ratification by state conventions.
The development of the two-party system in the United States was the result of what type of constitutional change?
-the formal amendment process
-changing political practice
-increased demands for new policies
-judicial interpretation
changing political process
What is a drawback of the system of separation of powers and checks and balances?
-It can lead to concentration of power in one branch of government.
-It creates few opportunities for citizen participation.
-It can lead to extreme policy changes.
-It can cause gridlock or inadequate policies.
It can cause gridlock or inadequate policies.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating adoption.
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States, adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. The Articles established a national legislature, the Continental Congress, but most authority rested with the state legislatures.
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and the press, and guarantee defendants' rights.
checks and balances
Features of the Constitution that require each branch of the federal government to obtain the consent of the others for its actions; they limit the power of each branch.
Connecticut Compromise
The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a state's population; and the Senate, in which each state has two representatives.
consent of the governed
The idea that government derives its authority from the people.
constitution
A nation's basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Constitutions can be either written or unwritten.
Declaration of Independence
The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
A constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." The amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures.
factions
Groups such as interest groups that, according to James Madison, arise from the unequal distribution of property or wealth and have the potential to cause instability in government.
Federalist Papers, The
The Federalist Papers are a set of 85 essays that advocate ratification of the Constitution and provide insightful commentary on the nature of the new system of government.
Federalists
Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.
judicial review
The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and those of the executive branch are in accord with the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison.
limited government
The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
Marbury v. Madison
The 1803 case in which the Supreme Court asserted its power to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress.
natural rights
Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to English philosopher John Locke's theories about government and was widely accepted among America's Founders.
New Jersey Plan
The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the size of the state's population.
republic
A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
separation of powers
A feature of the Constitution that requires the three branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—to be relatively independent of each other so that one cannot control the others. Power is shared among these three institutions.
Shays's Rebellion
A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.
U.S. Constitution
The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. government, the tasks these institutions perform, and the relationships among them. It replaced the Articles of Confederation.
Virginia Plan
The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress to be proportional to its population.
writ of habeas corpus
A court order requiring authorities to explain to a judge what lawful reason they have for holding a prisoner in custody.
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