What are the five protocol layers? 1. Physical
2. Data Link
3. Network
4. Transport
5. Application
Transmission Control Protocol.
What are the main twisted copper cables?
A physical layer device that allows for connections from many computers at once.
Layer 2 and can inspect the contents of the data.
Layer 3 A device that knows to forward data between independent layer networks. Can inspect IP data.
How do routers share data?
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol
What is duplex communication?
The concept that information can flow in both directions across the cable.
Only one device can communicate at a time.
A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time is known as a _____.
a. cross talk
b. protocol
c. collision domain
d. modulation
The transmission method that sends data to every device on a LAN is known as a _____ transmission.
a. broadcast
b. unicast
c. multicast
d.
simulcast
The most common data link layer protocol for wired connections is _____.
a. Ethernet
b. BGP
c. TCP
d. UDP
When an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another nearby wire, this is known as _____.
a. duplex communication
b. preamble
c. cross talk
d. multicast
A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly is known as a _____.
a. switch
b. collision domain
c. modulation
d. protocol
What layer in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model does IP use?
a. Network
b. Physical
c. Transport
d.
Data link
Which layer in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model is responsible for delivering data between two nodes?
a. Transport
b. Application
c. Network
d. Data link
What type of cable communicates binary data by changing the voltage between two ranges?
a. Fiber
b.
Gold
c. Silver
d. Copper
You have installed a device at the physical layer. All of the systems you connect to this device will talk to each other at the same time. What have you installed?
a. Hub
b. Switch
c. Router
d. Server
What device forwards data and operates at layer three of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model?
a. Hub
b. Client
c. Router
d. Switch
You get in your car after work and turn on the radio. What type of communication does the radio use?
a. Simplex
b. Twisted
c. Full duplex
d. Half duplex
Select the device that will have the most network ports.
a. Switch
b. Desktop
c. Server
d. Laptop
Which layer abstracts away the need for any other layers to care about what hardware is in use?
a. Physical
b. Network
c. Data link
d. Transport
A user is operating Client A and sends a message to Client B. What is used to identify the node the transmission is meant for?
a. Internet Protocol (IP) address
b. Subnet address
c. Ethernet address
d. Media Access Control (MAC) address
d. Media Access Control (MAC) address
What type of transmission will have a zero in a special bit in the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address?
a. Broadcast
b. Multicast
c. Singlecast
d. Unicast
Where is the Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) found in an ethernet frame?
a. The last byte of the EtherType field
b. The first byte of the preamble
c. The first byte of the EtherType field
d. The last byte of the preamble
d. The last byte of the preamble
Transferring data through a cable uses the same principle as conducting electricity along a length of metal wire. At its most simplistic, data sent over a cable is converted into binary code – a collection of 1s and 0s. The device transmitting the data will send current along the cable at two different voltages (for instance, 0V and 5V), with one voltage representing 1s and the other 0s. The device receiving the data will interpret that current as binary code, and then convert that back into the original format the data was before it was sent. The volume and speed of processing data over a specific timeframe is covered by the Ethernet Standards.
Fibre optic cables work in much the same way – but instead of transmitting electrons down a cable they send pulses of light (imagine turning a torch on and off – when the light is on, you are transmitting a 1, and when it’s off you are transmitting a 0). Because light travels further and faster than electrons, fibre optic cables are capable of transmitting much more data than copper cables, because light travels faster than electricity.
In today’s digitised world, almost every industry relies on data flowing through cables. In particular, data centres, telecommunications, industrial automation, financial services, healthcare and the emergency services all rely on transmitting data over cables – sometimes over significant distances. This is often because data travels faster over cables than it does over wireless connections and offers greater reliability – so in the emergency services where the speed at which data is delivered can literally save lives, a high-quality cable network is preferred for transferring data than a wireless connection.