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„-> \ Oc:' V' -A' THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, M.A., P.B.HIST.SOC. MARTIAL EPIGRAMS II MARTIAL EPIGRAMS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY WALTER C. A. KER, M.A. bOMETIME SCHOLAR OF TRINITY COLLKOE, CAMBRIDGE OF TUB INNER TEMPLE, BAERISTER-AT-LAW IN TWO VOLUMES II CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS • LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMIi First printed 1920. Reprinted 1927, 1930, 1950 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS PAGB BOOK VIII 1 BOOK IX 67 BOOK X 151 BOOK XI 235 BOOK XII 315 BOOK XIII 389 BOOK XIV 439 EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL 519 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES 535 INDEX OF FIRST LINES 545 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL M. VALERI MARTIALIS EPIGRAMMATON LIBER OCTAVUS Imperatori DoMiTiANo Caesari Augusto Germanico Dacico Valerius Martialis S. Omnes quidem libelli mei, domine, quibus tu famam, id est vitam, dedisti, tibi supplicant; et, puto propter hoc legentur. hie tamen, qui operis nostri octavus in- scribitur, occasione pietatis frequentius fruitur ; minus itaque ingenio laborandum fuit, in cuius locum mate- ria successerat: quam quidem subinde aliqua iocorum mixtura variare temptavimus^ ne caelesti verecundiae tuae laudes suas, quae facilius te fatigare possint quam nos satiare, omnis versus ingereret. quamvis autem epigrammata a severissimis quoque et summae Ibrtunae ^^ris ita scripta sint ut mimicam verborum licentiam adfectasse videantur, ego tamen illis non permisi tam lascive loqui quam solent. cum pars libri et maior et melior ad maiestatem sacri nominis tui alligata sit, meminerit non nisi religiosa purifica- tione lustratos accedere ad templa debere. quod 1 This book appears by internal evidence to have been published towards the end of a.d. 93. The epigrams are not, however, in chronological order. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL BOOK VIU To THE Emperor Domitianus, Caesar, Augustus, Conqueror of Germany and Dacia, Valerius Martialis sends Greeting 1 Of a truth all my little books, Sire, to which you have given fame, that is, life, are your suppliants, and I think will, for this reason, be read. This one, however, which is marked the eighth of my works, enjoys more frequently the opportunity of showing loyalty. Accordingly I had less occasion for the labour of invention, for which the subject-matter formed a substitute ; that, however, I have here and there attempted to diversify by some intermixture of pleasantry, so that every verse should not heap upon your divine modesty its meed of praise which would more easily weary you than satiate me. And although epigrams have been written in such a style, even by men the most austere and of the highest position, as apparently to have aimed at the verbal licence of mimes, yet I have not allowed these to speak with their usual playfulness. As part of my book — and that the greater and better — is attached to the Majesty of your sacred name, it should re- member that it is unfitting to approach the temple save cleansed by religious purification. ^ That readers ' An allusion to the Emperor's assumption of deity : cf. VIII. ii. 6. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ut custoditurura me lecturi sciant, in ipso libelli huius limine profiteri brevissimo placuit epigram- mate. Lauriqeros domini, liber, intrature penates disce verecundo sanctius ore loqui. nuda recede Venus ; non est tuus iste libellus : tu mihi, tu Pallas Caesariana, veni. II Fastorum genitor parensque lanus victorem modo cum videret Histri, tot vultus sibi non satis putavit optavitque oculos habere plures, et lingua pariter locutus omni 5 terrarum domino deoque rerum promisit Pyliam quater senectam. addas, lane pater, tuam rogamus. Ill " QuiNQUE satis fuerant: nam sex septemve libelli est nimium : quid adhuc ludere, Musa, iuvat? sit pudor et finis: iam plus nihil addere nobis fama potest : teritur noster ubique liber ; et cum rupta situ Messallae saxa iacebunt 5 altaque cum Licini marmora pulvis erunt, ' Because of the Emperor's recent victories on the Danube. 2 The god Janus presided over the year and the publio records. He was represented with two faces turned in op- posite ways, i.e. towards the past and the future ; or with four to represent the four seasons. BOOK VIII. i-iii may know I shall regard this obligation, I have deter- mined to make my profession on the very threshold of this little book by a very brief epigram. I ThoUj my book, who art purposed to enter my Master's laurel-wreathed^ abode, learn to speak more reverently in modest speech. Undraped Venus, stand back : this little book is not thine ; do thou come to me, thou, Pallas, patron of Caesar. II When Janus, begetter and parent of our annals,^ of late saw Hister's conqueror, he deemed his many faces were not enough for him, and wished to possess more eyes ; and, speaking alike with every tongue, he promised the Lord of Earth and God of the Universe a Pylian old age ^ four times over. Add, Father Janus, we entreat, your own. Ill " Five were sufficient ; for six or seven books are too much : why do you want. Muse, to frolic still .'' Let there be some stint and an end : now nothing more can Fame give me ; my book is thumbed every- where ; and wlien Messalla's* pavements shall lie shivered by decay, and Licinus' ^ towering marble ' Nestor's. * M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus, the patron of Tibullus : cf. X. ii. 9. He repaired tlie Via Latina : cf. Tib. i. vii. 57. Or " saxa " may perhaps refer to his tomb. ' A rich freedmau of Augustus (cf. Juv. i. 109), who had a magnificent tomb. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL me tamen ora legent et secum plurimus hospes ad patrias sedes carmina nostra feret." finieram, cum sic respondit nona sororum, cui coma et unguento sordida vestis erat : 10 "Tune potes dulcis, ingrate, relinquere nugas? die mihi, quid melius desidiosus ages ? an iuvat ad tragicos soccum transferre coturnos aspera vel paribus bella tonare modis, praelegat ut tuinidus rauca te voce magister, 15 oderit et grandis virgo bonusque puer? scribant ista graves nimium nimiumque severi, quos media miseros nocte lucerna videt. at tu Romanes lepido sale tingue libellos : adgnoscat mores vita legatque suos. 20 angusta cantare licet videaris avena, dum tua multorum vincat avena tubas." IV QuANTUs, io, Latias mundi conventus ad aras suscipit et solvit pro duce vota suo ! non sunt haec hominum, Germanice, gaudia tantum, sed faciunt ipsi nunc, puto, sacra del. Dum donas, Macer, anulos puellis, desisti, Macer, anulos habere. ' Thalia, the Muse of epigram, * Hexameters. * For Jan. 3, the day when vows were publicly offered for the Emperor {votorum tiuncupatio : cj. Suet. Ntr. xlvi.). 6 BOOK VIII. iii-v shall be dust, yet me shall lips read, and many a sojourner shall carry my poems with him to hi? fatherland." I ended; when thus replied the ninth of the Sisters,^ her hair and vesture stained with unguent : " Can you, ungrateful man, resign your pleasant trifles? Tell me, what better thing when idle will you do ? Wish you to adapt your comic shoe to the tragic buskin, or in even-footed measures ^ to thunder of rough wars, that a pompous pedagogue may dictate you in hoarse tones, and tall girl and honest boy hate you ? Let those themes be written by men grave overmuch, and overmuch austere, whom at midnight their lamp marks at their wretched toil. But do you dip your little Roman books in sprightly wit ; let Life recognize and read of her own man- ners. To a thin pipe you may appear to sing, if only your pipe outblow the trump of many." IV Ho ! How great a concourse of the world at Latin altars makes and pays their vows^ for their Chief! These are not the joys of men only, Germanicus : nay, the very gods now, I ween, offer sacrifice. While you give rings to girls, Macer, you have ceased, Macer, to possess rings yourself.* * i.e. you have lost your qualification as a knight : cf. Juv. xi. 43. The ius anulorum (right to wear a gold ring) was possessed by senators, knights, and magistrates. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL VI Archetypis vetuli nihil est odiosius Aucti (ficta Saguntino cymbia malo luto), argenti furiosa sui cum stemmata narrat garrulus et vei'bis mucida vina facit : " Laomedonteae fuerant haec pocula mensae : 5 ferret ut haec, muros struxit Apollo lyra. hoc cratere ferox commisit proelia Rhoetus cum Lapithis : pugna debile cernis opus, hi duo Idngaevo censentur Nestore fundi : poUice de Pylio trita columba nitet. 10 hie scyphus est in quo misceri iussit amicis largius Aeacides vividiusque merum. hac propinavit Bitiae pulcherrima Dido in patera, Phrygio cum data cena viro est." miratus fueris cum prisca toreumata multum, 15 in Priami calathis Astyanacta bibes. VII Hoc agere est causas, hoc dicere, Cinna, diserte, horis, Cinna, decem dicere verba noveni ? sed modo clepsydras ingenti voce petisti quattuor. o quantum, Cinna, tacere potes ! VIII Principium des, lane, licet velocibus annis et renoves voltu saecula longa tuo, * In tli3 battle between the Lapithae and the Centaurs. « Achilles : c/. Horn. II. ix, 203. 8 BOOK VIII. vi-vni VI Than old Auctus' antiques nothing is more odious — I prefer drinking vessels moulded from Saguntine clay — when he prates of the crazy pedigrees of his silver plate, and by his chattering makes the wine vapid. "These are cups that once belonged to Laoniedon's table : to win these Apollo by his harp-playing built the walls of Troy. With this mixing-bowl fierce Rhoetus joined battle with the Lapithae : ' you see the work- manship is dinted by the fight. These two goblets are valuable because of aged Nestor : the dove is burnished by the rubbing of the Pylian thumb. This is the tankard in which the grandson of Aeacus- ordered a fuller draught and stronger wine be mixed for his friends. In this bowl most beautiful Dido pledged Bitias when her banquet was given to the Plirygian hero." " When you have much admired these ancient chasings, in Priam's cups you will drink Astyanax.* VII Is this your pleading of causes, is this eloquence, Cinna, in ten hours, Cinna, to say nine words .'' And just now in loud tones you asked for four water- clocks ! ^ Oh, what store of silence, Cinna, you possess ! VIII Albeit thou, Janus, givest their beginning to the flying years, and dost with thy visage renew the ■* Aeneas : cf. Verg. Atn. i. 738 * t.c. something very yoang and immature. Astyanax wafi the grandson of Priam. ^ cf. vi. xxxv. 1. 9 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL te primum pia tura rogent, te vota salutent, purpura te felix, te colat omnis honos : tu tamen hoc mavis, Latiae quod contigit urbi mense tuo reducem, lane, videre deum. IX Solvere dodrantem nuper tibi, Quinte, volebat lippus Hylas, luscus vult dare dimidium. accipe quam primum ; brevis est occasio lucri : si fuerit caecus, nil tibi solvet Hylas. X Emit lacernas milibus decem Bassus Tyrias coloris optimi. luerifecit. " Adeo bene emit ? " inquis. immo non solvet, XI Pervenisse tuam iam te scit Rhenus in urbem ; nam populi voces audit et ille tui : Sarmaticas etiam gentes Histrumque Getasque laetitiae clamor terruit ipse novae, dum te longa sacro venerantur gaudia Circo, nemo quater missos currere sensit equos. nullum Roma ducem, nee te sic, Caesar, amavit te quoque iam non plus, ut velit ipsa, potest. TO BOOK VIII. viii-xi long ages, albeit pious incense invokes thee, prayers salute thee first, to thee the consul's joyous purple, to thee every magistrate pays court, yet this thou countest more — it has been thy fortune, Janus, in thine own month to see our god ^ returning home ! IX Hylas, when blear-eyed, Quintus, was willing lately to pay you three-quarters of his debt ; now he is one- eyed he is willing to give half. Take it at once : brief is the opportunity for gain ; if he become blind, Hylas won't pay you a penny. X Bassus has bought a cloak for ten thousand ses- terces, a Tyrian of the best colour. He has made a bargain. " Did he buy so cheap? " you ask. Aye, he is not going to pay. XI That thou hast come to thy city Rhine knows already, for he too hears the voices of thy people: Sarmatian tribes as well, and Hister and the Getae, the very shout of our new-found gladness has af- feared. While in the sacred Circus applause long sustained revered thee, no man perceived the steeds had four times been started. No chief has Rome so loved, nor thee so much, Caesar, as now ; thee too, albeit she would, she cannot now love more. * The Emperor. II THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XII UxoREM quare locupletem ducere nolim quaeritis ? uxori nubere nolo meae. inferior matrona suo sit, Prisce, marito : non aliter fiunt fenaina virque pares. XIII iti mi redde mihi nummos, Gargiliane : sapit. MoRio dictus erat : viginti milibus emi. XIV Pallida ne Cilicum timeant pomaria brumam, mordeat et tenerum fortior aura nemus, hibernis obiecta Notis specularia puros admlttunt soles et sine faece diem, at mihi cella datur non tota clusa fenestra, in qua nee Boreas ipse manere velit. sic habitare iubes veterem crudelis amicum f arboris ergo tuae tutior hospes ero. XV DuM nova Pannonici numeratur gloria belli, omnis et ad reducem dum litat ara lovem, dat populus, dat gratus eqiies, dat tura senatus, et ditant Latias tertia dona tribus, ^ Naturals or cretins were kept aa curiosities : cf. iir. Ixxxii. 24 ; xii. xciii. 3. 12 BOOK VIII. xii-xv XII ** Why am I unwilling to marry a rich wife ? " Do you ask? I am unwilling to take my wife as husband. Let the matron be subject to her husband, Priscus ; in no other way do woman and man become equal. XIII He had been described as an idiot ;^ I bought him for twenty thousand sesterces. Give me back my money, Gargilianus ; he has his wits. XIV That your orchard trees from Cilicia may not grow wan and dread the winter, nor too keen an air nip the tender boughs, glass casements facing the wintry south winds admit the clear suns and daylight un- defiled. But to me is assigned a garret, shut in by an ill-fitting window, in which even Boreas himself would not care to abide. Is it in such a lodging you cruelly bid your old friend dwell ? Then as the guest of one of your trees I shall be more protected.^ XV What time from Pannonian war new glory is added to the tale, and every altar makes fair offerings to greet returning Jove, while the people gives, the grateful knights give, the Senate gives incense, and a third largess makes rich the Latin tribes, Rome ^ cf. a, similar epigram, viii. Ixviii. 13 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL hos quoque secretes memoravit^ Roma trium})hos, 5 nee minor ista tuae laurea pacis erat,^ quod tibi de sancta credis pietate tuorum. principis est virtus maxima nosse suos. XVI PisTOR qui fueras diu, Cypere, causas nunc agis et ducena quaeris : sed consumis et usque mutuaris. a pistore, Cypere, non recedis : et panem facis et facis farinam. 5 XVII Egi, Sexte, tuam pactus duo milia causara. misisti nummos quod mihi mille quid est? "Narrasti nihil" inquis " et a te perdita causa est." tanto plus debes, Sexte, quod erubui. XVIII Si tua, Cerrini, promas epigrammata vulgo, vel mecum possis vel prior ipse legi : sed tibi tantus inest veteris respectus amici, carior ut mea sit quam tua fama tibi. ^ memorabit 0. * erit /3. 1 Domitian had waived a formal triumph, merely dedicat- ing a laurel-wreath (i-^ta lawea, 1. 6) to Jupiter Capitolinus ; Suet. Dom. vi. ; Stat. Sylv. in. iii. 171. 14 BOOK VIII. xv-xviii has made memorable this triumph also, though con- cealed ; ^ nor was the laurel that marks the peace thou bringest of less account, because touching thy people's reverent love thou dost trust thyself.^ A Prince's gx'eatest virtue is to know his own. XVI You who were long a baker, Cyperus, now conduct cases, and look to make two hundred thousand ses- terces a year ; but you squander them, and are continually raising loans. You do not part from your role of baker, Cyperus ; you make your bread — and make your dust fly too.^ XVII I HAVE pleaded your case, Sextus, for an agreed fee of two thousand sesterces. What is the reason you have sent me one thousand ? " You set out none of the facts," you remark, "and by you my case was ruined." You owe me all the more, Sextus; I blushed. XVIII Were you, Cerrinius, to issue your epigi*ams to the public, you might be read in rivalry with me, or even as my superior ; but so great is your regard for your old friend that dearer to you is my fame than your 2 i.e. thou canst rely on the people understanding the greatness of thy victory without a triumph. * i.e. you dissipate your earninga, as grain is reduced to the dust of flour. Or perhaps the metaphor is taken from flour falling through the meshes of a sieve : cf. Pers. iii. 112. 15 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL sic Maro nee Calabri temptavit carmina Flacci, 5 Pindaricos nosset cum superare modos, et Vario cessit Romani laude coturni, cum posset tragico fortius ore loqui. aurum et opes et rura frequens donabit amicus : qui velit ingenio cedere rarus evit. 10 XIX Pauper videri Cinna vult ; et est pauper. XX Cum facias versus nulla non luce ducenos, Vare, nihil recitas. non sapis, atque sapis. XXI Phosphore, redde diem: quid gaudia nostra moraris? Caesare venturo, Phosphore, redde diem. Roma rogat. placidi numquid te pigra Bootae plaustra vehunt, lento quod nimis axe venis ? Ledaeo poteras abducere Cyllaron astro : 5 ipse suo cedet nunc tibi Castor equo. quid cupidum Titana tenes ? iam Xanthus et Aethon frena volunt, vigilat Memnonis alma parens, tarda tamen nitidae non cedunt sidera luci, et cupit Ausonium luna videre ducem. 10 iam, Caesar, vel nocte veni : stent astra licebit, non derit populo te veniente dies. ' Horace. * It is fatal to appear poor : cf. v. Ixxxi. ' The Constellation of the Lesser Bear. i6 BOOK VIII. xviii-xxi own. So Maro did not even attempt the lyrics of Calabrian Flaccus,^ although his skill might have surpassed the measures of Pindar, and he gave place to Varius in the renown of the Roman buskin, though he might have spoken in tragic tone with stronger voice. Gold and possessions and lands many a friend will bestow : he who is willing to yield in genius will be rare. XIX CiNNA wishes to appear poor, and he is poor.^ XX Although no day passes but you compose two hundred verses. Varus, you recite none of them. You have no wit — and yet are wise. XXI Phosphor, bring us back day ; why puttest thou off our joys ? Now Caesar comes, Phosphor, bring us back day, Rome begs thee. Doth the sluggish wain of slow-twisting Bootes ^ bear thee, that thou comest with too slow an axle ? Thou mightest have withdrawn Cyllarus* from Leda's constellation; freely will Castor now yield his steed to thee. Why stayest thou eager Titan .'' Already Xanthus and Aethon ^ look for the reins ; Memnon's kindly Mother^ wakes. Yet the slow stars yield not to glowing light, and the moon longs to see Ausonia's Chief. Now, Caesar, come thou, even by night ; let the stars stand still ; the people, when thou comest, shall not want for day. * The horse of Castor : cf. viii. xxviii. 8. * Horses of the Sun : cf. in. Ixvii. 5. * Aurora, goddess of the morning. 17 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXII Invitas ad aprum, ponis mihi, Gallice, porcum. hybrida sum, si das, Gallice, verba mihi. XXIII Esse tibi videor saevus nimiumque gulosus, qui propter cenam, Rustice, caedo cocum. si levis ista tibi flagrorum causa videtur, ex qua vis causa vapulet ergo cocus ? XXIV Si quid forte petam timido gracilique libello, inproba non fuerit si mea charta, dato. et si non dederis, Caesar, permitte rogari : ofFendunt nuraquam tura precesque lovem. qui fingit sacros auro vel mamiore vultus, 5 non facit ille deos : qui rogat, ille facit. XXV ViDisTi semel, Oppiane, tantum aegrum me : male saepe te videbo. XXVI NoN tot in Eois timuit Gangeticus arvis raptor, in Hyrcano qui fugit albus equo, quot tua Roma novas vidit, Germanice, tigres, delicias potuit nee numerare suas. ^ Hybrida were supposed to want sense. A hybrid pri- marily meant the oftspring of a sow vnd of a wild boar : q/". Plin. N. H. viii. 79. i8 BOOK VIII. xxii-xxvi XXII You invite me to a boar ; you set before me, Gal- licus, a pig. I am a hybrid ^ myself if you can deceive me, Gallicus. XXIII I APPEAR to you cruel and over gluttonous because, on account of the dinner, Rusticus, I lash my cook. If that seem to you a slight reason for a beating, for what reason, then, do you wish a cook to be flogged ? XXIV If I may by chance ask for something in my bashful and slender little volume, if my page be not overbold, do thou grant it. And even if thou shalt not grant it, Caesar, allow the asking: incense and prayers never offend Jove. He who shapes sacred lineaments in gold or marble does not make gods : he makes them who prays. XXV You came to see me once only when I was ill. It will go badly with me if I see you often. ^ XXVI Tigresses not so many has the robber ^ dreaded in Eastern fields by Ganges' side, as he flies with pale face on his Hyrcanian steed, as but now thy Rome, Germanicus, has seen, nor could she count what gave * c/. v. ix. * i.e. of cubs. J9 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL vincit Erythraeos tua, Caesar, harena triumphos 5 et victoris opes divitiasque dei : nam cum captives ageret sub curribus Indos, contentus gemina tigride Bacchus erat. XXVII MuNERA qui tibi dat locupleti, Gaure, seniqu*, si sapis et sentis, hoc tibi ait " Morere." XXVIII Die, toga, facundi gratum mihi munus amici, esse velis cuius fama decusque gregis ? Apula Ledaei tibi floruit herba Phalanthi, qua saturat Calabris culta Galaesus aquis ? an Tartesiacus stabuli nutritor Hiberi 5 Baetis in Hesperia te quoque lavit ove ? an tua multifidum numeravit lana Timavum, quem pius astrifero Cyllarus ore bibit ? te nee Amyclaeo decuit livere veneno nee Miletos erat vellere digna tuo. 10 lilia tu vincis nee adhuc delapsa ligustra et Tiburtino monte quod albet ebur ; Spartanus tibi cedet olor Paphiaeque columbae, cedet Erythraeis eruta gemma vadis : sed licet haec primis nivibus sint aemula dona, 15 non sunt Parthenio candidiora suo. ^ Bacchus, according to myth, made an expedition into the East, where he taught the conquered nations tlie use of the vine. He was represented as drawn by tigers. 20 BOOK VIII. xxvi-xxviii her delight. Thy Arena, Caesar, has surpassed Indian triumphs and the wealth and riches of the victor god ; 1 for Bacchus, while he drove beneath the yoke the captive Indians, was content with two tigresses alone. XXVII He who gives presents, Gaurus, to you, a rich man and old, if you have wit and sense, says this to you — " Die." XXVIII Say, Toga, welcome gift to me of my eloquent friend, of what flock wouldst thou be the fame and glory? Did the Apulian herbage of Spartan Phalan- thus flourish for thy sake, where Galaesus^ floods the tilth with Calabrian waters? or did Tartessian Baetis, nurse of H Iberian flocks, wash thee too on the back of a Spanish sheep ? 3 or has thy wool counted the mouths of many-cleft Timavus, whereof trusty Cyl- larus,^ now amid the stars, once drank? Thee it beseemed not to darken with Spartan dye, nor was Miletus worthy to stain thy fleece. Lilies thou dost outshine, and privet yet unfallen, and the ivory that gleams white on Tibur's mount ; Sparta's swan shall yield to thee and Paphian doves, there shall yield the pearl plucked out from Eastern shoals. Yet, albeit this gift vies with new fallen snow, 'tis not more dazzling white ^ than Parthenius its giver. 2 A river near Tarentum founded by the Spartan Phalan- thus. The district was famed for the fine fleeces of its sheep : cf. Hor. Od. ii. vi. 10. ' (/. v. xxxvii. 7. * cf. IV. XXV. 6. ^ An allusion to the etymology of Parthenius' name (Trap- Qivioi = virgin-white). 21 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL non ego praetulerim Babylonos picta superbae texta Samiramia quae variantur acu ; non Atliamanteo potius me mirer in auro, Aeolium denes si mihi, Phrixe, pecus. 20 o quantos risus pariter spectata movebit cum Palatina nostra lacerna toga ! XXIX DisTicHA qui scribit, puto, vult brevitate placere. quid prodest brevitas, die mihi, si liber est ? XXX Qui nunc Caesareae lusus spectatur harenae, temporibus Bruti gloria summa fuit. aspicis ut teneat flammas poenaque fruatur, fortis et attonito regnet in igne manus I ipse sui spectator adest et nobile dextrae 5 funus amat : totis pascitur ilia sacris ; quod nisi rapta foret nolenti poena, parabat saevior in lassos ire sinistra focos. scire piget post tale decus quid fecerit ante : quam vidi satis banc est mihi nosse manura. 10 XXXI Nescio quid de te non belle, Dento, fateris, coniuge qui ducta iura paterna petis. sed iam supplicibus dominum lassare libellis desine et in patriam serus ab urbe redi : ' Phryxua' ram with the golden fleece : cf. ' A hint for a new cloak. ^ ^ ,_ VI. iii. 6, A hint for a new cloak. 22 BOOK VIII. xxvm-xxxi I could not more prize proud Babylon's painted tapestry embroidered by Semiramis' needle ; no more should I admire myself in gold of Athamas, if thou, Phryxus, wert to give me the ram of Aeolus' son.^ Oh, what laughter will my worn cloak excite seen together with this toga from the Palatine ! ^ XXIX He who writes distichs wishes, I imagine, to please by brevity. What is the use of brevity, tell me, if it constitute a book ? XXX What now entertains as a spectacle in Caesar's Arena was in Brutus' days their chiefest glory.^ You see how the hand grasps the flame and relishes its punishment, and bravely lords it amid the astonished fire ! His own spectator is he, and he admires his right hand's noble death ; in the full sacrifice that hand delights. Had not, against its will, that penalty been denied it, his left hand — fiercer still — was ready to pass to the sated hearth. I care not, after such a feat, to learn what was its crime before : enough for me to have known the prowess of the liand I saw. XXXI 'Tis not a pretty sort of confession, Dento, you make about yourself, who, after you have married a wife, ask for paternal rights.* Cease at last with suppliant petitions to weary our Master, and, though late, return from the city to your own country. ' (/. X. XXV., where a different view is taken of Mucius' heroism. * c/. ii, xci. and xcii. 23 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nam dum tu longe deserta uxore diuque tres quaeris natos, quattuor invenies. XXXII Aera per taciturn delapsa sedentis in ipsos fluxit Aratullae blanda columba sinus, luserat hoc casus, nisi inobservata maneret perniissaque sibi nollet abire fuga. si meliora piae fas est sperare sorori et dominum mundi flectere vota valent, haec a Sardois tibi forsitan exulis oris, fratre reversuro, nuntia venit avis. XXXIII De praetoricia folium mihi, Paule, corona mittis et hoc phialae nomen habere iubes. hac fuerat nuper nebula tibi pegma perunctum, pallida quam rubri diluit unda croci. an niagis astuti derasa est ungue ministri 5 brattea, de fulcro quam reor esse tuo ? ilia potest culicem longe sentire volantem et minimi pinna papilionis agi ; exiguae volitat suspensa vapore lucernae et leviter fuso rumpitur icta mero. 10 hoc linitur sputo lani caryota Kalendis, quam fert cum parco sordidus asse cliens. 1 Paulus {cf. VII. Ixxii.) had sent M. a cup of such thin metal that it could hardly be called a cup. An epigram against paltry gifts. 24 BOOK VIII. xxxi-xxxiii Otherwise, after deserting your wife at such a dis- tance and for so long, while you are seeking three sons you will discover four ! XXXII Gliding down through the still air, a winsome dove fluttered into AretuUa's very bosom as she sat. Chance might have played the freak had not the bird stayed, all unguarded, and refused to take the flight permitted to it. If a loving sister may hope for happier things, and prayers avail to move the Master of the World, belike from Sardinia's shores this bird came to thee, the exile's messenger, to herald thy brother's return, XXXIII From your praetor's crown, Paulus, you send me a leaf and require this to be called a bowl.^ With this film your platform ^ was lately coated, and the pale stream of red saffron ^ washed it away. Or rather was it a flake — I think, belonging to the leg of your couch — scraped off by the nail of a cunning slave ? It can from a distance feel the fluttering of a gnat, and be wafted by the wing of the very smallest but- terfly ; it floats in air, kept up by the heat of a tiny lamp, and, splashed with wine even lightly sprinkled, it dissolves. With such a layer is coated on the Kalends of January the nut * which a shabby client brings as a gift together with small coin. Pliant 2 cf. Lib. Sped. ii. 2. » c/. Lib. Sped. iii. 8. * Symbolic gifts, like Easter eggs : cf. xiii. xxvii : Ov. F. i. 189. VOL. II. B 25 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL lenta minus gracili crescunt colocasia filo, plena magis nimio lilia sole cadunt ; nee vaga tam tenui discurrit aranea tela, 15 tam leve nee bombyx pendulus urget opus, crassior in facie vetulae stat creta Fabullae, crassior offensae bulla tumescit aquae ; fortior et tortos servat vesica capillos et mutat Latias spuma Batava comas. 20 hac cute Ledaeo vestitur pullus in ovo, talia lunata splenia fronte sedent. quid tibi cum phiala, ligulam cum mittere possis, mittere cum possis vel cocleare mihi, (magna nimis loquimur), cocleam cum mittere possis, denique cum possis mittere, Paule, nihil ? 26 XXXIV Archetypum Myos argentum te dicis habere. quod sine te factum est hoc magis archetypum est? XXXV Cum sitis similes paresque vita, uxor pessinia, pessimus maritus, miror non bene convenire vobis. XXXVI Regia pyramidum, Caesar, miracula ride ; iam tacet Eoum barbara Memphis opus: ^ A kind of soap giving the hair a light hue: cf. xiv. xxvi. * cf. II. xxix. 9. ^ An ancient Greek artist, famous for working in silver : c/. XIV. xcv. He was contemporary with Phidias. 26 BOOK VIII. xxxiii-xxxvi Egyptian beans grow with a less slender filament, of thicker mould are lily leaves that fall beneath the overpowering sun ; nor does the spider dart about a web so slender, nor the pendulous silkworm ply a work so light. Denser stands the chalk on old Fabulla's face, denser swells the bubble in tumbled water, and stronger is the bladder-net that confines knotted locks, and the Batavian pomade ^ that trans- forms Latin tresses. With skin like this is clothed the chick in a swan's egg, such are the patches that rest on a crescent-plastered ^ brow. What use have you for a bowl when you can send me a tablespoon, when you can send me even a snail-pick — I am sug- gesting too great things — when you can send me a snail-shell : in a word, when you, Paul us, can send me nothing? XXXIV You say you have a piece of silver, a genuine antique by Mys.^ Is that which was made without your assistance any the more an antique .'' * XXXV Seeing that you are like one another, and a pair in your habits, vilest of wives, vilest of husbands, I wonder you don't agree 1 XXXVI Laugh, Caesar, at the regal wonders of the Pyra- mids: now barbaric Memphis speaks not of her * Perhaps addressed to a sihersmith who was in the habit of " faking " his antiiiues. " You may not have faked this," says M., " but that does not prove it genuine." 27 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL pars quota Parrhasiae labor est Mareoticus aulae ! clarius in toto nil videt orbe dies, septenos pariter credas adsurgere montes ; 5 Thessalicum brevior Pelion Ossa tulit ; aethera sic intrat nitidis ut conditus astris inferiore tonet nube serenus apex et prius arcano satietur numine Phoebi nascentis Circe quam videt ora patris. 10 haec, Auguste, tamen, quae vertice sidera pulsat, par domus est caelo sed minor est domino. XXXVII Quod Caietano reddis, Polycharme, tabellas, milia te centum nam tribuisse putas .'' "Debuit haec" inquis. tibi habe, Polycharme, tabellas et Caietano milia crede duo. XXXVIII Qui praestat pietate pertinaci sensuro bona liberal itatis, captet forsitan aut vicem reposcat. at si quis dare nomini relicto post manes tumulumque perse verat, 5 quaerit quid nisi parcius dolere .'' refert sis bonus an velis videri. praestas hoc, Melior, sciente fama, qui sollemnibus anxius sepulti nomen non sinis interire Blaesi, 10 * cf VII. Ivi. \^f Til. 1*1. ^ When the giants attempted to scale heaven in their war with the gods, they piled Pelion upon Ossa, both mountains in Thessaly 28 BOOK VIII. xxxvi-xxxviii Eastern work. How small a part of the Palatine hall 1 would Egypt's toil achieve ! Nothing so grand the eye of day sees in all the world. You would believe the seven hills uprose all together ; Ossa with Thessalian Pelion atop was not so high ;2 Heaven it so pierces that, hidden amid the lustrous stars, its peak echoes sunlit to the thunder in the cloud below, and is sated with Phoebus' mystic power ere Circe ^ views her sire's springing face. And yet, Augustus, this palace that with its pinnacle touches the stars, though level with Heaven, is less than its lord. XXXVII Because, Polycharmus, you return to Caietanus his bond, do you really imagine you have given him a hundred thousand sesterces? "He owed this sum," you say. Keep your bond, Polycharmus, and trust Caietanus with two thousand.* XXXVIII He who with constant devotion bestows gifts on one who will feel the bounty's good, fishes perhaps or claims return. But if any man persist in giving to the name that survives death and the tomb, what profit seeks he but assuagement of grief .^ Wide is the difference 'twixt goodness and pretence. This gift, as fame knows, you, Melior, make; who, in your care, by solemn rites forbid to perish the name of buried Blaesus, and that his birthday should be * Daughter of the Sun, which was said to strike first upon her island. Here put for Circeii in Latium. * cf. a similar epigram, ix. cii. 29 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et de munifica profusus area ad natalicium diem colendum scribarum memori piaeque turbae quod donas, facis ipse Blaesianum. hoc longum tibi, vita dum manebit, 15 hoc et post cineres erit tributum. XXXIX Qui Palatinae caperet convivia mensae ambrosiasque dapes non erat ante locus : hie haurire decet sacrum, Germanice, nectar et Ganymedea pocula mixta manu. esse velis, ore, serus conviva Tonantis : at tu si properas, luppiter, ipse veni. XL NoN horti neque palmitis beati sed rari nemoris, Priape, custos, ex quo natus es et potes renasci, furaces, raoneo, manus repellas et silvam domini focis reserves : 6 si defecerit haec, et ipse lignum es. XLI "Tristis Athenagoras non misit munera nobis quae medio brumae mittere mense solet." an sit Athenagoras tristis, Faustine, videbo : me certe tristem fecit Athenagoras. ' He endows the guild of scribes with a fund out of which 3° BOOK VIII. xxxviii-xLi kept, in your lavish bounty out of a princely coffer to the school of scribes — a company that remembers him and loves — yourself celebrate a feast to Blaesus.^ This shall be your long-enduring tribute while life shall last, this also after you are dust. XXXIX Large enough to hold the revels of the Palatine board and its ambrosial feasts, was no place hereto- fore ; here it beseems thee, Germanicus, to quaff thy nectar divine, and cups blent by Ganymede's hand. May it be late, I beseech thee, that thou dost consent to be the Thunderer's guest; but do thou, Jupiter, if thou art impatient, come hither thyself. XL Priapus, guardian, not of parterre or blooming vine, but of the thin wood wherefVom thou wert born and canst be born again, keep off, 1 warn thee, thievish hands, and preserve my copse for its master's hearth. If this copse fail, thou also art wood 1^ XLI " Athenagoras regrets he did not send me the presents he is used to send in the middle of winter's month." Whether Athenagoras regrets, Faustinus, I will consider ; me, at any rate, Athenagoras made regret. to celebrate annually the birthday of B. "In effect," says M , " you do this yourself every year." ' i.e. and may be burned instead. Horace (Sat. i. viii. 2) with like flippancy treats Priapus as little better than wood. 31 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLII Si te sportula maior ad beatos non corriiperit, ut solet, licebit de nostro, Matho, centies laveris. XLIII Effert uxores Fabius, Chrestilla maritos, funereamque toris quassat uterque facem. victores conimitte, Venus : quos iste manebit exitus, una duos ut Libitina ferat. XLIV TiTULLE, moneo, vive : semper hoc serum est ; sub paedagogo coeperis licet, serum est. at tu, miser Titulle, nee senex vivis, sed omne limen conteris salutator et mane sudas urbis osculis udus, 5 foroque triplici sparsus ante equos omnis aedemque Martis et colosson Augusti curris per omnis tertiasque quintasque. rape, congere, aufer, posside : relinquendum est. superba densis area palleat nummis, 10 centum explicentur paginae Kalendarum : iurabit heres te nihil reliquisse, supraque pluteum te iacente vel saxum, fartus papyro dum tibi torus crescit, flentis superbus basiabit eunuchos ; 15 tuoque tristis filius, velis nolis, cum concubino nocte dormiet prima. 1 A hundred farthings {qnadranlei) was the client's usual allowance (c/. III. vii. 1), and a quadrans was the price of a bath. 32 BOOK VIII. xLii-xLiv XLII If greater dole has not, as is usual, bribed you to court wealthy men, you may bathe, Matho, a hundred times at my expense.^ XLIII Fabius buries his wives, Chrestilla her husbands, and each of them waves the funeral torch over a marriage-bed. Match the victors, Venus ; this is the end that will await them — one funeral to convey the pair. XLIV TiTULLus, I warn you, live your life : ever this comes late ; though you begin under a pedagogue, 'tis late. But you, wretched Titullus, do not live even in old age, but wear out every threshold at levees, and sweat at daybreak beslavered with the kisses of the town ; and in the three Forums, mud- bespattered in front of all the Equestrian statues, and the Temple of Mars, and the Colossus ^ of Augustus, you hurry ever from the third to the fifth hours.^ Plunder, hoard, rob, possess : you must resign it all. Let your proud money-chest be yellow with crowded coins, an hundred })ages of debts due on the Kalends be opened, your heir will swear you have left no- thing. And even when you are laid out on bier or stone, while, stuffed with papyrus, your pyre is growing high, he will in insolence kiss the weeping eunuchs ; and your mourning son, whether you wish it or not, will tlie first night sleep with your favourite. ^ A bronze statue of Augustus in the Forum that bore his name. ' i.e. during the business hours of the day : cf. iv. viii. 2, 3. 33 B 2 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLV Priscus ab Aetnaeis mihi, Flacce, Terentius oris redditur : hanc lucem lactea gemma notet ; defluat et lento splendescat turbida lino amphora centeno consule facta minor, continget nox quando meis tam Candida mensis ? 5 tam iusto dabitur quando calere mero ? cum te, Flacce, mihi reddet Cythereia Cypros, luxuriae fiet tam bona causa meae. XLVI Quanta tua est probitas tanta est infantia formae, Ceste puer, puero castior Hippolyto. te secum Diana velit doceatque natare, te Cybele totum mallet habere Phryge ; * tu Ganymedeo poteras succedere lecto, 5 sed durus domino basia sola dares, felix, quae tenerum vexabit sponsa maritum et quae te faciet prima puella virum ! XLVII Pars maxillarum tonsa est tibi, pars tibi rasa est, pars vulsa est. unum quis putet esse caput? ^ Phryge Brodaeus, phryga Codd. Houstnan suggests molli mallet habtre Phryge. ' <^. XIV. ciii. and civ. 34 BOOK VIII. xLv-xLvii XLV Terentius Priscus is given back to me, Flaccus, from Etna's shore : this day let a milk-white pearl mark ! and let the wine-jar, shrunken through a hundred consulships, be outpoured, and its dull- ness grow bright, slowly strained through linen.^ When shall a night so fair again bless my board ? When shall I be allowed to warm with wine so justly earned ? When Cytherean Cyprus shall give thee, Flaccus, back to me, as good a cause shall arise for my revelry. XLVI Even as thy modesty is thy childish grace of form, boy Cestus, than boy Hippolytus^ more chaste. Thee would Diana-' wish, and teach, to swim with her, thee, not unmanned, would Cybele prefer to the Phrygian;* thou mightest have succeeded to the bed of Ganymede/ but in thy hardness kisses only wouldst thou have given thy lord. Happy the bride that shall provoke her youthful spouse, the maid that first shall make of thee a raun I XLVII Part of your jaws are clipped, part is shaved, part is plucked of hairs. Who would imagine this to be a single head ? * Who rejected the solicitation of his stepmother Phaedra. ' The virgin goddess of chastity. * The emasculated Attis : c/. v. xli. 2, * cf. I. vL 1. 35 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLVIII Nescit cui dederit Tyriam Crispinus abollam, dum mutat cultus induiturque togam. quisquis babes, umeris sua miinera redde, precamur: non boc Crispinus te sed abolla rogat. non quicumque capit saturatas murice vestes 5 nee nisi deHciis convenit iste color, si te praeda iuvat foedique insania lucri, qua possis meHus fallere, sume togam. XLIX FoRMosAM sane sed caecus dibgit Asper. plus ergo, ut res est, quam videt Asper amat. Quanta Gigantei memoratur mensa triumphi quantaque nox superis omnibus ilia fuit, qua bonus accubuit genitor cum plebe deorum et licuit Faunis poscere vina lovem, tanta tuas celebrant, Caesar, convivia laurus ; 5 exhilarant ipsos gaudia nostra deos. vescitur omnis eques tecum populusque patresque et capit ambrosias cum duce Roma dapes. grandia pollicitus quanto maiora dedisti ! promissa est nobis sportula, recta data est. 10 ^ A ■well-known fop : cf. Cum vema Canopi | Crispinus, Tyriaa humero revocante lacernas : Juv, i. 27. 36 BOOK VIII. xLviii-L XLVIII Crispinus^ does not know to whom he gave his Tyrian cloak while he was changing his dress and putting on his toga. Whoever you are who have it, restore to his shoulders their own endowment, we beg you : Crispinus does not ask this of you, but the cloak does. Not everyone sets off a robe steeped in purple : only daintiness that colour suits. If looting attract you, and a mad rage for disgraceful gain, to escape notice the better, select a toga ! 2 XI.TX AsPER loves a woman who is undoubtedly lovely, but he is blind ; so Asper, as the fact is, loves more than he sees.' Great as was the storied feast for triumph over the Giants, and great as was to all the High gods that night on which the good Sire reclined at table with the common crowd of gods, and Fauns had licence to call on Jove for wine ; so great a banquet, Caesar, celebrates thy laurels won : our joys make glad the very gods themselves. Every knight feasts along with thee, the people too, and the Fathers, and Rome together with her Chief partakes am- brosial fare. Large things didst thou promise : how much greater hast thou given ! A dole was promised us, a banquet has been given. * As being universal wear. • Cf. V. XV. 37 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LI Quis labor in phiala ? docti Myos anne Myronos ? Mentoris haec manus est an, Polyclite, tua ? livescit nulla caligine fusca nee odit exploratores, nubila massa, focos. vera minus flavo radiant electra metallo 5 et niveum felix pustula vincit ebur. materiae non cedit opus : sic alligat orbem, plurima cum tota lampade luna nitet. Stat caper Aeolio Thebani vellere Phrixi cultus : ab hoc mallet vecta fuisse soror ; 10 hunc nee Cinyphius tonsor violaverit et tu ipse tua pasci vite, Lyaee, velis. terga premit pecudis geminis Amor aureus alis ; Palladius tenero lotos ab ore sonat : sic Methymnaeo gavisus Arione delphin 15 languida non taciturn per freta vexit onus, imbuat egregium digno mihi nectare munus non grege de domini sed tua, Ceste, manus ; Ceste, decus mensae, misce Setina : videtur ipse puer nobis, ipse sitire caper. 20 det numerum cyathis Istanti ^ littera Rufi : auctor enim tanti muneris ille mihi : ^ Istanti Munro, instanti $, instantis y. ' All Greek artists of past days, renowned for chasing or sculpture. * The golden fleece of the ram that bore Phr3'xus and Helle over the sea : cf. viii. xxviii. 20. ' cf. vii. xcv. 13. 38 BOOK VIII. u LI Whose labour is in the bowl ? was it of artist Mys or of Myron? Is this Mentor's hand, or, Poly- clitus, thine ?^ No darkness gives it a dull leaden hue, nor is it a cloudy mass that shrinks from as- saying fires. True amber is less radiant than its yellow ore, and the fine frosted silver surpasses snow- white ivory. The workmanship yields not to the material : even so the moon rounds her orb when she shines in fullness with all her light. There stands a he-goat prankt in the Aeolian fleece of Theban Phryxus ^ ; by such his sister would more gladly have been borne ; such a goat no Cinyphian barber' would deform, and thou thyself, Lyaeus, wouldst consent to his cropping thine own vine.* A Love in gold, two-winged, loads the back of the beast; the pipe of Pallas sounds from his tender lips ; in such wise the dolphin, blithe with the burden of Methymnaean Arion,* bore him, no unmelodious freight, o'er tranquil seas. Let no hand from the master's crowd of slaves, only thy hand, Cestus, first fill this peerless gift for me with fitting nectar ; Cestus, the banquet's pride, mix thou the Setine : the very boy, the very goat, methinks, is athirst. Let the letters of Istantius Rufus' '' name assign their number to our measures of wine," for he was the source to me of so proud a gift. If Telethusa come, * Juv. alludes to this : i. 76 {stantem extra poada caprmn). * A celebrated harpist, who, to escape the crew of the vessel carrying him to Corinth with his wealth, leaped, it is said, into the sea after playing a last time on his harp : cf. Herod, i. 23, 24 * A friend of M.: cf. viii. Ixxiii. 1. * As to this practice, cf. ix. iciii. 8 ; xi. xxxvi. 8. 39 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL si Telethusa venit promissaque gaudia portat, servabor dominae, Rufe, triente tuo ; si dubia est, septunce trahar; si fallit amantem, 25 ut iugulem curas, nomen utrumque bibam. LII ToNSOREM puerum sed arte talem qualis nee Thalamus fiiit Neronis, Drusorum cui contigere barbae, aequandas semel ad genas rogatus Rufo, Caediciane, commodavi. 5 dum iussus repetit pilos eosdem, censura speculi manum regente, expingitque cutem facitque longam detonsis epaphaeresin capillis, barbatus mihi tonsor est reversus. 10 LIII FoRMosissiMA quae fuere vel sunt, sed vilissima quae fuere vel sunt, o quam te fieri, Catulla, vellem formosam minus aut magis pudicam ! LIV Magna licet totiens tribuas, maiora daturas dona, ducum victor, victor et ipse tui, diligeris populo non propter praemia, Caesar, te propter populus praemia, Caesar, amat. * cf. I. cvi. « M. intends to drink to the vocative, ?'.«. Rufe, Istanti, etc. ' Probably the Emperors Claudius and Nero, who bore this name before they became Emperors. 40 BOOK VIII. Li-Liv and bring her promised joys, I will keep myself for my mistress, Rufus, by drinking your four measures;^ if she be doubtful, I shall while away the time by seven ; if she fail her lover, then, to throttle care, I will drink both your names.^ LII A BARBER, young, but such an artist as not even was Nero's Thalamus, to whom fell the beards of the Drusi,^ I lent, on his request, Caedicianus, to Rufus to smooth his cheeks once. While at command he was going over the same hairs, guiding his hand by the judgment of the mirror, and rougeing the skin, and making a second thorough clip of the close-cut hair, my barber returned to me with a beard.* LIII Most beautiful of all women who have been or are, but vilest of all who have been or are,^ oh, how I could wish, CatuUa, you could become less beautiful or more pure 1 LIV A I.BEIT thou givest so oft great gifts, and shalt give greater, O thou victor over Captains and victor withal over thyself,^ thou art loved by the people, Caesar, not because of thy boons ; 'tis because of thee, Caesar, the people loves thy boons. * cf. vn. Ixxxiii. ' An echo of the style of Catullus : cf. xxi. 2 and xxiv. 2. • i.e. whose virtues (or bounties) increase day by day. 41 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LV AuDiTUR quantum Massyla per avia murmur, innumero quotiens silva leone furit, pallidas attonitos ad Poena mapalia pastor cum revocat tauros et sine mente pecus, tantus in Ausonia fremuit modo terror harena. 5 quis non esse gregem crederet ? unus erat ; sed cuius tremerent ipsi quoque iura leones, cui diadema daret marmore picta Nomas, o quantum per colla decus, quem sparsit honorem aurea lunatae, cum stetit, umbra iubae ! 10 grandia quam decuit latum venabula pectus quantaque de magna gaudia morte tulit! unde tuis, Libye, tam felix gloria silvis ? a Cybeles numquid venerat ille iugo ? an magis Herculeo, Germanice, misit ab astro 15 banc tibi vel frater vel pater ipse feram ? LVI Temporibus nostris aetas cum cedat avorura creverit et maior cum duce Roma suo, ingenium sacri miraris desse Maronis nee quemquam tanta bella sonare tuba, sint Maecenates, non derunt, Flacce, Marones Vergiliumque tibi vel tua rura dabunt. iugera perdiderat miserae vicina Cremonae flcbat et abductas Tityrus aeger oves : risit Tuscus eques paupertatemque malignam reppulit et celeri iussit abire fuga. 10 1 i.e. in the presence of the emperor. » A yoke of lions was the sign of Cybele. 42 BOOK VIII. Lv-LVi LV Loun as is heard the roar through Massylian wilds, oft as the woodland riots with countless lion-hordes, what time the pale shepherd recalls to his Punic stead the startled bulls and flock dismayed, so great a terror roared but now on Ausonia's sand. Who but would deem it a herd ? 'Twas a single beast, but one whose laws even the very lions would tremble at, to whom marble-dight Numidia would assign a crown. Oh, what glory, what dignity did not the tawny cloud of his curved mane, when it stood erect, shed upon his, neck ! How that broad breast became mighty spears, and how great joy he won by his noble death I ^ Whence came, Libya, so blest an honour to thy woods? Had he come down from Cybele's yoke ? ^ Or rather, did thy brother, Ger- mauicus, or thy sire himself, send down this beast from Hercules' star ? ' LVI Although our grandsires' age yields to our own times, and Rome has waxed greater in company with her chief, you wonder divine Maro's genius is seen no more, and that no man with such a trump as his blows loud of war. Let there be many a Maecenas, many a Maro, Flaccus, will not fail, and even your fields will give you a Virgil. Tityrus,* sick at heart, had lost his lands nigh ill-starred Cremona, and was weeping for his plun- dered sheep : the Tuscan knight smiled, and dis- pelled malignant poverty, and bade it go in hurried ' Had Titus or Vespasian, now gods, sent down the Nemean lion slain by Hercules from the constellation Leo? if. IV. Ivii. 5. * Representing Virgil in the Bucolics. 43 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL " Accipe divitias et vatum maximus esto ; tu licet et nostrum" dixit "Alexin ames." adstabat domini mensis pulcherrimus ille marmorea fundens nigra Falerna manu, et libata dabat roseis carchesia labris 15 quae poterant ipsum sollicitare lovem. excidit attonito pinguis Galatea poetae, Thestylis et rubras messibus usta genas ; protinus " Italiam " concepit et " Arma vinimque," qui modo vix Culicem fleverat ore rudi. 20 quid Varios Marsosque loquar ditataque vatum nomina, magnus erit quos numerare labor? ergo ego Vergilius, si munera Maecenatis des mihi ? Vergilius non ero, Marsus ero. LVII Tres habuit dentes, pariter quos expuit omnes, ad tumulum Picens dum sedet ipse suum ; collggitque sinu fragmenta novissima laxi oris et adgesta contumulavit humo. ossa licet quondam defuncti non legat heres : 5 hoc sibi iam Picens praestitit orticium. LVIII Cum tibi tam crassae sint, Artemidore, lacernae, possim te Sagarim iure vocare meo. LIX Aspicis hunc uno contentum lumine, cuius lippa sub adtrita fronte lacuna patet? * rf. V. xvi. 12. ' Characters in the Bucolics, 44 BOOK VIII. Lvi-ux flight. " Take wealth, and be greatest of bards : you," he said, "may love even my Alexis." ^ That boy most fair was standing by his master's board, pouring the dark Falernian with hand marble-fair, and offered the beaker tasted first by his rosy lips, lips that might tempt Jove himself. Plump Galatea ^ fell away from the inspired bard and Thestylis - with her cheeks burnt red by harvest; at once "Italy" he conceived, and "Arms and the man," ^ he who but now in song untrained had with effort wept for a gnat.* Why should I speak of Variuses and Mar- suses, and tell the names of poets enriched, whom 'twere a long task to number? Shall I then be a Virgil if you give me the gifts of a Maecenas ? I shall not be a Virgil, a Marsus^ shall I be. LVII PicENS had three teeth, all of which he spat out at once as he was sitting by his own tomb ; and he gathered up in his lap the latest fragments of his loosened jaws, and entombed them in piled-up earth. His heir some day need not gather up the dead man's bones : that office Picens has already per- formed for himself. LVIII Seeing that your cloaks, Artemidorus, are so thick, I might rightly call you Sagaris.^ LIX You see this fellow who puts up with one eye, under whose shameless brow a sightless socket gapes .'' •* Italy =? Qeorgia, "arms, etc." — Aeneid. * Culex, an early poem. * cf. iv. xxix. 8. ' A play on words. Sagum was a thick military cloak. 45 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ne contemne caput, nihil est furacius illo ; non fuit Autolyci tam piperata inanus. hunc tu convivam cautus servare memento : 5 tunc furit atque oculo luscus utroque videt. pocula solliciti perdunt ligulasque ministri et latet in tepido plurima mappa sinu ; lapsa nee a cubito subducere pallia nescit et tectus laenis saepe duabus abit ; 10 nee dormitantem vernam fraudare lucerna erubuit fallax, ardeat ilia licet, si nihil invasit, puerum tunc arte dolosa circuit et soleas subripit ipse suas. LX SuMMA Palatini poteras aequare Colossi, si fieres brevior, Claudia, sesquipede. LXI LiVET Charinus, rumpitur, furit, plorat et quaerit altos unde pendeat ramos : non iam quod orbe cantor et legor toto, nee umbilicis quod decorus et cedro spargor per omnes Roma quas tenet gentes, 5 sed quod sub urbe rus habemus aestivum vehimurque mulis non ut ante conductis. quid inprecabor, o Severe, liventi ? hoc opto : mulas habeat et suburbanum. ' The son of Mercury, patron of thieves, and himself the typical thief. f6 BOOK VIII. Lix-Lxi Don't despise the man, he is thievishness itself; Auto- lycus' ^ hand was not so sharp. When he is your guest remember to watch him carefully : then he runs amok and, though one-eyed, sees with either. Cups and dessert-spoons the anxious servants lose, and there lurks many a napkin in his warm bosom ; nor is he ignorant how to withdraw by stealth even the mantle slipt from your elbow, and often he goes away clad in two cloaks ; and the cunning thief does not blush to rob a sleeping home-born slave of his lamp, although it is alight. If he has seized nothing, then with crafty skill he circumvents his slave and filches his very own slippers ! LX You might reach to the top of the Palatine Colossus 2 if you, Claudia, were to grow shorter by a foot and a half. LXI Charinus is green with envy, is bursting, raging, weeping, and is looking out for high boughs to hang himself from ; not now because I am acclaimed and read through the whole world, nor because, smart with bosses and cedar oil, I am spread abroad over all the nations Rome sways, but because I have in the suburbs a summer country house, and am drawn by mules no longer, as before, hired. What curse shall I utter, Severus, on his green looks ? I wish him this : let him possess mules and a suburban property ! ^ * cf. Lib. Spect. ii. 1. 3 With all their worries. 47 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXII SciuBiT in aversa Picens epigrammata charta, et dolet avei'so quod facit ilia deo. LXIII Thestylon Aulus amat sed nee minus ardet Alexin, forsitan et nostrum nunc Hyacinthon amat. i nunc et dubita vates an diligat ipsos, delicias vatum cum meus Aulus amet. LXIV Ut poscas, Clyte, munus exigasque, uno nasceris octiens in anno et solas, puto, tresve quattuorve non natalicias habes Kalendas. sit vultus tibi levior licebit 6 tritis litoris aridi lapillis, sit moro coma nigrior caduco, vincas mollitia tremente plumas aut massam modo lactis alligati, et talis tumor excitet papillas 10 qualis cruda viro puella servat, tu nobis, Clyte, iam senex videris : tam multos quis enim fuisse credat natalis Priamive Nestorisve ? sit tandem pudor et modus rapinis. 15 quod si ludis adhuc semelque nasci uno iam tibi non sat est in anno, natum te, Clyte, nee semel putabo. ^ Phoebus, who inspires poets. 48 BOOK VIII. Lxii-Lxiv LXII PicENs writes epigrams on the backside of his paper, and complains that when he does so the god ^ turns his. LXIII AuLUS is fond of Thestylus, and has no less warmth for Alexis ; perhaps now he is fond of my Hya- cinthus too. Go, now 1 doubt after that whether my friend Aulus loves the poets themselves, seeing that he loves poets' favourites. LXIV That you may demand, Clytus, and exact a present, you are born eight times in a single year, and only three or four Kalends, I think, you do not keep as birthdays. Smoother though your face be than the dry beach's wave-worn pebbles, blacker your hair than a mulberry ripe to fall, though you surpass feathers in fluttering softness, or a lump of newly curdled milk, and though such a rounded fullness swells a breast as the virgin bride keeps for her spouse, yet you seem to us, Clytus, already old ; for who would believe so many birthdays were Priam's or Nestor's ? Let there be at length some decent limit and measure to your rapine. But if you still play with us, and a single birth in one year is now not sufficient for you, I shall regard you, Clytus, as not having been born even once.'- * "To regard a person as not boru " was a common phrase to express that the person alluded to wab a nobody : cf. iv. bcxxiii. 4 ; x. xxvii. 4 ; Petr. 58 49 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXV Hic ubi Fortunae Reducis fulgentia late templa nitent, felix area nuper erat : hic stetit Arctoi formosus pulvere belli purpureum fundens Caesar ab ore iubar : hic lauru redimita comas et Candida cultu 5 Roma salutavit voce manuque ducem. grande loci meritum testantur et altera dona : stat sacer et domitis gentibus arcus ovat. hic gemini currus numerant elephanta frequentem, sufficit inmensis aureus ipse iugis. 10 liaec est digna tuis, Germanice, porta triumphis ; hos aditus urbem Martis habere decet. LXVI AuGusTO pia tura victimasque pro vestro date Silio, Caraenae. bis senos iubet en redire fasces, nato consule, nobilique virga vatis Castaliam domum sonare 5 rerum prima sal us et una Caesar. gaudenti superest adhuc quod optet, felix purpura tertiusque consul. Pompeio dederit licet senatus et Caesar genero sacros honores, 10 quorum pacificus ter ampliavit lanus nomina, Silius frequentes mavult sic numerare consulatus. ' A temple was built to Fortuna Redux in honour of Domitian's Dalmatian campaign. ' The temple of Fortuna Redux being the other. ^ The lictor, escorting the consul to his house, struck on the door with his stafiF: Liv. vi. 34. 5° BOOK VIII. Lxv-Lxvi LXV Here, where far-gleaming shines the fane of For- tune that gives return,^ was of late, happy in its lot, an open space ; here, graced by the dust of Northern war, stood Caesar, shedding from his face effulgent light ; here, her locks wreathed with bay, and white of vesture, Rome with voice and hand greeted her Chief. A second gift, too,^ attests the high merit of the spot : a consecrated arch stands in triumph over the conquered nations ; here stand two chariots and many an elephant ; he himself in gold is master of the mighty cars. This gate, Germanicus, is worthy of thy triumphs : such an approach it beseems the City of Mars to possess. LXVI To Augustus bring, ye Camenae, pious incense and victims on behalf of your Silius. Lo ! by a son's consulship Caesar, our chief and only ward, bids the twice six axes return, and the door of the poet sire resound to the lictor's noble staff.' Yet this re- mains for his joy to wish for, the blessed purple of a third consul.* Though to Pompeius the senate, to his son-in-law ^ Caesar, gave sacred honours, and peaceful Janus thrice enrolled their names,** yet thus would Silius rather reckon repeated consul- ships. • M. hopea that Silius' second son (who, however, died shortly afterwards) may become consul, three consulships thus falling to one house. The father was consul a.d. G8 . VII. Ixiii. 9. • Agrippa, who married Julia, Augustus' daughter. • The consular Fasti were kept in the Temple of Janus. 51 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXVII HoRAs quinque puer nondum tibi nuntiat, et tu iam conviva mihi, Caeciliane, venis, cum modo distulerint raucae vadimoiiia quartae et Floralicias lasset harena feras. curre, age, et inlotos revoca, Calliste, ministros ; 5 stei'nantur lecti : Caeciliane, sede. caldam poscis aquam : noudum mihi frigida venit ; alget adhuc nudo clusa culina foco. mane veni potius ; nam cur te quinta moretur? ut iantes, sero, Caeciliane, venis. 10 LXVIII Qui Corcyraei vidit pomaria regis, rus, Entelle, tuae praeferet ille domus. invida purpureos urat ne bruma racemos et gelidum Bacchi munera fi"igus edat, condita perspicua vivit vindemia gemma 5 et tegitur felix nee tamen uva latet : femineum lucet sic per bombycina corpus, calculus in nitida sic numeratur aqua, quid non ingenio voluit natura licere ? autumnum sterilis ferre iubetur hiemps. 10 * cf. IV. viii. 2. * i.t. adjourned the court. Vadimonia were bonds re- quired of the parties to a suit to ensure their appearance. 53 BOOK VIII. Lxvn-Lxviii LXVII The boy does not yet announce to you the fifth hour, and yet you, Caecilianus, come ah-eady as my guest, althougli the fourth hour, hoarse witli plead- ingji has only just enlarged the bail-bonds,^ and the arena still wearies the wild beasts at Flora's ffames.^ Come, run, Callistus, and call back the unwashed servants ; let the couches be spread : Caecilianus, sit down. You ask for warm water : ni}' cold has not yet arrived ;* my kitchen is closed and chill, its fire unlaid. Come rather at daybreak ; for why should the fifth hour keep you waiting? For a breakfast you come late, Caecilianus. LXVIII He who has seen the orchards of Corcyra's king ^ will prefer, Entellus, the country your house con- tains. That jealous winter may not sear the purple clusters, and chill frost consume the gifts of Bacchus, your vineyard blooms shut in transparent glass, and the fortunate grape is roofed and yet unhid. So shine a woman's limbs through silk, so is the pebble counted in pellucid water. What power has not Nature wished for mind ? Barren winter is bidden to bear autumn's fruits.^ ' Hares and goats were hunted in the arena at the Ludi Florales * M. had no water laid on to his house : cf. ix. xix. ' Alcinous : cf. vii. xlii. 6. • cf. a similar epigram, viii. xiv. 53 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXIX MiRARis veteres, Vacerra, solos nee laudas nisi mortuos poetas. ignoseas petimus, Vacerra : tanti non est, ut placeam tibi, perire. LXX Quanta quies placidi tantast facundia Nervae, sed cohibet vires ingeniumque pudor. cum siccare sacram largo Permessida posset ore, verecundam maluit esse sitim, Pieriam tenui frontem redimire corona 5 contentus, famae nee dare vela suae, sed tamen hunc nostri scit temporis esse TibuUum, carmina qui docti nota Neronis habet. LXXI QuATTuoR argenti libras mihi tempore brumae misisti ante annos, Postumiane, decem ; sperant.i plures (nam stare aut crescere debent munera) venerunt plusve minusve duae ; tertius et quartus multo inferiora tulerunt; 5 libia fuit quinto Septiciana quidem ; besalem ad scutulam sexto pervenimus anno; post hunc in cotula rasa selibra data est ; ' Afterwards emperor. His poetical ability is also alluded to ia IX. xxvi. 54 BOOK VIII. Lxix-Lxxi LXIX You admire, Vacerra, the ancients alone, and praise none but dead poets. Your pardon, pray, Vacerra : it is not worth my while, merely to please you, to die. LXX Great as is the restraint, so great is the eloquence of placid Nerva,^ but modesty restrains his power and genius. Though he might have drained sacred Permessis^ in full draughts, he chose to slake his thirst with diffidence, content to wreathe his poet's brow with a slender crown, and to leave his sail unspread to the breeze of his own fame. Yet that he is the TibuUus of our time each man knows who keeps in mind the lays of learned Nero.^ LXXI Four pounds of silver plate in winter's season you sent me, Postumianus, ten years ago. While I hoped for a greater weight — for gifts should stand fixed or grow — there arrived two pounds more or less. The third and the fourth year brought much inferior presents: in the fifth was one pound, Septicius'* work to boot. I came down to an eight-ounce oblong dish in the sixth year ; the next was given me a bare half-pound in the shape of a small cup. 2 A fountain (also called Aganippe) sacred to the Muses, and arising in Mt Helicon. ' Nero is said to have called Nerva his TibuUus. * i.e. inferior: cf. iv. Ixxxviii. 3. 55 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL octavus ligulam misit sextante minorem ; nonus acu levius vix cocleare tulit. 10 quod inittat nobis decumus iam non liabet annus : quattuor ad libras^ Postumiane, redi. LXXII NoNDUM murice cultus asperoque morsu pumicis aridi politus Arcanum properas sequi, libelle, quern pulcherrima iam redire Narbo, docti Narbo Paterna Votieni, 5 ad leges iubet annuosque fasces : votis quod paribun tibi petendum est, continget locus ille et hie amicus. quam vellem fieri meus libellus ! LXXIII IsTANTi, quo nec sincerior alter habetur pectore nec nivea simplicitate prior, si dare vis nostrae vires animosque Tlialiae et victura petis carmina, da quod amem. Cynthia te vatem fecit, lascive Properti ; 5 ingenium Galli pulchra Lycoris erat ; fama est arguti Nemesis formosa Tibulli ; Lesbia dictavit, docte Catulle, tibi : non me Paeligni nec spernet Mantua vatem, si qua Corinna mihi, si quis Alexis erit. 10 ^ The full name appears to have been Colonia Julia Paterna Narbo Marcia, now Narbonne. It was the capital of Gallia Narbonensis. 56 BOOK VIII. Lxxi-Lxxiii The eighth sent me a dessert-spoon less than two ounces weight : the ninth produced — with difficulty —a snail-pick lighter than a needle. The tenth year now has nothing to send me : to your four pounds, Postumianus, return. LXXII Though you are not yet smart with purple and smoothed by the rough bite of dry pumice, you haste, little book, to follow Arcanus, whom most lovely Narbo — Narbo Paterna^ of the learned Vo- tienus — now bids return to declare the laws and to yearly office. 'Twill be your lot — to be sued for with equal prayers — to see that spot and to have this friend. How I wish I could become my own little book ! LXXIII IsTANTius,2 than whom none other is held more true of heart, before whom is none in pure sin- cerity, if thou wouldst give strength and spirit to my Muse, and lookest for poems that shall live, give me something to love. 'Twas Cynthia made thee a poet, wanton Propertius ; of Gallus the inspiration was fair Lycoris ; tuneful Tibullus' renown sprang from lovely Nemesis ; Lesbia prompted thee, learned Catullus. The Pelignians^ will not spurn me, nor Mantua,* as a bard, if some Corinna, if some Alexis be my own. * Istantius Rufus : cf. vili. li. 21. * Countrymen of Ovid. ■• Birthplace of Virgil. VOL. u. C 57 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXIV Oplomachus nunc es, fueras opthalmicus ante, fecisti medicus quod facis oplomachus. LXXV DuM repetit sera conductos nocte penates Lingonus a Tecta Flaminiaque recens, expulit offenso vitiatum poUice talum et iacuit toto corpore fusus humi. quid faceret Gallus, qua se ratione movci'et? 5 ingenti domino servulus unus erat, tarn macer ut minimam posset vix ferre lucernam : succurrit misero casus opemque tulit. quattuor inscripti portabant vile cadaver, accipit infelix qualia mille rogus ; 10 hos comes invalidus summissa voce precatur, ut quocumque velint corpus inane ferant : permutatur onus stipataque tollitur alte grandis in angusta sarcina sandapila. hie mihi de multis unus, Lucane, videtur 15 cui merito dici "mortue Galle " potest. LXXVI "Die verum mihi, Marce, die amabo; nil est quod magis audiam libenter." sic et cum recitas tuos libellos, et causam quotiens agis clientis. * c/. similar epigrams, i. xxx. and xlvii. » cf. III. V. 6. 58 BOOK VIII. Lxxiv-Lxxvi LXXIV You are now a gladiator: you were an eye-special- ist before. You did as doctor what you do now as gladiator.^ LXXV While late at night a Lingonian — ^just returning from the Covered ^ and Flaminian Ways — was making for his hired lodging, catching his big toe, he put out his ankle, and lay upset all his length on the ground. What should the Gaul do..? how could he move ? The huge master had a single tiny slave, so thin that he could barely carry the smallest lantern : chance came to the rescue of the wretched man, and brought aid. Four branded slaves were carrying a common corpse — the pauper's burying-ground re- ceives a thousand such — these slaves the weak at- tendant besought in a low voice to shift the lifeless body wherever they wished. The load is changed and the cargo is lifted high and crammed in — a huge cargo in a narrow bier. This fellow seems to me, Lucanus, to be the one of many to whom can justly be said, " Oh dead Gaul." 3 LXXVI " Tell me the truth, Marcus, tell me, please : there is nothing I would more gladly hear." Such, Gallicus, both when you recite your poems and whenever you plead a client's cause is your prayer ^"Mortut Oalle" was the refrain of the verses with which the rttiarius (net-caster) used to provoke his oppo- nent, the mirmUlo (who wore a Gaulish helmet). 59 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL oras, Gallice, me rogasque semper. 5 durum est me tibi quod petis negare. vero verius ergo quid sit audi : verum, Gallice, non libenter audis. LXXVII Liber, amicorum dulcissima cura tuorum. Liber, in aeterna vivere digne rosa, si sapis, Assyrio semper tibi crinis amomo splendeat et cingant florea serta caput ; Candida nigrescant vetulo crystalla Falerno 5 et caleat blando mollis amore torus, qui sic vel medio finitus vixit in aevo, longior huic facta est quam data vita fuit. LXXVIII Quos cuperet Phlegraea suos victoria ludos, Indica quos cuperet pompa, Lyaee, tuos, fecit Hyperborei celebrator Stella triumphi, o pudor ! o pietas ! et putat esse parum. non illi satis est turbato sordidus auro 5 Hermus et Hesperio qui sonat orbe Tagus. omnis habet sua dona dies : nee linea dives cessat et in populum multa rapina cadit ; nunc veniunt subitis lasciva nomismata nimbis, nunc dat spectatas tessera larga feras, 10 nunc implere sinus secures gaudet et absens sortitur doniinos, ne laceretur, avis. ^ <■/. a very similar epigram, V. Ixiii. * For a similar sentiment, cf. X. xxiii. 7, 8. ' The victory of the gods over the giants in the Phlegraean Plains in Campania : cf. Vlii. 1. 1. 6o BOOK VIII. Lxxvi-i.xxvin and request to me continually. It is hard for me to refuse what you want. Hear, then, what is truer than truth ; truth, Gallicus, you do not willingly hear.^ LXXVII Liber, of thy friends the care most sweet, Liber, worthy to live amid deathless roses, if thou art wise, let thy locks glisten alway with Assyrian balm and chaplets of flowers encircle thy head ; let thy clear crystal darken with old Falernian, and thy soft couch warm with love's endearments. Whoever has so lived, to him, even did the end come in middle age, life has been made longer than was appointed.* LXXVIII Sports which a Phlegraean victory ^ might have craved for its own, which thy Indian pageant, Lyaeus,* might liave craved to be thine, Stella, honouring the Northern triumph, has given; and yet — what modesty is his, what loyalty ! — he holds them too small. Not for him suffices the wealth of Hermus, dark with tumbled gold, and of Tagus echoing in the Western world. Euch day provides its own gifts ; the cord's rich burden ^ fails not, and full-laden sjjoil falls upon the people ; now come in sudden showers sportive tokens;'' now the bounteous ticket assigns the beasts of the arena ; now the bird is glad to fill a lap that gives it safety, and — that it be not torn asunder — * ''/. VIII. xxvi. 7. - 'A cord hung with gifts for the populace. • Entitling the holder to receive presents. 6i THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quid numerem currus ter denaque praemia palmae, quae dare non semper consul uterque solet? omnia sed, Caesar, tanto superantur honore, 15 quod spectatorem te tua laurus habet. LXXIX Omnis aut vetulas habes arnicas aut turpis vetulisque foediores. • has ducis comites trahisque tecum per convivia porticus theatra. sic formosa, Fabulla, sic puella es. 5 LXXX Sanctorum nobis miracula reddis avorum nee pateris, Caesar, saecula cana mori, cum veteres Latiae ritus renovantur harenae et pugnat virtus simpliciore manu. sic priscis servatur honos te praeside templis 5 et casa tam culto sub love numen habet ; sic nova dum condis, revocas, Auguste, priora : debentur quae sunt quaeque fuere tibi. ^ Birds are, instead of being scrambled for and so torn to pieces, assigned by lot. Statins (i^ylv. i. vi. 75 *eq.) describes one of Domitian's Saturnalian shows, where huge clouds of birds descend "■ suhito volatu" among the people, birds sup posed by Verrall (Lit. Essays, 82) to have been toy Ou'es with ticket* for f^r'es'e'nts attached. 63 BOOK VIII. Lxxvin-Lxxx wins, while apart, by lot its owner.^ Why should I count the chariots, and victory's thrice ten prizes, which both consuls are not always wont to give ? ^ But all, Caesar, is surpassed by this great glory, that thy triumph hath thee a spectator. LXXIX All the female friends you have are either old crones or ugly, and fouler than old crones. These, as your companions, you conduct and drag about with you through parties, colonnades, theatres. In this way, Fabulla, you are lovely, in this way young. LXXX Thou restorest to us, Caesar, the wonders of our honoured grandsires' age, and lettest not the times of old die, now that the ancient fashions of the Latin arena are renewed and valour fights with more natural hand.^ So also for the old-world fanes is kept their honour while thou art Governor, and the Cof* under a Jove so worshipped keeps its sanctity ; ' so, while thou dost found the new, thou bringest back, Augustus, the former things : what is, and what was, are owed to thee ! * There were thirty races. The consuls exhibited games on their entrance into ofSce. ^ Domitian had restored pugilism in the amphitheatre. * The Cot (Ca«o Romuli) was a straw-thatched cottage on the Palatine, and was revered as the legendary dwelling of the Founder of Rome : cf. Virg. Atn. viii. 654. * Jove is magnificently honoured, yet the humble Cot is hiillowed. 63 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXI NoN per mystica sacra Dindymenes nee per Niliacae bovem iuvencae, nullos denique per deos deasque iurat Gellia, sed per uniones. hos amplectitur, hos perosculatur, 5 hos fratres vocat, hos vocat sorores, hos natis amat acrius duobus. his si quo careat misella casu, victuram negat esse se nee horam. eheu, quam bene nunc, Papiriane, 10 Annaei faceret manus Sereni ! LXXXII Dante tibi turba querulos, Auguste, libellos nos quoque quod domino carmina parva damuSj posse deum rebus pariter Musisque vacare scimus et haec etiam serta placere tibi. fer vates, Auguste, tuos : nos gloria dulcis, 5 nos tua cura prior deliciaeque sumus. non quercus te sola decet nee laurea Phoebi : fiat et ex hedera civica nostra tibi. * Apis, the sacred Egyptian bull, representing Osiris, tlie husband of Isis, who was represented as a heifer: cf ii. xiv. 8. * An obscure allusion. Perhaps S. was notoriously a wearer of pearls. Some commentators take him for a noted thief. But M. would then hardly have mentioned his name. " Domitian had himself written poetry before he became emperor. 64 BOOK VIII. LXXXI-LXXXII LXXXI Not by the mystic rites of Dindymene, nor by the bull/ the spouse of Nile's heifer, in a word by no gods and goddesses does Gellia swear, but by her pearls. These she hugs, these she kisses passion- ately, these she calls her brothers, these she calls her sisters, these she loves more ardently than her two sons. If by any chance the unhappy woman should lose them, she says she would not live even an hour. Ah, how usefully now, Papirianus, would the hand of Annaeus Serenus be employed ! ^ LXXXII While the throng offers to you, Augustus, its querulous petitions, the reason why we too offer to our Master a few poems, is because we know that a god can have leisure at once for business and for the Muses, and that even this wreath of song pleases you. Bear with your bards, Augustus : we are your treasured pride, we are your earlier ^ care, and your delight. Not alone does the oak ^ beseem you, or Phoebus' laurel;^ let there be made a civic crown for you of ivy ^ as well ! * The corona civica of oak-leaves given to one who had preserved the life of a citizen, afterwards given to the emperor as the general preserver. ^ The crown of victory in war. * The distinction of a poet : cf. Virg. Ed. viii. 12. 65 BOOK IX LIBER NONUS Have, mi Torani, frater carissime. epigramma, quod extra ordinem paginarum est, ad Stertinium clarissimum viruiri scripsimus, qui imaginem meam ponere in bybliotheca sua voluit. de quo scribendum tibi putavij ne ignorares Avitus iste quis vocaretur. vale et para hospitium. Note, licet nolis, sublimi pectore vates, cui referet serus praemia digna einis, hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat, quam non obscuris iungis, Avite, viris : " Ille ego sum nulli nugarum laude secundus, 5 quem non miraris sed puto, lector, amas. maiores maiora sonent : mihi parva locuto sufficit in vestras saepe redire manus." DuM lanus hiemes, Domitianus autumnos, Augustus annis commodabit aestates, dum grande famuli nomen adseret Rheni Germanicarum magna lux Kalendarum, ' Addressed as Avitus also in i. xvi. * i. e. a senator. S. was consul a. d. 92. 68 BOOK IX Greeting, my Toranius, dearest brother. The epigram which is supernumerary to my pages I have written to Stertinius,^ a most illustrious man, 2 who wished to place my bust in his library. Concerning whom I thought I ought to write to you, that you might not be ignorant who was the Avitus there addressed. Farewell, and get ready your hospitality. Famed, though against thy will, as a bard of sub- lime invention, to whom death long hence shall pay thy fitting meed, let this short stanza abide, I pray thee, beneath that bust of me, which thou addest, Avitus, to those of not ignoble men : " Lo ! he am I whose light verse yields to none ; Reader, thy love, not awe, methinks I've won. Let greater men strike greater notes : I earn Elnough if my small themes oft to thy hands return." While Janus shall lend winters to the year, Do- mitianus autumns, Augustus summers ; while the great day of the Germanic Kalends shall claim a mighty name from the subservient Rhine ; ^ while DomiLian, copying Augustus, who named -August, gave the names Germanicus and Domitianus to September and October respectively, because he was made emperor in the one and was born in the other : Suet. Dom, 13. 69 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Tarpeia summi saxa dum patris stal)unt, 5 dum voce supplex dumque ture placabit matrona divae dulce luliae numen, manebit altum Flaviae decus gentis cum sole et astris cumque luce Romana. invicta quidquid condidit manus, caeli est. 10 II Paupek amicitiae cum sis, Lupe, non es amicae et queritur de te mentula sola nihil, ilia siligineis pinguescit adultera cunnis, convivam pascit nigra farina tuum. incensura nives dominae Setina liquantur, 5 nos bibimus Corsi pulla venena cadi ; empta tibi nox est fundis non tota paternis, non sua desertus rura sodalis arat ; splendet Erythraeis perlucida moecha lapillis, ducitur addictus, te futuente, cliens ; 10 octo Syris suffulta datur lectica puellae, nudum sandapilae pondus amicus erit. i nunc et miseros, Cybele, praecide cinaedos : haec erat, haec cultris mentula digna tuis. Ill Quantum iam superis, Caesar, caeloque dedisti si repetas et si creditor esse velis, * <"/. VI. iii. 6 ; vi. xiii. ' The temple built by Domitian in honour of the gena Flavia : cf. ix. iii. 12. 70 BOOK IX. i-iii the Tarpeian rock of the Sire Supreme shall stand ; while, suppliant with prayer, and with incense, the matron shall propitiate the fair deity of Julia ^ now divine : the towering glory of the Flavian race ^ shall endure, coeternal with sun and stars, and with the light that shines on Rome. Whatever an un- conquered arm has founded, that is of Heaven ! II Although you are a poor man to your friends. Lupus, you are not so to your mistress, and only your virility has no grievance against you. Slie, the adulteress, fattens on lewdly shaped loaves:^ black meal feeds your guest. Setine wines are strained to inflame your lady's snow ; * we drink the black poison of a Corsican jar. Her favours — not un- shared— are bought at the price of your paternal estate ; your comrade, neglected, ploughs fields that are not his own : the adulteress is bright and shining with Eastern jewels ; your client is committed and dragged off to prison while you enjoy amours : a litter poised on eight Syrian slaves is given to your girl; your friend — a naked corpse — will be the burden of a pauper's bier. Go now, Cybele ! and castrate wretched paederasts : here, here is matter long since worthy of your knife ! Ill Were you, Caesar, to reclaim, and did you wish to be creditor for all you have already given to the • cf. XIV. Ixix. * cf. V. Ixiv. 2 ; XIV. cxvii. 71 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL grandis in aetherio licet auctio fiat Olympo coganturque dei vendere quidquid habent, conturbabit Atlans et non erit uncia tota 5 decidat tecum qua pater ipse deum. pro Capitolinis quid enim tibi solvere templis, quid pro Tarpeiae frondis lionore potest ? quid pro culminibus geminis matrona Tonantis ? Pallada praetereo ; res agit ilia tuas. 10 quid loquar Alciden Phoebumque piosque Laconas ? addita quid Latio Flavia templa polo? expectes et sustineas, Auguste, necesse est : nam tibi quod solvat non habet area lovis. IV AuREOLis futui cum possit Galla duobus et plus quam futui, si totidem addideris, aureolos a te cur accipit, Aeschyle, denos ? non fellat tanti Galla. quid ergo ? tacet. V NunERK vis Prisco : non miror, Paula ; sapisti. ducere te non vult Priscus : et ille sapit. VI Tibi, summe Rheni domitor et parens orbis, pudice princeps, gratias agunt urbes : * An uncia for every as, i.e. a penny in the shilling. * c/. IV. i. 6 : IV. 11 V. 1. ' Domitian regarded himself as being peculiarly under the protection, and in fact the son, of Pallas. 72 BOOK IX. iii-vi high gods and to heaven, then, though a great auction were held on skyey Olympus and gods were forced to sell whatever they possess, Atlas will go bankrupt, and there will not be a full twelfth ^ wherewith the Sire of the gods himself may settle with you. For what can he pay you in return for Capitoline temples, what for the glory of the Tarpeian oak crown .'' ^ What can the Thunderer's dame pay for her two temples? Pallas I pass by: she is your partner.3 Why should I speak of Alcides and Phoe- bus, and the loving Spartan twins ? * Why of the Flavian fane, a new gift to the Latin heaven ? ^ You must wait and endure, Augustus ; for to pay you Jove's money-chest has not the wherewithal. IV Although Galla's favours may be secured for two gold pieces, and special favours if you add as much again, why does she receive ten pieces from you, Aeschylus ? Galla's evil practices are not so dear as that. What is, then? Her silence. V You wish to marry Priscus; I don't wonder, Paula; you are wise. Priscus does not wish to marry you : he, too, is wise. VI To thee, Conqueror supreme of Rhine, and parent of the world, O modest Prince, the cities give their * Castor and Pollux. ^ i.e. to the Roman Pantheon, the deified emperors : cf. IX. xxxiv. 2. 73 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL populos habebunt ; parere iam scelus non est. non puer avari sectus arte mangonis virilitatis damna maeret ereptae, nee qiiam superbus conputet stipem leno dat prostitute niisera mater infanti. qui nee cubili fuerat ante te quondam, pudor esse per te coepit et lupanari. VII DicKRE de Libycis redu^i tibi j^entibus, Afer, continuis volui quinque diebus " Have " : "Non vacat " aut "Dormit" dictum est bis terque reverse, iam satis est. non vis, Afer, havere : vale. VIII Tamquam parva foret sexus iniuria noslri foedandos populo prostit. isse mares, iam cunae lenonis erant, ut ab ubere raptus sordida vagitu posceret aera puer : inmatura dabant infandas corpora poenas. 5 non tulit Ausonius talia monstra pater, idem qui teneris nuper succurrit ephebis, ne faceret steriles saeva libido viros. dilexere prius pueri iuvenesque senesque, at nunc infantes te quoque, Caesar, amant. 10 ' c/. II. Ix. 4 ; V. Ixxv. * " Vale " was said when the survivors took leave of the 74 BOOK IX. vi-viii thanks : population shall they have ; to bring forth is at last no crime.^ The boy, mutilated by the grasping slave-dealer's art, does not lament the loss of his ravished manhood, nor does a needy mother give her prostituted infant the pittance which the haughty pander is to count out. The modesty which erewhile befoi'e thee not even the marriage-bed possessed, now by thy means even a brothel begins to show. VII When you had returned from the tribes of Libja, Afer, five days running I wanted to say " Good day I "' "He is engaged," or "He is taking a siesta," was the message when I had returned twice and three times. Enough ! Afer, you don't want a " Good day": "Good bye." 2 VIII As if it v/ere small injury to our sex to prostitute our males to pollution by the people, the cradle was but now so the pander's own that a boy snatched from his mother's breast begged with infant wail for sordid coin ; bodies immature suffered unutterable outrage.^ The Father of Italy could not endure such enormities, even he who of late succoured * tender youths, that cruel lust might not make barren men. Boys loved thee before, and young men, and aged sires ; but now infants, too, love thee, Caesar. corpse at a funeral : c/. v. Ixvi. 2. '• I shall look upon you as dead in future," says M. ' Domitian revived the Ltx Scantinia against unnatural crimes : Suet. Dom. viii. * c/. IX. vi. 4. 75 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Nil tibi lej-avit Fabius, Bithynice, cui tu annua, si memini, milia sena dabas. plus nulli dedit iUe : queri, Bithynice, noli: annua legavit milia sena tibi. X Cenes, Canthare, cum foris libenter, clamas et maledicis et minaris. deponas animos truces monemus : liber non potes et gulosus esse. XI NoMEN cum violis rosisque natum, quo pars optima nominatur anni, Hyblam quod sapit Atticosque flores, quod nidos olet alitis superbae ; nomen nectare dulcius beato, quo mallet Cybeles puer vocari et qui pocula temperat Tonanti, quod si Parrhasia sones in aula, respondent Veneres Cupidinesque ; nomen nobile molle delicatum i" vcrsu dicere non rudi volebam : sed tu, syllaba contumax, repugnas. dicunt Eiarinon tamen poetie, sed Graeci quibus est nihil negatum • et quos 'Apes "Apes decet sonare : lo nobis non licet esse tam disertis qui Musas colimus severiores. 1 «' You now save the sum you spent on hj""-" . The honey of Hybla, in Sicily, and of Hymettus respeo tively : c/. V. xxxix. 3 : vil. Ixxxvui. 8. 76 BOOK IX. ix-xi IX Fabius has bequeathed you notliing, Bithynicus, he to whom, if I remember, you used to give six thousand sesterces a year. More he gave to no man; don't complain, Bithynicus : he has bequeathed you six thousand sesterces a year.^ X Although you gladly dine abroad, Cantharus, you bawl and abuse and thi'eaten people. Discard such truculent spirits, I warn you ; you can't be both independent and a glutton. XI A NAME born with the violets and the roses, after which the year's best part is called, that savours of Hybla and Attic flowers,'^ that smells of the nest of the lordly fowl;^ a name, sweeter than nectar divine, by which Cybele's loved boy * and he who blends his draught for the Thunderer, would fain be called ; whereto, shouldst thou sound it in the Palatine hall, Venuses and Cupids make answer ; a name noble, soft, delicate — this I wished to utter in no rugged verse : but you, an obstinate syllable, rebel. ^ Yet poets speak of Eiarinos ; but they were Greeks, to whom nothing is denied, and whom it becomes to sound Ares short as Ares lonff.^ We cannot be so versatile, who court Muses more unbending. * The phoenix : cf. vi. Iv. 2. * Attis : cf. V. xli. 2. ' The four short syllables in Earinos will not go into M.'s .metre. . ■ * Homer (/Z. v. 31) uses both quantities in one line : '^Apej, 'A/)€i PpoTOAoiy4, fiiat(p6ve, Teixeo-iTrA^ra. 77 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XII Si daret autumnus mihi nomen, Oporinos essem, horrida si brumae sidera, Chimerinos ; dictus ab aestivo Therinos tibi mense vocarer : tempora cui nomen verni dedere, quis est? XIII Nomen habes tenei-i quod tempora nuncupat anni. cum breve Cecropiae ver populantur apes : nomen Acidalia meruit quod harundine pingi, quod Cytherea sua scribere gaudet acu ; nomen Erythraeis quod littera facta lapillis, 5 gemma quod Heliadum pollice trita notet; quod pinna scribente grues ad sidera tollant ; quod decet in sola Caesaris esse domo. XIV HuNC quem mensa tibi, quem cena paravik ainicum esse putas fidae pectus amicitiae ? aprum amat et muUos et sumen et ostrea, non te. tam bene si cenem, noster amicus erit. ^ The Greek adjectives expressing autumn, winter, and summer are respectively 'OircDpLy6s, XfifitpiySs, and 9epiv6s. " Of spring " is similarly 'Eapiv6s. 2 Acidalia was a name of Venus from a fountain in Boeotia. She was ^Iso called OytliteTtfa it'dm Cy't'h'e'r's, an isLand off thB dda.'sb bf L&cb'nia. 78 BOOK IX. xii-xiv XII Were Autumn to give me my name, Oporinus should I be, or if rough winter's sky, Chimerinos ; named after summer's month, to you I should be called Therinos : who is he to whom spring's season has given his name ? ^ XIII Thou hast a name that bespeaks the season of the budding year, when Attic bees lay waste the brief- lived spring ; a name meet to be writ in colour by Acidalia's^ pen, which Cytherea joys to embroider with her own needle; a name which letters strung of Indian pearls, which a jewel of the Heliades ^ rubbed by the fingers, should mark; which cranes with wings that write upon the skies* should lift to heaven ; which it beseems to be in Caesar's house alone. XIV This man, whom your table, whom your dinner has made your friend — think you his heart one of loyal friendship? 'Tis boar he loves, and mullet, and sow's paps, and oysters, not you. Were I to dine so well, he will be my friend. * By amber, into which the tears of the H. for the death of their brother Phaethon were turned. It became fragrant by rubbing : c/. in. Ixv. 5 ; XI. viii. 6. * Palamedes was said to have invented the Greek T (the Latin V) by observing the formation of cranes in flight. V begins xier (Sflring), and represents Earinos: c/. xiii. IxxV. 79 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XV Inscripsit tumulis septem scelerata virorum " Se fecisse " Chloe. quid pote simplicius ? XVI Consilium formae speculum dulcisque capillos Pergameo posuit dona sacrata deo ille puer tota domino gratissimus aula, nomine qui signat tempora verna suo. felix quae tali censetur munere tellus ! 5 nee Ganymedeas mallet habere comas. XVII Latonae venerande nepos, qui mitibus herbis Parcarum exoras pensa brevesque colos, hos tibi laudatos domino, rata vota,' capillos ille tuus Latia misit ab urbe puer; addidit et nitidum sacratis crinibus orbem, 5 quo felix facies iudice tuta fuit. tu iuvenale decus serva, ne pulchrior ille in longa fuerit quam breviore coma. XVIII Est mihi (sitque precor longum te praeside, Caesar) rus minimum, parvi sunt et in urbe lares. 1 sua vota /3, rata voce y. ^ The words are ambiguous. " Ghloe fecit " was intended to mean "C. built tliistoinb." M. suggests "wrought tlie death of her husbands." 8o BOOK IX. xv-xviii XV Accursed Chloe inscribed the monuments of her seven husbands with " Chloe wrought this." What could be plainer ? ^ XVI His mirror, beauty's counsellor, and his darling locks — gifts dedicated to the god of Pergamus'-' — that boy^ has offered, who, in all the palace most dear to his master, by his name denotes the time of spring. Happy the land whose worth is gauged by such a gift ! It would not choose instead even the tresses of Ganymede. XVII Revered grandson of Latona, who with the magic of thy gentle herbs dost win over* the threads and brief distaffs of the Fates, these locks by his master praised thy ^ boy has sent, his vow's fulfil- ment, from Latium's city ; and to his consecrated hair has he added the bright disk, by whose judg- ment his happy beauty was assured. Do thou pre- serve his youthful bloom, that he be no fairer with long curls than with shortened locks 1 XVIII I HAVE — and I pray I may have it long, Caesar, beneath thy guardianship — a tiny country house, and - Aesculapius, the god of healing, who had a temple at Pergamus in Asia Minor. •* Earinos, Domitian's cupbearer, mentioned in Epp. xi.-xiii. * i.e. who dost prolong human life. * ] 'erhaps Earinos came from Pergamus. 8i THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL sed de valle brevi quas det sitientibus hortis curva laboratas antlia tollit aquas : sicca domus queritur nullo se rore foveri, 5 cum mihi vicino Marcia fonte sonet. quam dederis nostris, Auguste, penatibus undam, Castalis haec nobis aut lovis imber erit. XIX Laudas balnea versibus trecentis cenantis bene Pontici, Sabelle. vis cenare, Sabelle, non lavari. XX Haec, quae tota patet tegiturque et marmore et auro, infantis domini conscia terra fuit. felix o, quantis sonuit vagitibus et quas vidit reptantis sustinuitque manus ! hie steterat veneranda domus quae praestitit orbi 5 quod Rhodes astrifero, quod pia Creta, polo. Curetes texere lovem crepitantibus armis, semiviri poterant qualia ferre Phryges : at te protexit superum pater et tibi, Caesar, pro iaculo et parma fulmen et aegis erat, 10 ^ The Aqmi Marcia was one of the great aqueducts. According to Strabo (v. 3) almost every house in Rome had water laid on ; see also Hor. Ep. I. x. 20. M.'s was an exception : cf. viii. Ixvii. 7. ^ An epigram on the building of the Flavian Temple on the site m ths bxiu.^ in whit^ Do^nitiau waa b'dra : tiu'e't. Dom. i. 82 BOOK IX. xviii-xx I have, too, a small dwelling in the city. But my curved pole and bucket lift with labour from a shallow valley water to bestow on the thirsty garden; the arid house complains that it is freshened by no moisture, though Marcia babbles in my ears with neighbouring fount. ^ The water thou shalt give, Augustus, to my household gods will be to me a spring of Castaly or a shower of Jove. XIX You extol in infinite verse the baths of Ponticus who gives good dinners, Sabellus. You wish to dine, Sabellus, not to wash ! XX This spot of earth, which now lies wholly open, and is being covered with marble and with gold, knew our lord's infant years.^ O blessed spot ! With wailings of how great a babe it echoed, and what hands it saw and upbore as they crept ! Here had stood the house august that made real to the world what Rhodes, what duteous Crete ^ made real to the starry heaven. Cybele's priests guarded Jove with their rattling arms, such arms as Plirygians, but half men, could wield ; * but thee the Sire of the gods safeguarded, and for thee, Caesar, thunderbolt and aegis stood for spear and buckler. * i.e. the birth of a god. Pallas (Find. 01. vii. 35) waa said to have sprung from the head of Zeus at Rhodes. But some commontators think Poseidon is referred to. Zeus or Jupiter was born in Crete. * The Curetes (demi-gods) clashed their arms to drown the infant's criBB, lest Ma father CrOnos sho'uM bB'aT and eat him. 83 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXI Artemidorus habet puerum sed vendidit agrum ; agrum pro puero Calliodorus habet. die uter ex istis melius rem gesserit, Aucte : Artemidorus amat, Calliodorus arat. XXII Credis ob haec me, Pastoi', opes fortasse rogare propter quae populus crassaque turba rogat, ut Setina meos consuniat gleba ligones et sonet innumera compede Tuscus ager ; ut Mauri Libycis centum btent dentibus orbes 5 et crepet in nostris aurea lamna toris, nee labris nisi magna meis crystalla terantur et faciant nigras nostra Falerna nives ; ut canusinatus nostro Syrus assere sudet et mea sit culto sella cliente frequens ; 10 aestuet ut nostro madidus conviva ministro, quem permutatum nee Ganymede veils ; ut lutulenta linat Tyrias mihi mula lacernas et Massyla meum virga gubernet equum. est nihil ex istis : superos ac sidera testor. 15 ergo quid ? ut donem, Pastor, et aedificem. XXIII O cui virgineo flavescere contigit auro, die ubi Palladium sit tibi, Care, decus. ^ Wine was strained through snow : cf. v. Ixiv. 2 ; xiv. cxvii. ^ cf. XIV. cxxvii. and cxxix. ' cf. x. xiii. 2. * Possibly Pastor (like Gellius in ix. xlvi.) made "building" an excuse for never "giving." FriedlSnder explains "carry out public works for the general good " ; but this is not in the Latin. 84 BOOK IX. xxi-xxm XXI Artemidorus possesses a young slave, but has sold his land ; the land Calliodorus possesses in ex- change for the slave. Say, which of those two piade the better bargain, Auctus ? Artemidorus has his pleasure, Calliodorus his plough. XXII You believe, Pastor, I perhaps ask for riches for the same reasons as the vulgar and the dense-witted crowd ask, in order that Setia's glebe may wear away my hoes, and Tuscan fields clank with countless fet- tered slaves ; that a hundred round Moorish tables may stand on Libyan tusks, and golden plating tinkle on my couches ; that none but large crystal cups be rubbed by my lips, and that my Falernian darken the cooling snow;i that Syrian slaves in Canusian ^ wool may sweat beneath my litter-pole, and my chair be crowded by full-dressed clients ; that the tipsy guest may be hot for page of mine, whom you would not barter even for a Ganymede ; that a mud-bespattered mule may soil my Tyrian cloak, and the rod of a Massylian ^ guide m}' horse. 'Tis none of those things — I call to witness the high gods and heaven ! Then what ? To make presents. Pastor, and to build.'' XXTII O THOU whose lot has been to gleam with the Virgin's gold,^ say, Carus, where is the prize Pallas * C. had won the golden olive-wreath, the prize for poetry, at the annual contest in honour of Minerva at Domitian'a All)an villa: cf. iv. i. 5. Tliia he bad transferred to the Emperor's bust. 85 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL " Aspicis en domini fulgentes marmore vultus ? venit ad has ultro nostra corona comas." Albanae livere potest pia quercus olivae, 5 cinxerit invictum quod prior ilia caput. XXIV Quis Palatines imitatus imagine vultus Phidiacum Latio marmore vicit ebur ? haecmundi facies, haec sunt lovis ora sereni : sic tonat ille deus cum sine nube tonat. non solam tribuit Pallas tibi. Care, coronam ; 5 effigiem domini, quam colis, ilia dedit. XXV Dantem vina tuum quotiens aspeximus Hyllum, lumine nos, Afer, turbidiore notas. quodj rogo, quod scelus est mollem spectare minis- trum ? aspicimus solem sidera templa deos. avertam vultus, tamquam mihi pocula Gorgon 5 porrigat atque oculos oraque nostra petat ^ ? trux erat Alcides, et Hylan spectare licebat ; ludere Mercurio cum Ganymede licet, si non vis teneros spectet conviva ministros, Phineas invites, Afer, et Oedipodas. 10 * legam /3, petat. 86 BOOK IX. xxni-xxv gave thee ? " Seest thou there our master's face bright in marble? My crown unprompted passed to those locks." The patriot oak ^ may envy Alba's olive for that it fii'st wreathed that unconquered brow. XXIV Who, portraying in a bust Imperial features, has in Latin marble surpassed Phidian ivory? This is the aspect of a world, this the countenance of Jove in calm: so thunders that god when he thunders in cloudless skies. Not a crown alone has Pallas granted thee, Carus ; our master's effigy which thou dost worship has she given. XXV As often as we have glanced at your Hyllus while he is serving wine, 'tis with a somewhat troubled eye you regard us, Afer. What, what offence, I ask you, is it to gaze on a gentle cup-bearer ? We look upon the sun, stars, temples, gods. Am I to turn away my face as if a Gorgon offered me the cup, and were assaulting my eyes and my face ? Fierce was Al- cides, and 'twas allowed to gaze on Hylas : Mercury is allowed to sport along with Ganymede. If you do not wish your guest to gaze on your youthful servants, Afer, you should invite Phineuses and Oedipuses.2 * The golden oak-leaf crown, the prize of the quinquennial contest in music, etc., in honour of Jup. Capitolinus : ef. IV. i. 6. ^ Both Phineus and Oedipus were blind. 87 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXVI AuDET facundo qui carmina mittere Nervae, pallida donabit glaucina, Cosme, tibi, Paestauo violas et cana ligustra colono, Hyblaeis apibus Corsica mella dabit. sed tamen et parvae nonnulla est gratia Musac ; 5 appetitur posito vilis oliva lupo. nee tibi sit mirum modici quod conscia vatis iudicium metuit nostra Thalia tuum : ipse tuas etiani veritus Nero dicitur aures, lascivuni iuvenis cum tibi lusit opus. 10 XXVII Cum depilates, Chreste, coleos portes et vulturino mentulam parem coUo et prostitutis levius caput culis, nee vivat uUus in tuo pi! us crure, purgentque saevae cana labra volsellae, 5 Curios Camillos Quintios Numas Ancos et quidquid usquam legimus pilosorum loqueris sonasque grandibus minax verbis, et cum theatris saeculoque rixaris. occurrit aliquis inter ista si draucus, 10 iam paedagogo liberatus et cuius refibulavit turgidum faber penem, nutu vocatum duels, et pudet fari Catoniana, Chreste, quod facis lingua. 1 The future emperor : cf. viii. Ixx. 2 The celebrated perfumer : cf. iii. Iv. 1. Glaucina seems to have been an unguent made from the plant glaucium (? celandine). ^ i.e. will send things -and inferior things — where they are not wanted. Corsican honey was l)itter from the abundance of yews in the island : cf. Verg. Eel. ix. 30. 88 BOOK IX. xxvi-xxvii XXVI He who ventures to send poetry to eloquent Nerva^ will present you, Cosmus,^ with pale glaucine unguent, will give to a Paestan gardener violets and white privets, to bees of Hybla Corsican honey.^ Yet even a humble Muse possesses some cliarm ; a cheap olive gives relish to a bass upon the board. And do not wonder that, conscious of the slender powers of her bard, my Thalia shrinks from your judgment ; even Nero himself* is said to have feared your critic ears when in youth he lightly touched for you some wanton theme. XXVII Although you carry about one part of your person, Chrestus, plucked of hair, and another matching a vulture's neck, and a head smoother than prosti- tuted , and not a single bristle sprouts on your shanks, and pitiless pluckings clear your bloodless lips, you prate of Curii, Camilli, Quinctii, Numas, Ancuses, and of all the bristly philosophers we read of anywhere,^ and you vociferate in loud and threatening words, and quarrel with the theatres and the age. But if, in the midst of that pother of yours, there meet you, now freed from his pedagogue, some sodomite di cui turgido membro abbia il fabro sfibbiato, tu lo conduci chiamato con un segno ; e mi vergogno dire, O Chresto, ci6 che fai colla tua lingua da Catone. * Who made verses easily : Suet. Ner. lii. "INI. constantly reviles the hypocrisy of dissolute scoun- drels assuming tlie gui-e of philosophers: cf. i. xxiv.; ix xlviii.; and Juv. ii. 3 seqq. vol.. n. jD ^9 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXVIII DuLCE decus scaenae, ludorum fama, Latinus ille ego sum, plausus deliciaeque tuae, qui spectatoreni potui fecisse Catonem, solvere qui Curios Fabriciosque graves, sed nihil a nostro sumpsit mea vita theatro 5 et sola tantum scaenicus arte feror : nee poteram gratus domino sine moribus esse : interius mentes inspicit ille deus. vos me laurigeri parasitum dicite Phoebi, Roma sui famulum dum sciit esse lovis. 10 XXIX Saecula Nestoreae permensa, Philaeni, senecLae rapta es ad infernas tam cito Ditis aquas ? Euboicae nondum numerabas longa Sibjllae tempora : maior erat mensibus ilia tribus. heu quae lingua silet ! non illam mille catastae 5 vincebant, nee quae turba Sarapin amat, nee matutini cirrata caterva magistri, nee quae Strymonio de grege ripa sonat. quae nunc Thessalico lunam deducere rhombo, quae sciet hos illos vendere lena toros ? 10 ^ A celebrated mime or comic actor : cf. ii. Ixxii. 3. He was also a delator, or informer. * Ben Jonson has evidently copied these lines in his tribute to Shakespeare, " Th' applause, delight, the wonder of our stage." ^ cf. 1. Intr Papist. * My art is that of a mime, not my morals. * There appears to have V)een a fellowship of mimi (comic actors), called the " Parasites of Phoebus." At any rate mimi were so called : (J". Qrut. Corp. Inscr. cccxxix. and cccxxx. 90 BOOK IX. xxvni-xxix XXVIII The darling pride of the stage, the glory of the games, that Latinus ^ am I, the favourite of your applause,^ who could have made a spectator of Cato,^ who could have dissolved in laughter the stern Curii and Fabricii. But nought from Rome's theatre did my life assume ; and only through my art am I accounted of the stage ; * nor could I have been dear to my master had I not character : that God looks into the heart within. Call me, if ye will, the parasite of laurelled Phoebus,^ so Rome but know that I am the servant of her Jove.^ XXIX Philaenis, who hast measured to the full the ages of Nestor's long life, hast thou been hurried so swiftly to the nether waters of Dis ? Not as yet wert thou reckoning the long years of Euboea's Sibyl : ^ older by three months was she. Alas, what a tongue is silent ! That tongue not a thousand slave-marts used to drown, nor the throng that worships Serapis, nor the curly-headed troop of the schoo. master at morn, nor the river bank that echoes to Strymon's flock of cranes. Who now will be cunning with Thessalian wheel to draw earthward the nioon,^ what bawd to sell this or that marriage bed ? May upon thee ' The emperor. " The Sibyl of Cumae in Campania, a colony from Chalcia in Euboea. Sibyls were women inspired with prophetic power. The Cumaean Sibyl was said to have been 700 years old when Aeneas landed, centuries before Martial. * Witches were supposed to have this power: c/, xii. Ivii. 17. 91 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris harena, ne tua non possint eruere ossa canes. XXX Cappadocum saevis Antistius oceidit oris Rusticus. o tristi crimine terra nocens ! rettulit ossa sinu cari Nigrina mariti et questa est longas non satis esse vias ; cumque daret sanctam tumulis, quibus invidet, urnam, visa sibi est rapto bis viduata viro. 6 XXXI Cum comes Arctois haereret Caesaris armis Velius, banc Marti pro duce vovit avem. luna quater binos non tota peregerat orbes, debita pnscebat iam sibi vota deus : ipse suas anser properavit laetus ad aras 5 et cecidit Sanctis hostia parva focis. octo vides patulo pendere nomismata rostro alitis ? haec extis condita nuper erant. quae litat argento pro te, non sanguine, Caesar, victima iam ferro non opus esse docet. 10 XXXII Hanc volo quae facilis, quae palliolata vagatur, banc volo quae puero iam dedit ante meo, ^ The last two lines are found in a Greek epigram (Anth. Pal. xi. 226) liy Aiiiniianus, a contemporary of M * Velius Paullus, who went with Domitian to the Sarma- tian war. 92 BOOK IX. xxix-xxxii earth be light, and thou be covered with crumbling sand, that thy bones dogs may not — be unable to root up ! ^ XXX Antistius Rusticus has died on Cappadocia's cruel shores : O land guilty of a dolorous crime ! Nigrina brought back in her bosom her dear husband's bones, and sighed that the way was all too short; and when to the tomb she envies she was giving that sacred urn, she deemed herself twice widowed of her ravished spouse. XXXI Velius,2 what time he looked to join Caesar's Arctic war, for his general's sake vowed this bird to Mars.3 1 he moon had not rounded full her orb twice four times over* when the god was claiming the vow already due. Of its own accord ^ the goose gladly hasted to the altar, and fell, a humble victim, on the sacred hearth. See you eight coins hang- ing from the fowl's open beak.? These were but' now hid in its entrails. The victim, Caesar, that for thee gives fair omens with silver, not with blood, teaches us there is now no need for steel. XXXII Her I wish for who is willing, who gads about in a mantilla, her I wish for who has already granted 3 A goose was representative of the safety of Rome. •* The Sarmatian war did not last ciglit months. * It was a good omen when the victim went willingly to the sacrifice. 93 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL banc volo quam redimit totam denarius alter, banc volo quae pariter sufficit una tribus. poscentem nummos et grandia verba sonantem 5 possideat crassae mentula Burdigalae. XXXIII AuDiERis in quo, Flacce, balneo plausum, Maronis illie esse mentulam scito. XXXIV luppiTER Idaei risit mendacia busti, dum videt Augusti Flavia templa poli, atque inter mensas largo iam nectare fusus, pocula cum Marti traderet ipse sue, respiciens Pl.oebum pariter Phoebique sororem, 5 cum quibus Alcides et pius Areas erat, " Gnosia vos " inquit " nobis monumenta dedistis : cernite quam plus sit Caesaris esse patrem." XXXV Artibus his semper cenam, Philomuse, mereris, plurima dum fingis, sed quasi vera refers. scis quid in Arsacia Pacorus deliberet aula, Rhenanam numeras Sarmaticamque manum, ^ Such women were called diobolarea (worth two obols) : Plaut. Poen. i. ii 58 ; and associated with slaves. Plaut. {ibid. 53) thus calls them servilicolaa eordidas, 94 BOOK IX. xxxii-xxxv her favours to my slave ; hw I wish for whom a second sixpence purchases altocretlier ; ^ her I wish for whose single self suffices three lovers at once. One who demands moneys^ and who talks in a big style, the stupid Gascon may possess. XXXIII In whatever bath, Flaccus, you hear sounds re- sembling applause, know that there Maron's yard is to be found. XXXIV Jupiter laughed at the lying tale of his tomb on Ida as he looked on the Flavian temple of the Augustan heaven;'^ and amid the feast when now full steeped in nectar, as with his own hand he passed to Mars his son the beaker, looking back to Phoebus and Phoebus' sister side by side, with whom were Alcides and the leal Arcadian god,^ he said : " Ye have given me a monument at Gnossos : ye see how much more it is to be Caesar's sire ! " XXXV By such arts as these, Philomusus, you always earn your dinner: you invent much and retail it as truth. You know what counsel Pacorus * takes in his Arsacian palace ; you estimate the Rhenish 2 cf. IX iii. 12. •* Hercules and Mercury respectively. * King of Parthia, Rome's great rival in the East. 95 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL verba ducis Daci charMs mandata resignaSj 5 victricem laurum quam venit ante vides, scis quotiens Phario madeat love fusca Syene, scis quota de Libyco Htore puppis eat, cuius luleae capiti nascantur olivae, destinet aetherius cui sua serta pater. 10 tolle tuas artes ; hodie cenabis apud me hac lege, at narres nil, Philomuse, novi. XXXVI ViDERAT Ausonium posito modo crine ministrum Phryx puer, alterius gaudia nota lovis : " Quod tuus ecce suo Caesar permisit ephebo tu permitte tuo, maxime rector" ait. "iam mihi prima latet longis lanugo capillis, 5 iam tua me ridet luno vocatq'ie virum." cui pater aetherius " Puer o dulcissime," dixit " non ego quod poscis, res netrat ipsa tibi : Caesar habet noster similis tibi mille ministros tantaque sidereos vix capit aula mares; 10 at tibi si dederit vultus coma tonsa viriles, quis mihi qui nectar misceat alter erit ? " XXXVII Cum sis ipsa domi mediaque ornere Subura, fiant absentes et tibi, Galla, comae, ^ i.e. you know whether corn, which comes from Egypt and Libya, is likely to be plentiful. "^ cf. IX. xxiii. 1. * cj'. IX. xxiii. 5. 96 BOOK IX. xxxv-xxxvii and Sarmatian armies ; the orders of Dacia's com- mander, committed to despatches, you unseal ; vic- tory's laurel ere it arrives you see ; you know how often dusky Syene is drenched by Egypt's showers ; you know how many ships set sail from Libya s shore ; ^ for who e brow are growing Julian olives,^ for whom Heaven's father designs his chaplets.^ A truce to your arts ! To-day you shall dine at my house on this condition, Philomusus, that you tell me no news ! * XXXVI The Phrygian boy,^ famed darling of the other Jove, had seen Ausonia's cupbearer ^ with locks lately shorn, and said : " What thy Caesar, behold, has allowed his young attendant, that do thou, al- mighty ruler, allow thy own. Already early down lies hid by my long hair, already thy Juno laughs at me and calls me man." To whom Heaven's sire : "O sweetest boy," he said, "'tis not I refuse thy asking : 'tis very need refuses thee. My Caesar hath a thousand servants like to thee, and his hall, mighty as it is, scarce holds his youths divinely fair. But if shorn liair shall give thee face of man, what other shall there be to mix nectar for me ? " XXXVII Although, yourself at home, you are arrayed in the middle of the Subura, and your tresses, Galla, * cf. a similar description of a woman in Juv. vi. 398-412. * Ganymede. « Eaiinos : rf. ix. xi. to xiii. ; and, as to the cutting of the hair, ix. xvi. and xvii. 97 D 2 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nee denies aliter qiiam Serica nocte reponas, et iaceas centum condita pyxidibus, nee tecum facies tua dormiat, innuis illo 5 quod tibi prolatum est mane supercilio, et te nulla movet cani reverentia cunni, quern potes inter avos iam numerare tuos. promittis sescenta tamen ; sed mentula surda est, et sit lusca licet, te tamen ilia videt. 10 XXXVIII SuMMA licet velox, Agathine, pericula ludas, non tamen efficies ut tibi parma cadat. nolentem sequitur tenuisque reversa per auras vel pede vel tergo, crine vel ungue sedet ; lubrica Corycio quamvis sint pulpita nimbo 5 et rapiant celeres vela negata Noti, secures pueri neglecta perambulat artus, et nocet artifici ventus et unda nihil, ut peccare velis, cum feceris omnia, falli non potes : arte opus est ut tibi parma cadat. 10 XXXIX Prima Palatino lux est haec orta Tonanti, optasset Cybele qua peperisse lovem ; hac et sancta mei genita est Caesonia Rufi : plus debet matri nulla puella suae. ^ An epigram on a juggler tossing a shield. A mistake, saj'S M., is impossible, unless intended. . 98 BOOK IX. xxxvii-xxxix are manufactured far away, and you lay aside your teeth at night, just as you do your silk dresses, and you lie stored away in a hundred caskets, and your face does not sleep with you — yet you wink with that eyebrow which has been brought out for you in the morning, and no respect moves you for your outworn carcass — which you may now count as one of your ancestors. Nevertheless you offer me an infinity of delights. But Nature is deaf, and although she may be one-eyed, she sees you anyhow. XXXVIII Although, Agatbinus, you deftly play a game of highest risk, yet you will not achieve the falling of your buckler.^ Though you avoid it, it Ibllows you, and, returning through the yielding air, settles on foot or back, on hair or finger-tip. However slippery is the stage with a Corycian saffron-shower, and although rushing winds tear at the awning that cannot be spread, the buckler, though disregarded, pervades the boy's careless limbs, and wind and shower baffle the artist no whit. Although you try to miss, do what you will, you cannot be foiled : art is needed to make your buckler fall. XXXIX This day was the first that dawned upon the Thunderer of the Palatine,^ a day whereon Cybele would have chosen to bring forth Jove ; on this day, too, was born Caesonia, my Rufus' ^ wife revered : no maid owes to her mother more than she. Her * Domitian, born Oct. 24. ^ Canius Rufus, the poet of Gades : cf. \. Ixi. 9 ; lii. xx. 99 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL laetatur gemina votorum sorte maritus, 6 contigit hunc illi quod bis amare diem. XL Tarpeias Diodorus ad coronas Romam cum peteret Pharo relicta, vovit pro reditu viri Pliilaenis illam lingeret, ut puella simplex, . quam castae quoque diligunt Sabinae. 5 dispersa rate tristibus procellis mersus fluctibus obrutusque ponto ad votum Diodorus enatavit. o tardus nimis et p'ger maritus ! hoc in litore si puella votum 10 fecisset mea, protinus redissem. XLI PoNTicE, quod numquam futuis, sad paelice laeva uteris et Veneri servit amica manus, hoc nihil esse putas ? scelus est, mihi crede, sed ingens. quantum vix animo concipis ipse tuo. nempe semel futuit, generaret Horatius ut tres ; 5 Mai's semel, ut geminos Ilia casta daret. omnia perdiderat si masturbatus utcrque mandasset manibus gaudia foeda suis. ipsam crede tibi naturam dicere rerum *'Istud quod digitis^ Pontice, perdis, homo est." 10 too BOOK IX. xxxix-xLi spouse rejoices in a twofold granting of prayer : this day it has fallen to him to cherish with a double love. XL When Diodorus, leaving Egypt, was travelling to Rome to receive the Tarpeian crown,^ Philaenis made a vow for the retui-n of her husband that, as an innocent girl, she would put her lips to what - even chaste Sabine women love. His ship shattered by grim tempests, though plunged in the waves, and o'erwheluied by the deep, Diodorus, to claim the vow, swam safe to land. Oh, what a very tardy and sluggish husband ! If girl of mine had made this vow on the shore, I should have returned at once ! 3 XLI O PoNTico, 11 perche tu mai immembri, ma usi I'adultera tua sinistra, e I'amica mano serve a Ve- nere, pensi tu che ci6 sia niente ? E una scele- ragine, credimi, ma si grande e tale, che appena tu stesso la concepisci nell'animo tuo. In fatti Orazio immembr6 una volta sola perche generasse tre fig- liuoli ; Marte una volta perche la casta Ilia dasse i gemelli. L'uno e I'altro avrebbe distrutto offni cosa t> to"^ se quel masturbatore avesse abbandonato i sozzi piaceri alle sue mani. Credi che la natura stessa delle cose ti dice: "ci6 che, O Pontico, distruggi coUe dita h un uomo." ^ cf. IX. xxiii. 5. * i.e. menUdam. 3 Without embarking from Egypt at all. loi THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLII Campis dives Apollo sic Myrinis, sic semper senibus fruare cycnis, doctae sic tibi serviant sorores nee Delphis tua mentiatur ulli, sic Palatia te colant amentque : 5 bis senos cite te rogante fasces det Stellae bonus adnuatque Caesar. felix tunc ego debitorque voti casurum tibi rusticas ad aras ducam cornibus aureis iuvencum. 10 nata est hostia, Phoebe ; quid nioraris ? XLIII Hic qui dura sedens porrecto saxa leone mitigat, exiguo magnus in acre deus, quaeque tulit spectat resupino sidera vultu^ cuius laeva calet robore, dextra mero, non est fama recens nee nostri gloria caeli ; 5 nobile Lysippi munus opusque vides. hoc habuit nunien Pellaei mensa tyranni, qui cito perdomito victor in orbe iacet ; hunc puer ad Libycas iuraverat Hannibal aras; iusserat hic SuUam ponere regna trucem. 10 ofFensus variae tumidis terroribus aulae privatos gaudet nunc habitare lares, ^ A town in Mysia, in Asia Minor. In the neighbourhood was Grynium with a temple of Apollo. ' i.e. in vocal swans. Swans were supposed to sing just before death : rf. xiii. Ixxvii. '' The Muses. * The insignia of the consul : cf. viii. Ixvi. 3. * Hercules for a time took the place of Atlas in upholding the sky : cf. VII. Ixxiv. 6. I02 BOOK IX. xLii-xLiii XLII So mayst thou, Apollo, be rich in plains of My- rina,i so mayst thou alway delight in hoary swans,- so may th}' learned Sisters ^ serve thee, and thy Delphic priestess speak not falsely to any man ; so may the Palace court and love thee, if, at thy asking, our kindly Caesar's nod give quickly to Stella the twice six axes.^ Then I, happy, and a debtor for my vow, will bring thee a victim to thy rustic altar, a steer with gold-gilt horns. The offering is born, Phoebus : why dost thou delay ? XLIII He who seated makes softer the hard stones by a stretched lion's skin, a huge god in small shape of bronze, and who, with face upturned, regards the stars he shouldered,^ whose left hand is aglow with strength, his right with wine''— no recent work of fame is he, nor the glory of Roman chisel : Lysij)- pus' noble gift and handiwork you see." This deity the board of Pella's tyrant disjilayed, he who lies in a world he swiftly subdued ; ^ by him Hannibal, then a boy, swore at Libyan altars ; ^ he bade fierce Sulla resign his power. Vexed by the boastful threats of fickle courts, he is glad now to dwell beneath a • He has a club in one haml, a wine-cup in the other. ' This and the folloivin;^ epigram are on a statue by Lysip- piis, a contemporary of Alexander the Great, of Hercules rec ining at the banquet of the gods (epUrapezius). Statius {Sylv. IV. vi. ) has a poem on the same subject. * Alexander the Great. ' H. when a boy swore undying hatred to Rome. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL utque fuit quondam placidi conviva Molorchi, sic voluit docti Vindicis esse deus. XLIV Alcides modo Vindicem rogabam esset cuius opus laborque felix. risit, nam solet hoc, levique nutu "Graece nuuiquid " ait " poeta nescis ? inscripta est basis indicatque nomen." 5 A\;cri7r7roi; lego, Phidiae putavi. XLV Miles Hyperboreos modo, Marcelline, triones et Getici tuleras sidera ])igra poli : ecce Promethei rupes et fabula montis quam prope sunt oculis nunc adeunda tuis ! videris inmensis cum conclamata querellis 5 saxa senis, dices "Durior ipse fuit." et licet haec addas : " Potuit qui talia ferre, humanum merito finxerat ille genus." XLVI Gellius aedificat semper : modo limina ponit, nunc foribus claves aptat emitque seras, nunc has, nunc illas reficit mutatque fenestras : dum tantum aedificet, quidlibet ille facit, oranti nummos ut dicere possit amico 5 unum illud verbum Gellius " Aedifico." ^ The shepherd who entertained him unawares : cf. iv. Ixiv. 30. ^ Prometheus, according to mytli, moulded man out of clay [cf. X. xxxix. 4), giving them tiie qualities of various 104 BOOK IX. xLiii-xLvi private roof; and, as he was of old the guest of gentle Molorchus,' so has he now chosen to be the god of learned Vindex. XLIV I ASKED Vindex lately whose art and happy toil fashioned Alcides. He laughed — for this is his way — and slightly nodding, said: "Don't you, a poet, know your Greek ? The base has an inscription and shows the name." I read " of Lysippus " : 1 thought it was of Phidias ! XLV A SOLDIER, Marcellinus, you had endured of late the cold of the Northern Wain, and the slow-circling stars of Getic skies : behold, how near the compass of your eyes are now Prometheus' crag, and the fabled mount! When you shall have seen the rocks that echoed with the old man's groans, you will say, "He himself was harder still." And this you may add : "He who could endure such things was fit to mould the race of man." ^ XLVI Gellius is always building: now he lays down thresholds, now he fits keys to doors and buys bolts, now these, now those windows he repairs and alters ; provided only he be building,^ Gellius does anything whatever, that to a friend who asks for money he may be able to say that one word : " Building." animals : cf. Hor. Od. i. xvi. 13. Credulity in later timcH saw in stones at Paiiope in Phocis (still smelling of human llesh !) the reiiiiiants of P. clay : Pans. X. iv. 3. 3 Friedliinder punctuates "/enesiras, . . . aedificet. Qnid- libe.t . . .facit" j^c THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLVII Democritos, Zenonas inexplicitosque Platonas quidquid et hirsutis squalet imaginibus, sic quasi Pythagorae loqueris successor et heres ; praependet sane nee tibi barba minor : sed, quod et hircosis serum est et turpe pilosis, 5 in molli rigidam clune libenter habes. tu, qui sectarum causas et pondera nosti, die mihi, percidi, Pannyche, dogma quod est ? XLVIII Heredem cum me partis tibi, Garrice, quartae per tua iurares sacra caputque tuum, credidimus (quis enim damnet sua vota libenter?) et spem muneribus fovimus usque datis ; inter quae rari Laurentem ponderis aprum 5 misimus : Aetola de Calydoiie putes. at tu continue populumque patresque vocasti ; ructat adhuc aprum pallida ^ Roma meum : ipse ego (quis credat ?) conviva nee ultimus haesi, sed nee costa data est caudave missa mihi. 10 de quadrante tuo quid spereni, Garrice ? nulla de nostro nobis uncia venit apro. XLIX Haec est ilia meis multum cantata libelHs, quam meus edidicit lector amatque togam. * pallida Dousa, callida codd. io6 BOOK IX. xLvii-XLix XLVII Of Democrituses, Zenos, and enigmatic Platos, and of every philosopher sliown, dirty and hirsute, on a bust, you prate as if you were successor and heir of Pythagoras ; and before your chin hangs a beard cer- tainly no less than theirs. Ma ci6 che tardi si senti agli ircosi, e turpemente ai pelosi, tu volontieri lo comporti rigido nelle effeminate coscie. You, who know the origins of the schools and their argu- ments, tell me this : what dogma, Pannychus, is it to be a pathic ? XLVIII Seeing that you swore, Garricus, by your sacred rites and by your head, that J was heir to a quarter of your estate, I believed you — for who would willingly damn his own wishes? — and I kept warm my hope by continual presents, among which I sent you a Laurentian boar of unusual weight : you would imagine it came from Aetolian Calydon.^ But you at once invited both people and Senate ; a bilious Rome is still belching my boar. I myself — who could believe it .'' — was not added even as your last guest, aye, and not even a rib Avas given me or tail sent me. Concerning that quarter- estate of yours, what should I expect, Garricus ? Not a twelfth of my own boar came to me I XLIX This is that toga much sung of in my poems, which my reader has heard of to the full, and loves.^ ' i.e. it was as liuge as the boar slain by Meleager : cf. VII. xxvii. 2. '^ c/. viii. xxviii. 107 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Partheniana fuit quondam, memorabile vatis munus : in hac ibam conspiciendus eques, dum nova, dum nitida fulgebat splendida lana, dumque erat auctoris nomine dif^^na sui : nunc anus et tremulo vix accipienda tribuli, quam possis niveam dicere iure tuo. quid non longa dies, quid non consumitis anni? haec toga iam non est Partheniana, mea est. Ingenium mihi, Gaure, probas sic esse pusillum, carmina quod faciam quae brevitate placent. confiteor. sed tu bis senis grandia libris qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es ? nos facimus Bruti puerum, nos Langona vivum : 5 tu magnus luteum, Gaure, Giganta facis. LI Quod semper superos invito fratre rogasti, hoc, Lucane, tibi contigit, ante mori. invidet ille tibi; Stygias nam Tullus ad umbras optabat, quamvis sit minor, ire prior. tu cobs Elysios nemorisque habitator amoeni 5 esse tuo primum nunc sine fratre cupis ; et si iam nitidis alternus venit ab astris pro Polluce, mones Castora ne redeat. ^ Parthenius (himself a poet : cf. xi. i.) was Domitian's secretary, his name being derived from -napdivos (virgii)), on which M plays. The cloak was once young and unspotted : now it is old. * i.e. threadbare, and therefore chill : cf. iv. xxxiv. 2. ' It befits my poverty. io8 BOOK IX. xLix-Li Parthenian was it once, a bard's memorable gift:^ in this I went conspicuous as a knight, while it was new, while it brightly shone with glossy wool, and while it was worthy of its giver's name. Now it is an old crone, and one scarcely to be accepted by a dodder- ing pauper, which you may without contradiction call " snowy." ^ What does not length of days, what do ye not consume, ye years .'' This toga is no longer Parthenian : it is mine.^ You prove to me, Gaurus, that my genius is in this way a puny one, because I make poems that please by their brevity. I confess it. But you, who in twice six books write of Priam's wars in grand style, are you a great man ? I make Brutus' boy,* 1 make Langon live : you, great man as you are, Gaurus, make a giant of clay. LI What thou didst alway crave of the High Gods, though thy brother said nay, this has fallen to thee, Lucanus — tlie earlier death. He envies thee ; for Tullus longed, though younger than thou, to go before thee to the Stygian shades. Thou dwellest in Elysian fields, and, denizen of that pleasant grove, now for the first time desirest to be without thy brother ; and, if Castor ^ has now come alternate from the lustrous stars in Pollux' stead, thou dost counsel him not to return again.^ * A statuette admired by Brutus, the assassin of Caesar : cf. II. Ixxvii. 4. Of Langon nothing is known. ^ rf. I. xxxvi. 2 * Another punctuation is a connna after a-itria and none after Polluce. AUermta would then refer to Pollux, and not Castor. 109 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LII Si credis mihi, Quinte, quod mereris, natalis, Ovidi, tuas Aprilis ut nostras amo Martias Kalendas. felix utraque lux diesque nobis signandi melioribus lapillis ! 5 hie vitani tribuit sed hie amieum. plus dant, Quinte, mihi tuae Kalendae. LIII Natali tibi, Quinte, tuo dare })arva volebam munera ; tu prohibes : inperiosus homo es. parendum est monitis, fiat quod uterque volemus et quod utrumque iuvat : tu mihi, Quinte, dato. LIV Si mihi Picena turdus palleret oliva, tenderet aut nostras silva Sabina plagas, aut crescente levis traheretur harundine praeda, pinguis et inplicitas virga teneret avis. Care, daret soUemne tibi cognatio munus 5 nee frater nobis nee prior asset avus. nunc sturnos inopes fringillorumque querellas audit et arguto passere vernat ager ; inde salutatus picae respondet arator, hinc prope summa rapax milvus ad astra volat. 10 '^ M.'s friend and neighbour at Nomentiim : cf, vii. xciii He addresses to him Vii, xliv. and xlv. , and the following epigram. ■^ A cane smeared with birdlime, which could be elongated like a fishing-rod : cf. xiv. ccxviii. BOOK IX. Lii-Liv LII If you believe me, Quintus Ovidius/ the kalends of your natal April I love — 'tis your desert — as much as my own of March. Happy is either morn! and days are thev to be marked by us with fairer stones. One gave me life, but the other a friend. Your kalends, Quintus, give me the more. LIII On your birthday, Quintus, I was wishing to give you a small present ; you forbid me ; you are an imperious person ! I must obey your monition. Let be done what both of us wish, and what pleases both. Do you, Quintus, make vie a present! LIV If fieldfares were fattened for me on Picenian olives, or Sabine woodland saw my gins stretched out, or a fluttering prey were drawn down by the lengthening reed,^ and a limed rod held fast the entangled birds, Carus, my kinship^ would give you the customary offering, and neither brother nor grandsire would come before you. As it is, my fields listen only to useless starlings and the plaint of chaffinches, and are vernal with the shrill sparrow ; on that side the ploughman answers the magpie's call; on this, hard by, the ravening kite towers to * On Feb. 22 was held the festival of the Caristia, when relations met and interchanged {)resents and arranged differ- ence.s. It wa.s a kind of family love-feast : cf. Ov. Fast. ii. 617 ; Val. Max. ii. i. S. Ill THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL mittimus ergo tibi parvae munuscula chortis, qualia si recipis, saepe propinquus eris. LV Luce propinquorum, qua plurima mittitur ales, dum Stellae turdos, dum tibi, Flacce, paro, succurrit nobis ingens onerosaque turba, in qua se primum quisque meumque putat. demeruisse duos votum est ; ofFendere plures 5 vix tutum ; multis mittere dona grave est. qua possum sola veniam ratione merebor : nee Stellae turdos nee tibi, Flacce, dabo. LVI Spendophoros Libycas domini petit armiger urbis : quae puero dones tela, Cupido, para, ilia quibus iuvenes figis mollesque puellas : sit tamen in tenera levis et hasta manu. loricam clipeumque tibi galeamque remitto ; 5 tutus ut invadat proelia, nudus eat : non iaculo, non ense fuit laesusve sagitta, casside dum liber Parthenopaeus erat. quisquis ab hoc fuerit fixus morietur aniore. 0 felix, si quern tam bona fata manent! 10 dum puer es, redeas, dum vultu lubricus, et te non Libye faciat, sed tua Roma virum. 1 See note to preceding epigram. '^ Stella, the poet mentioned in i. vii. and other epigrams, and (perhaps) Valerius Flaccus, the author of the epic poem, the Argonautica. 112 BOOK IX. uv-Lvi the lofty stars. So I send you the small tributes of my scanty poultry-yard ; if you accept such things, you shall often be my kinsman. LV On Kinsmen's Day,^ when many a fowl is de- spatched, while I was preparing to send fieldfares to Stella, while also to you, Fiaccus,^ there came to my mind a big and burdensome crowd, of which each one thinks himself the chief, and my particular friend. To oblige two is my wish; to offend more is hardly safe ; to despatch gifts to many is a heavy charge. In the only way I can I will earn their pardon : neither to Stella, nor to you, Flaccus, will I give fieldfares, LVI Spendophorus goes, his master's armour-bearer, to Libyan cities : get ready the shafts, Cupid, to give the boy — those wherewith thou dost pierce youths and soft girls ; yet in his tender hand let there be a smooth sj)ear too. Cuirass and shield and helm I leave to thee ; that he may plunge amid the war unscathed let him go bare ; by no javelin, by no sword or arrow Avas Parthenopueus ^ hurt when he was not disguised by a casque. Whoever shall be pierced by this boy shall perish of love— oh, happy he, over whoever so fair a fate impends ! While thou art boy, return, while thy face is perilously bright ; * and thee let not Libya, but thy Rome, make man ! ' A yonng and handsome Greek warrior, one of tiie "Seven against Thebes " : cf. vi Ixxvii. 2 ; x. iv. 3. * A reminiscence of Hor. Od. i. xix. 8 : et mdtus nimium lubricv^ aspici. 1^3 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LVII Nil est tritius Hedyli lacernis : non ansae veterum Corinthiorura, nee crus compede lubricum deceniii, nee ruptae recutita colla mulae, nee quae Flaminiam secant salebrae, 5 nee qui litoribus nitent lapilli, nee Tusca ligo vinea politus, nee pallens toga mortui tribulis, nee pigri rota quassa muUonis, nee rasum cavea latus visontis, 10 nee dens iam senior ferocis apri. res una est tanien (ipse non negabit) cuius tritior Hedyli lacernis. LVIII NvMPHA sacri regina lacus, cui grata Sabinus et mansura pio munere templa dedit, sic montana tuos semper colat Umbria fontes nee tua Baianas Sassina malit aquas, excipe sollicitos placide, niea dona, libellos ; 5 tu fueris Musis Pegasis unda meis. " Nympharum templis quisquis sua carmina donat, quid fieri libris debeat, ipse docet." LIX In Saeptis Mamurra diu multumque vagatus, hie ubi Roma suas aurea vexat opes, 1 The slower the progress, the greater would be the friction of the wheel, and its polish. * Caeaius Sabinus, of Sassina, in Umbria, to whom M. presented his seventh book : cf. vii. xcvii. In ix. Ix. he sends him a wreath of roses. 114 BOOK IX. Lvii-Lix LVII Nothing is worn smoother than Hedylus' mantles: not the handles of antique Corinthian vases, nor a shank polished by a ten-years-worn fetter, nor the scarred neck of a broken-winded mule, nor the ruts that intersect the Flaminian Way, nor the pebbles that shine on the sea beach, nor a hoe polished by a Tuscan vineyard, nor the shiny toga of a defunct pauper, nor the ramshackle wheel of a lazy^ carrier, nor a bison's flank scraped by its cage, nor the tusk, now aged, of a fierce boar. Yet there is one thing — he himself will not deny it : Hedylus' rump is worn smoother than his mantle. LVIII Nymph, Queen of the sacred mere, to whom Sa- binus^ by pious gift has given a temple, welcome to thee and destined to endure — so may hilly Umbria ever honour thy fount, and thy Sassina prize not more the waters of Baiae — receive with placid brow my gift, these anxious^ verses; then shalt thou be to my Muse her spring of Pegasus.^ " Whoever gives his poems to temples of the Nj^mphs, himself declares what should be done with his books.'' ^ LIX Mamurra, long and often wandering in the Saepta, here where Golden Rome flings about her wealth, * i e. as to its reception by the Nymph, or by Sabinus. * Kipporrene, the fountain of the Muses, created by the stroke of the hoof of Pegasus. * i.e. to be tliiown into the water. The supposed reply of the Nymph. For the same idea, c/. i. v. ; ni. c. 4 ; iv. x. 6. 115 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL inspexit molles pueros oculisque comedit, non hos quos primae prostituere casae, sed quos ai-canae servant tabulata catastae 5 et quos non populus nee mea turba videt • inde satur mensas et opertos exuit orbes expositumque alte pingue poposcit ebur, et testudineum mensus quater liexaclinon ingemuit citro non satis esse suo. 10 consuluit nares an olerent aera Corinthon, culpavit statuas et^ Polyclite, tiias, et, turbata brevi qiiestus crystallina vitro, murrina signavit seposuitque decern, expendit veteres ealathos et si qua fuerunt 15 poeula Mentorea nobilitata manu, et viridis picto gemmas numeravit in auro, quidquid et a nivea grandius aure sonat. sardonychas veros mensa quaesivit in omni et pretium magnis fecit iaspidibus. 20 undecima lassus cum iam discederet hora, asse duos calices emit et ipse tulit. LX Seu tu Paestanis genita es seu Tiburis arvis, seu rubuit tellus Tuscula flore tuo, seu Praenestino te vilica legit in horto, seu modo Campani gloria ruris eras, ^ cf. II. xliii. 9. ^ Connoisseurs professed to detect an odour in genuine Corinthian bronze: Petr. 50. * Of Sicyon, a celebrated sculptor of the fifth century B.C. ii6 BOOK IX. Lix-Lx inspected and devoured with his eyes dainty boys, not those the outer stalls nir.de public, but those who are guarded by the platforms of a secret stand, and whom the peojile do not see, nor the crowd of such as I. Then, sated with the view, he had tables and round covered table-tops ^ laid bare, and must needs have their high-hung glistening ivory supports brought down; and, after four measurements of a tortoise-shell couch for six, he said with a sigh that it was too small for his citrus-wood table. He took counsel of his nose whether the bronzes smelt of Corinth,^ and condemned even your statuary, Polyclitus;^ and, complaining that the crystal vases were disfigured by a small piece of glass, he put his seal on ten murrine* articles, and set them aside. He weighed antique tankards, and any cups made precious by Mentor's^ handiwork, and counted the emeralds set in chased gold, and every larger pearl that tinkles from a snow-white ear. Genuine sardonyxes he looked for on every table, and offered a price for some big jaspers. When at the eleventh hour, fagged out, he was at last departing, for a penny he bought two cups — and bore them off himself 1 ^ LX Whether thou wert born in fields of Paestum or of Tibur, or the soil of Tuscuhim blushed with thy flower ; or a farmer's wife culled thee in a garden at Praeneste, or thou wert erewhile the glory of * Perhaps porcelain : cf. xiv. cxiii. * A celebrated worker in embossed metal of the fourth century b.u. : cf. in. xli. 1 ; iv. xxxix. 5. ' He had not even a slave of hia own. 117 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL pulchrior ut nostro videare corona Sabino, de Nomentano te piitet esse meo. LXI In Tartesiacis domus est notissima terris, qua dives placidiim Corduba Baetin amat, vellera nativo pallent ubi flava metallo et Unit Hesperium brattea viva pecus. aedibus in mediis totos amplexa penates stat platanus densis Caesariana comis, hospitis invicti posuit quam dextera felix, coepit et ex ilia crescere virga manu. auctorem dominumque suum sentire videtur : sic viret et ramis sidera celsa petit, saepe sub hac madidi luserunt arbore Fauni terruit et tacitam fistula sera domum : dumque fugit solos nocturnum Pana per agros, saepe sub hac latuit rustica fronde Dryas. atque oluere lares coniissatore Lyaeo, crevit et effuso laetior umbra mero ; hesternisque rubens deiecta est herba coronis atque suas potuit dicere nemo rosas. o dilecta deiSj o magni Caesaris arbor, ne metuas ferrum sacrilegosque focos. perpetuos spei'are licet tibi frondis honores : non Pompeianae te posuere manus. ' Whicli produced nothing: cf. vil. xxxi. S. ^ The Guadalquiver. ^ cf. V. xxxvii. 7 ; viii. xxviii. 6. ii8 BOOK IX. LX-LXi Campanian meads ; that thou mayst seem to my Sabinus a chaplet the more fair, let him think thou art from my Nomentan ^ farm. LXI A HOUSE renowned stands in the land of Tartessus where rich Corduba woos tranquil Baetis/- where fleeces are yellow-pale with native ore, and living gold o'erlays the Western flock.^ In the middle of the house, shadowing all the abode, stands with dense leafage Caesar's'* plane, which an unconquered Guest's propitious hand planted, and which — then but a shoot — began from that hand to grow. It seems to feel who was its creator and lord ; so green it is, and with its boughs it climbs higli heaven. Ofttimes under this tree sported Fauns ^ flown with wine, and a late-blown pipe startled the still house ; and, while o'er lonely fields she fled by night from Pan, oft under these leaves the rustic Dryad *> nestled hid. And fragrant has the dwelling been when Lyaeus held revel, and more luxuriant grown the tree's shade from spilth of wine, and the blushing flower has been scattered down from last night's wreath, and none could claim his own roses. O thou dear to the gods ! O tree of mighty Caesar ! fear not the steel and sacrilegious fires. Thou mayst hope thy leafy honours shall endure for ever : it was not Pompey's hands'^ set thee there! * Julius Caesar. * Rustic deities, half goat, half in human shape. ' The Dryads were nymphs of the woods. ' But those of his conqueror. 119 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXII TiNCTis murice vestibus quod omni et nocte utitur et die Philaenis, non est ambitiosa nee superba : delectatur odore, non colore. LXIII Ad cenam invitant omnes te, Phoebe, cinaedi. mentula qiiem pascit, non, puto, purus homo est. LXIV Herculis in magni voltus descendere Caesar dignatus Latiae dat nova templa viae, qua Triviae nemorosa petit dum regna, viator octavum domina marmor ab urbe legit, ante colebatur votis et sanguine largo, maiorem Alciden nunc minor ipse colit. hunc magnas rogat alter opes, rogat alter honores ; illi securus vota minora tacit. LXV Alcide, Latio nunc agnoscende Tonanti, postquam pulchra dei Caesaris ora geris, si tibi tunc isti vultus habitusque fuissent, cesserunt manibus cum fera monstra tuis, ^ Sho wishes to drown her own peculiar odour. Tyrian- dyed gannents had a rank smell : cf. iv. iv. 6. ^ Domitian dedicated a temple to Hercules with a statue bearing the features of the emperor. I20 BOOK IX. Lxii-Lxv LXII Because Philaenis night and day wears garments dipped in every kind of purple, she is not ambitious or proud. She is pleased with the smell, not with the hue.^ LXIII All the dissolute rascals Invite you to dinner, Phoebus. He whom impurity feeds is not, I opine, a spotless person. LXIV Caesar, deigning to descend to the features of great Hercules,^ gives a new temple to the Latin Way, where the traveller, on his journey to Trivia's woody realm,^ reads the eighth milestone from the Queen City. Aforetime was Alcides worshipped with prayer and full blood of victims ; now he, the lesser, himself worships a greater* Alcides. Of him, the greater, one man begs large wealth, another begs honours; to him, the lesser, carelessly he makes his more trifling prayers. LXV Alcides, worthy now to be owned by the Latin Thunderer,^ after that thou wearest the features fair of Caesar our god, if thine had been then that face and guise when savage monsters yielded to thy arms, the nations had not seen thee the serf of the ' To the temple and grove of Diana of the Crossways {2'rivia) at Alicia. * The emperor. * Jupiter of the Capitol. vou II. E ^^^ THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Argolico famulum non te servire tyranno vidissent gentcs saevaque regna pati ; sed tu iussisses Eurysthea : nee tibi fallax portasset Nessi p'erfida dona Liehas ; Oetaei sine lege rogi securus adisses astra patris summi, quae tibi poena dedit ; Lydia nee doniinae traxisses pensa suj)erbae nee Styga vidisses Tartareumque oanem. nunc tibi luno favet, nune te tua diligit Hebe ; nunc te si videat Nympha, reniittet Hylan. LXVI Uxor cum tibi sit formosa, pudica, pue]la, quo tibi natorum iura, Fabulle, trium ? quod petis a nostro supplex dominoque deoque, tu dabis ipse tibi, si potes arrigere. LXVII Lascivam tota possedi nocte puellani, cuius nequitias vincere nulla potest. fessus mille modis illud puerile poposci : ante preces totas primaque verba dedit. ^ Hercules was the serf of Eurystheus until he had ac- complished his twelve labours. 2 Liehas, the servant of Hercules, at the bidding of Deianeira, his wife, gave him the shirt of Nessus steeped in the poison of the hydra slain by H. It clung to him, and he burnt himself on a pyre on Mt. Oeta. 122 BOOK IX. Lxv-Lxvii despot of Argos,^ and enduring a cruel thrall, but thou wouldst have commanded Eurystheus ; nor would false Lichas ^ have brought to thee the guile- ful gift of Nessus ; without the ordeal of Oeta's pyre wouldst thou unvexed have won that heaven of thy Sire supreme which thy penance gave thee ; nor wouldst thou have drawn out the wool of a haughty mistress,' nor have viewed Styx and the Tartarean hound.* Now to thee is Juno kind, now thy Hebe loves thee ; now, should she see thee, the nymph will send Hylas ^ back. LXVI When you have a wife beautiful, modest, young, what is the use to you, Fabullus, of the rights '^ three sons bestow ? What you suppliantly ask of our Lord and God you will yourself supply — if you can play the man. LXVII PossEDEi per tutta la notte una lasciva ragazza, le di cui malizie nessuna pub sorpassare. Sazio in mille maniere, dimandai quel non so che alia fanciullesca : me lo accord6 avanti d'esserne pregata,ed alle prime ' Omphale, queen of Lydia, who wore H.'s lion-skin while he spun her wool. * It was one of the labours of Hercules to fetch Cerberus from the shades. * A beautilul youth, the attendant of Hercules, carried off by the enamouied Nymphs : cf. v. xlviii. 5. * Often given, as a complimeut, even to childless persons: r/. II. xci. G. 123 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL inprobius quiddam ridensque rubensque rogavi : pollicitast nulla luxuriosa mora, sed mihi pura fuit ; tibi non erit, Aeschyle, si vis accipere hoc munus condicione mala. LXVIII Quid tibi nobiscum est, ludi scelerate magister, invisum pueris virginibusque caput? nondum cristati rupere silentia galli : murraure iam saevo verberibusque tonas. tarn grave percussis incudibus aera resultant, 5 causidicum medio cum faber aptat equo : mitior in magno clamor furit amphitheatre, vincenti parmae cum sua turba favet. vicini somnum non tota nocte rogamus : nam vigilare leve est, pervigilare grave est. 10 discipulos dimitte tuos. vis, garrule, quantum accipis ut clames, accipere ut taceas ? LXIX Cum futuis, Pol3'charme, soles in fine cacare. cum pedicaris, quid, Polycharme, facis? LXX DixERAT "O mores ! o temporal " Tullius olim, sacrilegum strueret cum Catilina neias, ^ Some disgraceful complaisance was required in return, which M. says he refused, but which Aesch3-iua would not. * Successful lawyers were in the habit of erecting eques- trian statues of themselves in their vestibules : cf. Juv. vii. 124. 124 BOOK IX. Lxvii-Lxx ricchieste. Fra '1 riso e la vergojjna dimandai qualche cosa d'assai nefando : me lo promise senza la me- noma interessata dilazione. Ma fu da me lasciata pura ; non lo sara da te, O Eschilo, se vuoi prendere questo dono ma a mala condizione.^ LXVIII What have you to do with us, accursed pedagogue, a fellow odious to boys and girls ? Not yet have crested cocks broken the hush of night, already with menacing voice and with thwacks you raise an up- roar. So heavily re-echoes brass on smitten anvils when a smith is fitting a pleader's statue astride a steed ; ^ milder in the huge amphitheatre riots the shout when its own faction acclaims the small shield.^ We neighbours don't ask for sleep all the night ; * for some wakefulness is a trifle, to wake all night is no joke. Dismiss your pupils. Are you willing, you blatant fellow, to accept for holding your tongue as much as you accept for bawling .'' LXIX QuANDO immembri, O Policarmo, suoli dope sgra- varti. Quando sei sodomizato, che fai, O Policarmo .'' LXX " O MANNERS ! O times ! " cried Tully once when Catiline was planning his sacrilegious crime,^ when ^ Parma, carried by gladiators called Thracians. Uonii- tian favoured tlie scutarii, the carriers of the large shield. Hence a victory of the parmularins would be more unex- pected. * As to the noises of Rome, cf. xii. Ivii. * Cic. Cat. I. i. 2.- THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL cum gener atque socer diris concurreret armis maestaque civili caede maderet humus, cur nunc "O mores!" cur nunc "O temporal" dicis i quod tibi non placeat, Caeciliane, quid est? C nulla ducum feritas, nulla est insania ferri ; pace frui carta laetitiaque licet, non nostri faciunt tibi quod tua tempera sordentj sad faciunt mores, Caeciliane, tui. 1( LXXI Massyli leo fama iugi pecorisque maritiis lanigeri mirum qua coiere fide, ipse licet videas, cavea stabulantur in una et pariter socias carpit uterque dapas : nac fetu nemorum gaudent nee mitihus herbis, I concordem satiat sed rudis agna famem. quid meruit terror Nemees, quid portitor Helles, ut niteant celsi lucida signa poll.'' sidara si possent pecudesque faraaque merari, hie aries astris, hie leo dignus erat. 1( LXXII Liber, Amyclaea frontem vittate corona, qui quatis Ausonia verbera Graia manu, clusa mihi texto cum prandia vimine mittas, cur comitata dapes nulla lagona venit.'' atqui digna tuo si nomine munera ferres, { scis, puto, debuerint quae mihi dona dari. * Pompey married Caesar's daughter Julia. ^ The lion slain by Hercules and the ram that carriec Helle cfispectively, afterwards two of the aii^iis of the Zodiac 126 BOOK IX. Lxx-Lxxii son-in-law and father-in-law^ were clashing in dread- ful war, and the weeping earth was drenched with civil carnage. Why do you now cry " O manners ! " why now "O times I " What is it displeases you, Caecilianus ? No savagery of captains is here, no frenzy of the sword : we may enjoy unbroken peace and pleasure. 'Tis not our "manners" that make your " times " despicable to you, but your own manners, Caecilianus, make them so. LXXI A LION, the renown of Massylian hills, and the husband of the fleecy flock, have allied themselves in wondrous confidence. You may yourself see them : they are stalled in one pen, and each with the other takes his social meal ; they relish not the breed of the woods, nor harmless herbs, but a young lamb sates their friendly hunger. What was the merit of the terror of Nemea, what of the carrier of Helle,^ that they should glow, the tall sky's lustrous signs ? If both sheep and wild beasts could win by merit to heaven, this ram, this lion were worthy to become stars. LXXII LiBER,^ whose brow is wreathed with an Amy- claean* crown, who level with an Italian arm the Grecian boxer's blows, as you are sending me a lunch shut in a wicker basket, why does no flagon come attendant on the feast? And yet, if you were to produce a gift to match your name,^ you know, I think, what present should have been given me ! ^ To whom also viii. Ixxvii. is addressed. '' i.e. Spartan. Pollux, the son ot Spartan Leda, invented boxing. * Liber was also a sjnouym of Bacchus. 127 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXIII Dentibus antiquas solitus producere pelles et mordere luto putre vetusque solum, Praenestina tenes defuncti rura ^ patroni, in quibus indignor si tibi cella fuit ; rumpis et ardenti madidus crystalla Falerno 5 et pruris domini cum Ganymede tui. at me litterulas stulti docuere parentes : quid cum grammaticis rhetoribusque mihi ? frange leves calamos et scinde, Thalia, libellos, si dare sutori calceus ista potest. 10 LXXIV Effigiem tantum pueri pictura Camoni servat, et infantis parva figura manet. florentes nulla signavit imagine voltus, dum timet ora })ius muta videre pater. LXXV NoN silice duro structilive caemento nee latere cocto, quo Samiramis longam Babylona einxit, Tucca balneum fecit, sed strage nemorum pineaque conpage, ut navigare Tucca balneo possit. 5 idem beatas lautus extruit thermas de marmore omni, quod Carystos invenit, quod Phrygia Synnas, Afra quod Nomas misit et quod virenti fonte lavit Eurotas. sed liffna desunt : subice balneum thermis. 10 * decepti regna fi. 128 BOOK IX. Lxxiii-Lxxv LXXIII Wont with your teeth to stretch out ancient hides, and to gnaw a shoe-sole rotten with mud and worn out, you possess the Praenestan fields of your dead patron, in which I think it shame if you ever had a garret ; and drunk, you fill to bursting your crystal with hot Falernian, and lewdly trifle with the cup- bearer of your master. But me foolish parents taught paltry letters: what is the use of teachers of granmiar and rhetoric to me? Break your worthless pens, Thalia, and tear up your books, if a shoe can give a cobbler a gift like that, LXXIV Camonius' picture preserves but the image of a child, and only an infant's tiny form survives. On the face of manhood's bloom ^ a father stamped no semblance : his love feared to see the lips that spake no more. LXXV Not of hard flint or laid rubble, nor of burnt brick, wherewith Semiramis girt the long walls of Babylon, has Tucca made his bath ; but of the havoc of the woods and of balks of pine, so that Tucca may go to sea in his bath ! He also, luxurious man that he is ! builds costly warm baths of every kind of marble that Carystos discovers, that Phrygian Synnas, that African Numidia has sent him, and of that which Eurotas has washed green 2 vvitii his spring. But firewood is lacking. Put the bath under the warm bath ! 3 ^ cf. IX. Ixxvi. 3-5. "^ rf. VI. xlii. 11. Laconian marble was green. ' The wooden bath might have made a boat (1. 5), but is now to make a fire. 129 E2 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXVI Ha EC sunt ilia mei quae cernitis ora Camoni, haec pueri facies primaque forma fuit. creverat hie vultus bis denis fortior annis gaudebatque suas pingere barba genas, et libata semel summos modo purpura cultros 5 sparserat. invidit de tribus una soror et festinatis incidit stamina pensis, apsentemque patri rettulit urna rogum. sed ne sola tamen puerum pictura loquatur, haec erit in chartis maior imago meis. 10 LXXVII Quod optimum sit disputat convivium facunda Prisci pagina, et multa dulci, multa sublimi refert, sed cuncta docto pectore. quod optimum sit quaeritis convivium ? in quo choraules non erit. LXXVIII FuNERA post septem nupsit tibi Galla virorum, Picentine : sequi vult, puto, Galla viros. LXXIX Oderat ante ducum famulos turbamque priorem et Palatinum Roma supercilium : I The Fates. * C. died in Cappadocia : cf. vi. Ixxw. 3. 130 BOOK IX. Lxxvi-Lxxix LXXVI This face you see is that of my Camonius : this was his childish face and infant form. These features had grown manlier in twice ten years, and his beard gladly was tinging its native cheek, and darkening down, shaved but once, had newly besprent the scissors' tip. Jealous was one Sister of the Three,^ and she cut the thread from the wool too quickly spun, and an urn gave back to the sire the ashes from afar.2 Yet, that not alone be the picture that bespeaks a boy, in my lay shall this, a nobler likeness, be found. LXXVII Priscus' pages fluently discuss what is the best kind of entertainment, and he puts forward many views in a pleasant, many in a lofty style, and all with learning. Do you ask what is the best en- tertainment ? One where there will be no flute- player with his chorus.^ LXXVITI After burying seven husbands, Galla has married you, Picentinus ; Galla wants, I imagine, to follow her husbands.'' LXXIX Once Rome abhorred the henchmen and the old retinue of her chiefs, and the haughtiness of the » To drown conversation. The choraules accompanied a chorus, as distinguished from the auletes or the citharoedus, a single player on flute or harp : cf. v. Ivi. 8. * Both G. and P. were poisoiicrs : cf. viii. xliii. '3' THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL at nunc tantus amor cunctis, Auguste, tuorum est ut sit cuique suae cura secunda domus. tam placidae mentes, tanta est reverentia nostri, 5 tarn pacata quies, tantus in ore pudor. nemo suos (haec est aulae natura potentis) sed domini mores Caesarianus habet. LXXX DuxERAT esuriens locupletem pauper anumque : ujcorem pascit Gellius et futuit. LXXXI Lector et auditor nostros probat, Aule, libellos, sed quidam exactos esse poeta negat. non nimium euro : nam cenae fercula nostrae malim convivis quam placuisse cocis. LXXXII DixERAT astrologus periturum te cite, Munna, nee, puto, mentitus dixerat ille tibi. nam tu dum metuis ne quid post fata relinquas, hausisti patrias luxuriosus opes, bisque tuum deciens non toto tabuit anno, die mihi, non hoc est, Munna, perire cito ? LXXXIII Inter tanta tuae miracula, Caesar, harenae, quae vincit veterum munera clara ducum, multuni oculi sed plus aures debere fatentur se tibi, quod spectant qui recitare solent. 132 BOOK IX. Lxxix-Lxxxiii Palatine ; but now, Augustus, all men so love those that belong to you that to each his own household is but a second care. So gentle are their tempers, so great is their respect for us, so unruffled is their calm, such modesty is in their faces I No servant of Caesar — such is the mood of an imperial hall — displays his own manners, but those only of his master. LXXX Hungry, and a pauper, Gellius married a rich and old woman. He now feeds and tickles his wife. LXXXI Reader and hearer approve of my works, Aulus, but a certain poet says they are not polished. I don't care much, for I should prefer the courses of my dinner to please guests rather than cooks. LXXXII An astrologer said that you would quickly come to an end, Munna, and he did not lie, I think, when he said it to you. For you, in your fear of leaving anything after your death, have in extravagance ex- hausted your father's wealth, and your two millions have melted away in less than a year. Tell me, is not this, Munna, quickly coming to an end? LXXXIII Amid the mighty wonders ot your arena, Caesar, which surpasses the grand spectacles of former chiefs, there is much our eyes admit they owe you, but our ears still more, for the usual reciters are now spectators.! ^ And cannot bore U3 : cj. Juv. i. 7-14. 133 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXIV Cum tua sacrilefjjos contra, Norbane, furores staret pro domino Caesare sancta fides, haec ego Pieria ludebam tutus in umbra, ille tuae cultor notus amicitiae. me tibi Vindelicis Raetus narrabat in oris, nescia nee nostri nominis Arctos erat : 0 quotiens veterem non infitiatus amicum dixisti " Meus est iste poeta, meus ! " omne tibi nostrum quod bis trieteride iuncta ante dabat lector, nunc dabit auctor opus. LXXXV Languidior noster si quando est Paulus, Atili, non se, convivas abstinet ille suos. tu languore quidem subito fictoque laboras, sed mea porrexit sportula, Paule, pedes. LXXXVI Festinata sui gemeret quod fata Severi Silius, Ausonio non semel ore potens, cum grege Pierio maestus Phoeboque querebar. " Ipse meum flevi '' dixit Apollo " Linon " : respexitque suam quae stabat proxima fratri 5 Calliopen et ait "Tu quoque vulnus habes. ^ Appius Norbanus had been sent in A.D. 88 to crush the revolt of Saturninus againnt Domitian : cf. iv. xi. He was absent six years, and M.'s works would be Books IV. -VIII. ^ i.e. is lost to me. Por^igere pedes was said of a corpse when laid out with the feot pointing to the outer door : Pers. iii. 105; Horn. /; xix. 212. 134 BOOK IX. i.xxAfiv-Lxxxvi LXXXIV When your inviolate loyalty, Norbanus, in defence of your master Caesar was withstanding impious frenzy, I, secure in the Pierian shade, the wooer, as men know, of your friendship, threw off these books. Me the Rhaetian quoted to you on Vindelicia's shores, and the North was not unknowing of my name. Oh, how often, not denying your old friend, you exclaimed : " My own is that poet, my own ! " All work of mine, which during three years twice counted ^ your reader gave you before, its author will give you now. LXXXV If at any time, Atilius, our acquaintance Paulus is unwell, he practises abstinence, not on himself but , on his guests. You are suffering no doubt, Paulus, from a sudden — and fictitious — illness : all the same my dinner has turned up its toes.^ I LXXXVI Because Silius, the twofold master of the Latin tongue,^ was lamenting the early death of his Se- verus,* I complained sadly to the Pierian band and to Phoebus. " I, too," said Apollo, " wept for my Linus." And he looked back to Calliope his sister, who stood next her brother, and said : " You, too,* ' i.e. as orator and poet : r/. vii. Ixiii. * S.'s younger son, for whom M. solicited the consulsliip (viii. Ixvi.), which, however, he never attained: Plin. Ep. III. vii. 2. ' Calliope was the mother of Orpheus. So, too, Jupiter had lost Sarpedon, and Doniitian a son ; c/. iv. iii. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL aspice Tarpeium Palatinumque Tonantem : ausa nefas Lachesis laesit utrumque lovem. numina cum videas duris obnoxia fatis, invidia possis exonerare deos." 10 LXXXVII Septem post calices Opimiani denso cum iaceam triente blaesus, adfers nescio quas mihi tabellas et dicis " Modo liberum esse iussi Nastam (servolus est mihi paternus) : 5 signa." eras melius, Luperce, fiet : nunc signat meus anulus lagonam. LXXXVIII Cum me captares, mittebas munera nobis : postquam cepisti, das mihi, Rufe, nihil. ut captum teneas, capto quoque munera mitte, de cavea fugiat ne male pastus aper. LXXXIX Lege nimis dura convivam scribere versus cogis, Stella ? " Licet scribere nempe malos." XC Sic in gramine florido reclinis, qua gemmantibus hinc et inde rivis ^ i.e. as a witness. But M. hints that Lupercus wishes him to sign a document which he would not sign when sober. 136 BOOK IX. Lxxxvi-xc have your wound. Mark the Thunderer of the Tar- peian and him of the Palatine : Lachesis, daring a crime, has hurt either Jove. Forasmuch as you see that deities are subject to the indexible Fates, of jealousy you may acquit the gods." LXXXVII When, after seven cups of Opimian, I lie lisping amid my frequent potations, you bring me some document or other and say : " I have just bade Nasta to go free — he was my father's slave — put your seal." 1 Better to-morrow, Lupercus : just now my ring only seals up ^ flagons. LXXXVIII When you were trying to catch me you used to send me presents : alter you have caught me, you, Rufus, give me nothing. To hold your catch, send presents to him also when caught, that the boar, being badly fed, may not escape from its pen. LXXXIX Do you by too hard a regulation compel your guest to write verses, Stella .'' " Well, you are allowed to write bad ones." XC So, on flower-spangled sward reclining, where in the rimnels sparkling here and there the pebble is 2 To prevent theft: Plin. N.H. xxxiii. G; Juv. xiv. 132. 137 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL curva calculus excitatur unda, exclusis procul omnibus molestis, pertundas ^ njlacieni triente nigro, 5 frontein sutilibus ruber coronis ; sic uni tibi sit puer cinaedus et castissima pruriat puella : infamem nimio calore Cypron observes moneo precorque, Flacce, 10 messes area cum teret crepantis et fervens iuba saeviet leonis. at tu, diva Paplii, remitte, nostris inlaesum iuvenem reniitte votis, sic Martis tibi serviant Kalendae 15 et cum ture mero(]ue victimaque libetur tibi Candidas ad aras secta plurima quadra de placenta. XCI Ad cenam si me diversa vocaret in astra hinc invitator Caesaris, inde lovis, astra licet propius, Palatia longius essent, responsa ad superos haec referenda darem : " Quaerite qui malit fieri conviva Tonantis : 5 me meus in terris luppiter ecce tenet." XCII Quae mala sint domini, quae servi commoda, nescis, Condyle^ qui servum te gemis esse diu. * perfundas y. ^ Wine \ra,B strsiaed through ice or snow : c/. v. Ixiv. 2 ; XIV. cxvii. 138 BOOK IX. xc-xcn tumbled by the rippling wave, with all your frets banished afar, may you with measures of dark wine break through the ice^ while your brow blushes with rose-stitched chaplets ; so for you alone may a fair boy-slave and a mistress most pure be eager, if, as I warn and pray you, Flaccus, you beware of Cyprus of evil name in summer's height, when the threshing-floor shall bray the rustling harvests, and the Lion's mane ^ be hot with rage. But do thou, goddess of Paphos, send back to our prayers, send back the youth unscathed ; so may March's kalends 3 be in fealty to thee, and with incense, and new wine, and victim, there be offered to thee at thy fair altars many a quarter of parcelled cake. I XCI Were I invited to diverse heavens to feast, on this side by Caesar's summoner, on that by Jove's, though the stars were nearer, the Palace more far, this answer would I give to be returned to the High Gods: "Seek ye one who would choose to be the Thunderer's guest; me on earth, mark ye, my Jupiter detains !" XCII What are a master's ills, what a slave's bless- ings you do not know, Condylus, who groan that ' The constellation Leo. '' At the festival of the Matronalia men scut presents to their mistresses: cf. V. Ixxxiv. 11. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL dat tibi secures vilis tegeticula somnos, pervigil in pluma Gaius ecce iacet. Gaius a prima tremebundus luce salutat 5 tot dominos, at tu. Condyle, nee dominum. "Quod debes, Gai, redde " inquit Phoebus et illinc Cinnamus : hoc dicit, Condyle, nemo tibi. tortorem metuis ? podagra cheragraque secatur Gaius et mallet verbera mille pati. 10 quod nee mane vomis nee cunnum, Condyle, lingis, non mavis quam ter Gaius esse tuus ? XCIII Addere quid cessas, puer, inmortale Falernum ? quadrantem duplica de seniore cado. nunc mihi die, quis erit cui te, Calacisse, deorum sex iubeo cyathos fundere? "Caesar erit." sutilis aptetur deciens rosa erinibus, ut sit 5 qui posuit sacrae nobile gentis opus, nunc bis quina mihi da basia, fiat ut illud nomen ab Odrysio quod deus orbe tulit. XCIV Sardonica medicata dedit mihi pocula virga, OS hominis ! mulsum me rogat Hippocrates. * Domitian, who founded the temple of the Oens Flavia : cf. IX. i. 8 ; IX. iii. 12. * The six and the two tens represent respectively the names Caesar, Domitianua, and Germanicus. For this prac- tice, cf. I. Ixxi.; XI. xxxvi. 7. 140 BOOK IX. xcii-xciv you are so long a slave. Your common rush-mat affords you sleep untroubled ; wakeful all night on down, see, Gaius lies ! Gaius from early morn salutes trembling many masters ; but you, Condylus, not even your master. " VVhat you owe, Gaius, pay," says Phoebus, and after him Cinnamus : this no one, Condylus, says to you. Do you dread the torturer.'' ^ By gout in foot and hand Gaius is stabbed, and would choose instead to endure a thousand blows. You do not vomit in the morning, nor are you given to filthy vice, Condylus : do you not prefer this to being your Gaius three times over .'' XCIII Why linger, boy, to pour in the undying Falernian? Double three measures from the older jar. Now tell me who shall it be of the Gods to whom I bid thee, Calocissus, pour six measures .* " Caesar it shall be." Let the stitched rose be ten times fitted to our locks, that he be shown who laid the noble temple of his hallowed race.^ Now give me twice five kisses to shape the name he brought from the Thracian world.* XCIV Hippocrates^ gave me — such is his impudence! — a draught drugged with Sardinian root,^ and asks me * H. of Cos was the founder of medicine. The name is here put for a doctor. ' The herbs of Sardinia were bitter, and affected honey : Verg. Ed. vii. 41. Yet H. expects in return ordinary mulsum (wine and honey mixed). 141 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL tam stupidus numquam nee tu, puto, Glauce, fuisti, xd^Kea donanti ;(pvo-€a qui dederas. dulce aliquis munus pro munere poscit amaro ? 5 accipiatj sed si potat in elleboro. XCV Alphius ante fuit, coepit nunc Olphius esse, uxorem postquam duxit Athenagoras. XCVb • NoMEN Athenagorae quaeris, Callistrate, verum. si scio, dispeream, qui sit Athenagoras. sed puta me verum, Callistrate, dicere nonien : 5 non ego sed vester peccat Athenagoras. XCVI CuNicus Herodes trullam subduxerat aegro : deprensus dixit " Stulte, quid ergo bibis ? " XCVII RuMPiTUR invidia quidam, carissime luli, quod me Roma legit, rumpitur invidia. * The Trojan, who exchanged armour with Diomede the Greek, xp""*" x"^"'*"^*'! efardc.jSoi' (VPta$olmv : Horn. II. vi. 234. Homer remarks, KpoyiSrjs (pptyas i^f\fT» (deprived him of sense). 142 BOOK IX. xciv-xcvii for mead wine. So great a fool even you, Glaucus,' never were, I fancy, who gave gold to him who gave you bronze. Does any man ask a gift of sweets for a gift of bitters? He may have it, but only if he drinks it with hellebore.* . xcv Athenagoras was Alphius before, now he becomes Olphius after that he has married a wife.^ XCVb " Is the name ' Athenagoras ' a real one," you ask, Callistratus. May I be hanged if I know who Athenagoras is ! But imagine, Callistratus, I men- tioned a real name : not I, but your friend Athen- agoras is at fault.* XCVI Doctor Herodes had stolen a drinking-ladle from a sick patient. When detected he said ; " You fool, why then do you drink ? " ^ XCVII A CERTAIN fellow, dearest Julius, is bursting with envy ; because Rome reads me, he is bursting with * A supposed cure for madness : Hor. Sat. ii. iii. 82, 166. •* The point of this epigram is unknown. * I.e. that he has this name. * He profeasei oaie for his patient's health by removing the article. 143 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL rumpitur invidia quod turba semper in omni monstramur digito, rumpitur invidia, rumpitur invidia tribuit quod Caesar uterque 5 ius mihi natorum, rumpitur invidia. rumpitur invidia quod rus mihi dulce sub urbe est * parvaque in urbe domus, rumpitur invidia. rumj)itur invidia quod sum iucundus amicis, quod conviva frequens, rumpitur invidia. 10 rumpitur invidia quod amamur quodque probamur. rumpatur quisquis rumpitur invidia. XCVIII ViNDEMiARUM non ubiquc proventus cessavit, Ovidi ; pluvia profuit grandis. centum Coranus amphoras aquae fecit. XCIX Marcus amat nostras Antonius, Attice, Musas, charta salutatrix si modo vera refert, Marcus Palladiae non infitianda Tolosae gloria, quem ^ genuit Pacis alumna Quies. tu qui longa potes dispendia ferre viarum, 5 i, liber, absentis pignus amicitiae. vilis eras, fateor, si te nunc mitteret emptor : grande tui pretium muneris auctor erit. multum, crede mihi, refert a fonte bibatur quae fluit an pigro quae stupet unda lacu. 10 * quam (Friedliinder). ^ cf. 11. xcii. ; III. xcv. 6. 144 BOOK IX. xcvii-xcix envy. He is bursting with envy because in every tlirong I am always pointed out with the finger, he is bursting with envy. He is bursting with envy because each Caesar gave me the right of a father of three sons/ he is bursting with envy. He is bursting with envy because I have a suburban farm and a small house in town, he is bursting with envy. He is bursting with envy because I am delightful to my friends, because I am often a guest, he is bursting with envy. He is bursting with envy be- cause I am loved and my works are approved. Let anyone, whoever he is, who is bursting with envy, burst ! 2 XCVIII The crop of the vineyards has not everywhere failed, Ovidius : heavy rains have been profitable. Coranus has made a hundred jars — of water.^ XCIX Marcus Antonius loves my Muse, Atticus, if only his letter of greeting says true — Marcus, cultured Tolosa's indisputable glory, whom Quietude, the nursling of Peace, begot. Do you, who can put up with long journeys, go, my book, pledge of an absent friendship. A poor gift you would be, I own, if a purchaser were sending you now; the author's giving will lend you goodly value. Great is the difference, believe me, whether water is drunk from the fountain as it flows, or as it stagnates in a sluggish pool. ^ i.e. be d d. Rumpatur = Stappayelrj. The point of the epigram seems to lie in the two senses of rinilni. ^ i.e. to mix with his wine. Coranus is probably a fraudu- lent vintner : cf. i. Ivi. 145 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL C Denaris tribus invitas et mane toffatum observare iubes atria, Basse, tua, deinde haerere tuo lateri, praecedere sellam, ad viduas tecum plus minus ire decern, trita quidem nobis togula est vilisque vetusque denaris tamen banc non emo, Basse, tribus. CI Appia, quam simili venerandus in Hercule Caesar consecrat, Ausoniae maxima fama viae, si cupis Alcidae cognoscere facta prioris, disce : Libyn domuit, aurea poma tulit, peltatam Scytbico discinxit Aniazona nodo, 5 addidit Arcadio terga leonis apro, aeripedem silvis cervum, Stympbalidas astris abstubt, a Stygia cum cane venit aqua, fecundam vetuit reparari mortibus hydram, Hesperias Tusco lavit in amne boves. 10 haec minor Alcides : maior quae gesserit audi, sextus ab Albana quern colit arce lapis, adseruit possessa malis Palatia regnis, prima sue gessit pro love bella puer ; solus luleas cum iam retineret babenas, 15 . tradidit inque suo tertius orbe fuit ; • About two shillings, or double the usual dole {cf. iii. vii. 1) of centum quadrantes. Large doles were sometimes given : cf. iv. xxvi. 3 ; x. xxvii. 3. 146 BOOK IX. c-ci For three denarii * you invite me, and bid me don my toga in the morning and wait in your hall, Bassus ; then closely to attend you, to walk before your chair, with you to call upon ten widows more or less. Worn indeed is my poor toga, and cheap and old — yet for three denarii I cannot buy it, Bassus. CI Thou Appian Way, which revered Caesar in the guise of Hercules" hallows, chiefest glory of Auso- nian ways, if thou desirest to know the deeds of the ancient Alcides, learn them. The Libyan he subdued, the golden apples he won ; he ungirt the Amazonian targeteer of her Scythian girdle ; he crowned the spoil of the lion's skin with Arcadia's boar ; he freed the woods from the brazen-hoofed hind, the sky from the Stymphalian birds ; from the Stygian flood he returned with its hound ; the teeming hydra he let no more grow stronger by death ; he laved in the Tuscan stream Hesperian oxen. These things wrought the lesser Alcides ; hear what that greater ^ did, whom men worship at the sixth stone from Alba's height. He redeemed the Palatine held by an evil power;* his first wars he waged, a boy, for his own Jove ; ^ albeit alone he ah'eady held the reins of Julian power, he gave them up, and in a world that had been his own ' cf. IX. Ixiv. * Domitian. * By the party of Vitellius after the death of that emperor. " He was besieged in the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinua by tlie Vitellians. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL cornua Sarmatici ter perfida contudit Histri, sudantem Getica ter nive lavit equum ; saepe recusatos parcus duxisse triumphos victor Hyperboreo nomen ab orbe tulit ; 20 templa deis, mores populis dedit, otia ferro, astra suis, caelo sidera, serta lovi. Herculeum tantis numen non sufficit actis : Tarpeio deus hie commodet ora patri. CII QuADRiNGENTORUM reddis mihi, Phoebe, tabellas : centum da potius mutua, Phoebe, mihi. quaere alium cui te tam vano munere iactes : quod tibi non possum solvere, Phoebe, meum est. cm Quae nova tam similis genuit tibi Leda ministros } quae capta est alio nuda Lacaena cycno ? dat faciem Pollux Hiero, dat Castor Asylo, atque in utroque nitet Tyndaris ore soror. ista Therapnaeis si forma fuisset Amyclis, 5 cum vicere duas dona minora deas, mansisses, Helene, Phrygianique redisset in Iden Dardanius gemino cum Ganymede Paris. ^ Though he had been proclaimed Caesar, and was in possession of Rome, he resigned the empire to his father Vespasian and his brother Titus in precedence to himself, boasting, Iiowever, patri xe el fratri imperium dedisse, illoi sihi reddidisse : Suet. Dom. xiii. * In his three campaigns against the tribes on the Danube As to the shattering of the horn, cf. x. vii. 6. 148 \ BOOK IX. ci-ciu remained but the third ;^ thrice he shattered the treacherous horns of Sarmatian Hister;^ his sweat- ing steed thrice he bathed in Getic snow ; loth to lead on triumphs oft resigned,^ he won a victor's name from the Hyperborean world ; temples he gave the Gods, morals to the people, rest to the sword, immortality to his own kin, to heaven stars, wreaths to Jove. The Deity of Hercules sufficed not for deeds so great : let him, our God, lend his features to the Tarpeian ^ Sire ! CII You return me, Phoebus, my bond for four hun- dred thousand sesterces ; rather give me on loan, Phoebus, a hundred thousand. Look out for some one else to whom you may boast of so empty a gift ; what 1 can't pay you, Phoebus, is my own.^ cm What new Leda^ bore you attendants so like? What nude Spartan maid was ravished by another swan ? Pollux gives his features to Hierus, Castor gives his to Asylus, and in either face their sister Tyndaris shines clear. Had such beauty existed at Spartan Amyclae ' when a lesser gift o'erweighed the goddesses twain, ^ thou, Helen, wouldst have stayed at home, and Dardan Paris have returned to Phrygian Ida with twin Ganymedes ! ^ cf. VIII. XV. 5. ■* Jup. Capitolinus. * cf. for a similar idea viii. xxxvii. ' The mother of Castor and Pollux, and of Helen of Troy (Tyndaris). ■^ Both Therapnae and Amyclae were associated with Castor and I'oUux, but tlie use of Thtrapn'ie.is is hard to explain. * When Venus' promise to Paris of Helen overweighed the promises of Hera (Junoj and Pallas in the contest of beauty. M9 V k BOOK X LIBER DECIMUS j Si nimius videor seraque coronide longus 5 esse liber, legito pauca : libellus ero. terque quaterque mihi finitur carmine parvo pagina : fac tibi me quam cupis ipse brevem. II Festinata prior, decimi mihi cura libelli elapsum manibus nunc revocavit opus, nota leges quaedam sed lima rasa recenti ; pars nova maior erit : lector, utrique fave^ lector, opes nostrae : quem cum mihi Roma dedisset, " Nil tibi quod demus maius habemus" ait. 6 " pigra per hunc fugies ingratae flumina Lethes et meliore tui parte superstes eris. marmora Messallae findit caprificus et audax dimidios Crispi mulio ridet equos : 10 at chartis nee furta nocent et saecula prosunt, solaque non norunt liaec monumenta mori." * i.e. by reading only the short epigrams. 2 This book is not the first edition, wliich may have been published in 95, but an enlarged edition published in 98 after Book XI. M. afterwards issued a selection from Books X. and XI.: cf. xii. v. 1-2. BOOK X If I seem too big a book and long, with my colo- phon delayed, read a few epigrams : I shall be a little book. Often a page of mine ends with a small poem : make me as short for yourself as you like.^ II Too hurried before, the composition of my tenth book has made me now recall the work that had slipt from my hands. ^ You will read some things you know, but polished lately by the file; the greater part will be new ; reader, be kind to both, reader, who are my wealth ; for when Rome had given you to me, she said: "We have nothing greater to give you. By him will you escape unthankful Lethe's sluggish stream, and will in your better part survive. Messalla's marble the wild-fig sunders, and boldly the mule-driver laughs at Crispus' steeds broken m two.3 But writings thefts do not injure, and time befriends them, and alone these monuments know not death." ' M. is M. Val. Messalla Corvinus, the patron of tlie poet Tibullus : c/. VIII. iii. 6. The Crispus is probably C. Pas- sienus Crispus of the time of Claudius, and stepfather of Nero. VOL. 11. F '53 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL III Veunaculorum dicta, sordidum dentem, et foeda linguae probra circulatricis, quae sulpurato nolit empta ramento Vatiniorum proxeneta fractorurn, poeta quidam clancularius spargit 5 et volt videri nostra, credis hoc, Prisce ? voce ut loquatur psittacus coturnicis et concupiscat esse Canus ascaules ? procul a libellis nigra sit nieis fama, quos rumor alba gemmeus vehit pinna : 10 cur ego laborem notus esse tam prave, constare gratis cum silentium possit ? IV Qui legis Oedipoden caligantemque Thyesten, Colchidas et Scyllas, quid nisi monstra legis ? *"• quid tibi raptus Hylas, quid Parthenopaeus et Attis, quid tibi dormitor proderit Endymion ? exutusve puer pinnis labentibus ? aut qui 5 odit amatrices Hermaj)hroditus aquas? quid te vana iuvant miserae ludibria chartae? r 5 hoc lege, quod possit dicere vita "Meum est." non hie Centauros, non Gorgonas Harpyiasque invenies : hominem pagina nostra saj)it. 10 sed non vis, Mamurra, tuos cognoscere riiores /^ nee te scire : legas Aetia Callimachi. 1 Beakers with four nozzles, said to be in imitation of the nose of Vatinius, a Beneventan cobbler in Nero's time : cf. XIV. xcvi. ; Juv. v. 46. As to the sale of broken glass, cf. 1. xli. 3-5. 154 BOOK X. iii-jv III The scurrilities of home-born slaves, low railinff, and the foul insults of a hawker's tongue, which the broker of shattered Vatinian glasses ^ would reject as the price of a sulphur match, a certain skulking poet scatters abroad, and would have them appear as mine. Do you believe this, 'Priscus ? that a parrot speaks with the voice of a quail, and Canus ^ longs to be a bagpipe-player ? Far from poems of mine be black repute, poems which lustrous fame uplifts on pinions white. Why should I toil to be known so evilly when stillness can cost me nothing ? IV You, who read of Oedipus and Thyestes neath a darkened sun, of Colchian witches and Scyllas — of what do you read but monsters ? What will the rape of Hylas avail you, what Parthenopaeus and Attis, what the sleeper Endymion .'' or the boy stript of his gliding wings .'' or Hermaphroditus who hates the amorous waters .'' Why does the vain twaddle of a wretched sheet attract you .'' Read this of which Life can say : " 'Tis my own." Not here will you find Centaurs, not Gorgons and Harpies : 'tis of man my page smacks. But you do not wish, Mamurra, to recognize your own manners, or to know yourself. Read the Origi7is of Callimachus.^ ' A famous flute-player : cf. iv. v. 8. ' An Alexaiulrine grammariati and poet of the third cen- tury B.C. who wrote an epic on the origins (Afna) of mytho- logical stories 155 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL QmsQUis stolaeve purpuraeve contemptor quos colere debet laesit impio versu, erret per urbem pDntis exul et clivi, interque raucos ultimus rogatores oret caninas panis inprobi buccas. 5 illi December longus et madens briima clususque fornix triste frigus extendat : vocet beatos clamitetque felices Oi'ciniana qui feruntur in sponda. at cum supremae fila venerint horae 10 diesque tardus, sentiat canum litem abigatque moto noxias aves panno. nee finiantur morte supplicis poenae, sed modo severi sectus Aeaci loris, nunc inquieti monte Sisyphi pressus, 15 nunc inter undas garruli senis siccus delasset omnis fabulas poetarum ; et cum fateri Furia iusserit verum, prodente clamet conscientia " Scripsi." VI Felices, quibus urna dedit spectare coruscum solibus Arctois sideribusque ducem. quando erit ille dies quo campus et arbor et omnis lucebit Latia culta fenestra nuru ? ^ i.e. of noble ladies, or of magistrates and senators. * Resorts of beggars : cf. il. xix. 3 ; xii. xxxii. 10, 25. 3 Where he took refuge. * i.e. the pauper's bier [sandapila) : cf. ll. Ixxxi.; vill. Ixxv. ' Ready to eat him. 156 BOOK X. v-vi Whoe'er he be wlio, scorner of either stole or purple/ has wounded with his wicked verse those he should respect, let him wander through the city, exile from bridge and hill,'^ and, last amid the hoarse- throated beggars, pray for dogs' morsels of vile bread. To him may December be long and winter wet, and the shutting of the archway ^ prolong his miserable chill ; let him call those blest, and acclaim those for- tunate, who are carried on the litter of Orcus.* But when the threads of his last hour have been spun, and his lingering day has come, let him feel the wrangling of dogs,^ and Hap away noxious birds with waving rags. Nor let his punishment, despite his prayers, be closed by death ; but now scored by the scourge of stern Aeacus,*^ now o'erwhelmed by the momi- tainous stone of restless Sisyphus, now parching amid the waters of the blabbing old man,^ may he weary out all the fabled torments of the poets ; and when the Fury shall bid him confess the truth, may he shriek, his conscience betraying him : " I wrote it." ^ VI Happy are they to whom Fortune's urn has given to see our Captain ablaze with northern suns and stars ! ^ When shall that day be whereon plain and tree shall be radiant, and every casement dight with * One of the three Judges of the Shades. ' Tantalus, who was doomed to thirst in Tartarus foi revealing the secrets of the gods. * M. follows in this ep., often closely, the Ibis of Ovid. * This ep. was written when the new emperor, Trajan, was expected from the Rhine in a.d. 98. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quando morae dulces longusque a Caesare pulvis totaque Flaminia Roma videnda via ? quando eques et picti tunica Nilotide Mauri ibitis et populi vox erit una " Venit ? " ? VII Nympharum pater amniumque, Rhene, quicumque Odrysias bibunt pruinas, sic semper liquidis fruaris undis nee le barbara contumeliosi calcatum rota conterat bubulci ; sic et cornibus aureis receptis et Romanus eas utraque ripa : Traianum populis suis et urbi, Thybris te dominus rogat, remittas. VIII NuBEiiE Paula cupit nobis, ego ducere Paulam nolo : anus est. vellem, si magis esset anus. IX Undenis pedibusque syllabisque et multo sale nee tamen protervo notus gentibus ille Martialis et notus populis (quid invidetis ?) non sum Andraemone notior caballo. Cum tu, laurigeris annum qui fascibus intras, mane salutator limina mille teras, 1 Previously shattered by defeat : c/. vil. vii. 3 ; IX. ci. 17. ^ Elegiacs and hendecasyllabiea. 5S BOOK X. vi-x Latin dames? When shall be hope's sweet delays^ and the long trail of dust behind Caesar, and all Rome visible on the Flaminian Way ? When will ye come, ye knights, and ye painted Moors in your tunics of Nile, and one voice of the people go up, " Does he come ? " ? VII Father, O Rhine, of Nymphs and of all rivers that drink the Thracian frosts, so mayst thou alway joy in limpid waters, and no insolent ox-driver's bar- barous wain trample roughly on thy head ; so mayst thou, with thy golden horns regained,^ and a Roman stream on either bank, flow on — send Trajan back to his peoples and to his city : so doth thy Lord Tiber entreat thee. VIII Paula wishes to marry me : I decline to take Paula to wife ; she is an old woman. I might be willing if she were older. IX With my eleven-footed and eleven-syllabled verse,^ and flowing, yet not froward wit, I, that Martial, who am known to the nations and to Rome's peoples (why do you envy me ?) am not known better than the horse Andraemoiib When you, who usher in the year with laurelled axes,3 tread a thousand thresholds at morning levees, 3 As consul, and the first of the year. Men of position often did not scruple to add to their income by taking the sportula: cf. Juv. i. 99. Juv. (i. 117) also alludes to the grievances in consequence of poor clients. ^59 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL hie ego quid faciam ? quid nobis, Paule, relinquis, qui de plebe Numae densaque turba sumus ? qui me respieiet dominum regemque vocabo ? 5 hoc tu (sed quanto blandius !) ipse facis. lecticam sellamve sequar? nee ferre recusas, per medium pugnas et prior isse lutum. saepius adsurgam recitanti carmina ? tu stas et pariter geminas tendis in ora manus. 10 quid faciet pauper cui non lieet esse elienti ? dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas. XI Nil aliud loqueris quam Thesea Pirithoumque teque putas Pyladi, Calliodore, parem. dispeream, si tu Pyladi praestare matellam dignus es aut porcos pascere Pirithoi. " Donavi tamen " inquis "amico milia quinque 5 et lotam, ut multum, terve quaterve ^ togam." quid quod nil umquam Pyladi donavit Orestes ? qui donat quam vis plurima, plura negat. XII Aemiliae gentes et Apollineas Vercellas et Pliaethontei qui petis arva Padi, ne vivam, nisi te, Domiti, dimitto libenter, grata licet sine te sit mihi nulla dies : sed desiderium tanti est ut messe vel una 5 urbano releves colla perusta iugo. ^ terve quaterve Haiipt, terque quaterque codd. ' A method of applauding : cf. Juv. iii. 106. Or perhaps the allusion is to throwing kisses : cf. i, iii. 7. i6o BOOK X. x-xii what can I do here? What do you leave to us, Paulus, us who are of the herd of Numa and a teeming crowd? Shall I greet as Lord and King him who but gives me a glance ? This, and how much more blandly ! you also do. Shall I follow a litter or chair ? You don't refuse even to shoulder one, and to struggle to pass first through the middle of the mud. Shall I repeatedly rise when a man recites poems ? You are already standing, and put to your lips both hands at once.^ What shall a poor man do, debarred from being a client? Your purple has ousted our togas. XI You talk of nothing but Theseus and Pirithous, and think yourself, Calliodorus, the peer of Pylades. May I be hanged if you are fit to hand Pylades a chamber-pot, or to feed Pirithous' swine. " Yet," you say, " I gave a friend five thousand, and a toga only three or four times washed,^ a considerable gift." And what if Pylades never gave anything to Orestes ? ^ He who gives — however many gifts he makes — denies more. XII You are going to the peoples on the Aemilian Way, and to Apollo's Vercellae, and the fields by the Po where Phaethon died. May I perish, but I let you go willingly, Domitius, although without you no day is pleasant to me ; but I can pay the price of regret that, even for a single summer, you may ease your neck galled by the city's yoke. Go, I pray, and * i.e. nearly new. The phrase was apparently common : Petr. 30. * P. and 0. already shared in common. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL i precor et totos avida cute conbibe soles : o quam formosus, dum peregrinus eris ! et venies albis non adgnoscendus amicis livebitque tuis pallida turba genis. 10 sed via quern dederit rapiet cito Roma colorem, Niliaco redeas tu licet ore niger. XIII Cum cathedralicios portet tibi raeda ministros et Libys in longo pulvere sudet eques, strataque non unas cingant triclinia Baias et Thetis unguento palleat uncta tuo, Candida Setini rumpant crystalla trientes, 5 dormiat in pluma nee meliore Venus : ad nocturna iaces fastosae limina moechae et madet heu ! lacrimis ianua surda tuis, urere nee miserum cessant suspiria pectus. vis dicam male sit cur tibi, Cotta ? bene est. 10 XIV Cedere de nostris nulli te dicis amicis. sed, sit ut hoc verum, quid, rogo, Crispe, facis .'' mutua cum peterem sestertia quinque, negasti, non caperet nummos cum gravis area tuos. quando fabae modium nobis farrisve dedisti, 5 cum tua Niliacus rura colonus aret ? 163 BOOK X. xii-xiv drink into your greedy pores the fullness of the sun- shine— oh, how comely you will be while you are abroad ! And you will return not to be recognized by your white- faced friends, and a pallid crowd will envy your cheeks. But Rome will quickly efface the tan your tour will have given you, though you came home swarthy with an Egyptian's face. XIII Although a travelling-coach carries your lolling minions, and a Libyan outrider sweats in a long trail of dust, and your cushioned couches surround more than one warm bath, and your sea-bath is pale with the tinge of your perfumes ; although draughts of Setine fill to bursting your transparent crystal, and in fairer down Venus herself does not repose ; by night you lie on the threshold of a capricious mistress, and her deaf door is wet, alas ! with your tears, and sighs do not cease to scorch your unhappy breast. Do you wish me to say why it is ill with you, Cotta? Because it is well.^ XIV You say that you yield to none of my friends in love. Yet to make this true, what, I ask, Crispus, do you do .'' When I was asking you for a loan of five thousand sesterces you refused it, although your heavy coffer could not hold your moneys. When did you give me a peck of beans, or of spelt, al- though a tenant by the Nile tills fields of yours .-^ * C. is so well off he has to invent miseries. 163 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quando brevis gelidae missa est toga tempore brumae ? argenti venit quando selibra mihi ? nil aliud video quo te credamus amicum quam quod me coram pedere, Crispe, soles. 10 XV DoTATAE uxori cor harundine fixit acuta, sed dum ludit, Aper. ludere novit Aper. XVI Si donare vocas promittere nee dare, Gai, vincam te donis muneribusque meis. accipe Callaicis quidquid fodit Astur in arvis, aurea quidquid habet divitis unda Tagi, quidquid Erythraea niger invenit Indus in alga, 5 quidquid et in nidis unica servat avis, quidquid Agenoreo Tyros inproba cogit aheno : quidquid habent omnes, accipe, quomodo das. XVII Saturnalicio Macrum fraudare tribute frustra, Musa, cupis : non licet : ipse petit ; sollemnesque iocos nee tristia carmina poscit et queritur nugas obticuisse meas. mensorum longis sed nunc vacat ille libellis, 5 Appia, quid facies, si legit ista Macer ? ^ Pearls : cf. V. xxxvii. 4. "^ The phoenix : cf. VI. Iv. 2. ' The purple of Tyre. 164 BOOK X. xiv-xvii When was a short toga sent me in chill winter's season ? When did a half-pound of silver plate come to me ? I see no other reason why I should believe you friend, than that you are wont, Crispus, to break wind in my presence. XV His well-dowered wife's heart Aper transfixed with a sharp arrow, but it was in sport. Ajjer is a clever sportsman. XVI If you call it bounty to promise and not to give, Gaius, I will surpass you by my bounties and offer- ings. Receive all wealth the Asturian mines in Gallician fields, all wealth rich Tagus' golden wave possesses, all the swarthy Indian discovers in Eastern seaweed,^ and all the solitary bird 2 treasures in its nest, all Agenor's city, cheating Tyre, stores in her caldron.2 All wealth of all men receive — in your fashion of giving ! XVII You wish in vain. Muse, to defraud Macer of his Saturnalian tribute : it can't be ; he himself asks for it, and he claims the customary jokes and no melancholy poems, and complains that my flippancies have become dumb. But at present he has time to look at the long reports of his surveyors. Appian Way,* what will you do if Macer reads these poems .'' ^ * Of which Macer was curator. * i.e. you will be neglected if M. devotes his leisure, not to reports, but to poetry. 165 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XVIII Nec vocat ad cenam Marius, nee munera ruittit, nee spondet, nec volt eredere, sed nec habet. turba tamen non dest sterilem quae euret amicum. eheu ! quam fatuae sunt tibi, Roma, togae ! XIX Nec doetum satis et parum severum, sed non rusticiilum tamen libellum facundo mea Plinio Thalia i perfer : brevis est labor peractae altum vincere tramitem Suburae. 5 illic Orphea protinus videbis udi vertice lubricum theatri miraiitisqiie feras avemque regis, raptum quae Phryga pertulit Tonanti ; illic parva tui domus Pedonis 10 caelata est aquilae minore pinna. sed ne tempore non tuo disertara pulses ebria ianuam videto : totos dat tetricae dies Minervae, dum centum studet auribus virorum 15 hoc quod saecula posterique possint Arpinis quoque conparare chartis. seras tutior ibis ad lucernas : haec hora est tua, cum furit I.yaeus, cum regnat rosa, cum madent capilli : " 20 tunc me vel rigidi legant Catones. ^ Pliny the j^ounger, advocate and letter-writer. M. mentions him also in V Ixxx. 13, and vii. Ixxxiv. 1. * i.e. the ascent up the Ksquiline from the Subura. Somewhere on this path was the Lacus Orphei, one of the reservoirs of Rome, where was a statue of Orpheus sur- rounded by beasts listening to his song. 1 66 BOOK X. xviii-xix XVIII Marius invites no one to dinner, and sends no presents, and is surety for no one, and is unwilling to lend — in fact he has nothing. Yet a crowd is at hand to court so unprofitable a friend. Alas ! what dolts, O Rome, your clients are ! XIX This little book, not learned enough, nor very strict in tone, yet not all unrefined, go, my Thalia, and carry to eloquent Pliny : ^ short is your labour, when you have crossed the Subura, in breasting the steep path. 2 There you will at once notice Orpheus, spray- sprinkled, crowning his drenched audience,^ and the wild beasts marvelling at his song, and the Monarch's bird^ that bore to the Thunderer the ravished Phry- gian ; there stands the modest dwelling of your own Pedo,^ its frieze graven with eagle of lesser wing. But take heed you give no drunken knock on Elo- quence's door at a time that is not yours; all the day he devotes to serious study, while he prepares for the ears of the Hundred Court ^ that which time and posterity may compare even with Arpinum's pages.^ Safer will you go at the time of the late- kindled lamps ; that hour is yours when Lyaeus is in revel, when the rose is queen, when locks are drenched. Then let even unbendinj; Catos read me. '& ^ Friedliinder, however, explains thratrum "semicircular pool with steps." For <Aea<r«m = audience, cf (as Housman does^ Ov. Met. xi. 25. ^ Jupiter's eagle tliat carried off Ganymede : cf. i. vi. ' P. Albinovanus, an epic poet and epigrammatist of the Augustan age. ^ cf. VI, xxxviii. 5. ' Cicero's. 167 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XX DuciT ad auriferas quod me Salo Celtiber oras, pendula quod patriae visere tecta libet, tu mihi simplicibus, Mani, dilectus ab annis et praetextata cultus amicitia, tu facis ; in terris quo non est alter Hiberis 5 dulcior et vero dignus amore magis. tecum ego vel sicci Gaetula mapalia Poeni et poteram Scythicas hospes amare casas. si tibi mens eadem, si nostri mutua cura est, in quocumque loco Roma duobus erit. 10 XXI ScRiBERE te quae vix intellegat ipse Modestus et vix Claranus quid rogo, Sexte, iuvat ? non lectoi'e tuis opus est sed Apolline libris : iudice te maior Cinna Marone fuit. sic tua laudentur sane : mea carmina, Sexte, 5 grammaticis placeant, ut sine grammaticis. XXII Cur spleniato saepe prodeam mento albave pictus sana labra cerussa, Philaeni, quaeris ? basiare te nolo. ' Learned commentatora. * i.e. an interpreter. i68 BOOK X. xx-xxii XX That Celtiberian Salo draws me to gold-bearins shores, that I fain would see on the hillside the roofs of my native land, you are the cause, Manius, dear to me from my ingenuous years, and wooed with boyhood's friendship ; than whom none else in Hi- beria's land is more sweet to me, and of genuine love more worthy. At your side could I have wel- comed the sun-parched Carthaginian's Gaetulian huts and the hospitality of Scythian steads. If your heart be as mine, if you have a mutual love for me, then, in whatever place, for us twain it will be Rome. XXI Why, I ask, do you, Sextus, like writing what hardly Modestus himself, and hardly Claranus,^ could understand ? Your books do not require a reader, but an Apollo; 2 in your judgment Cinna^ was greater than Maro. On these terms let your books be praised by all means; let my poems, Sextus, please commentators — so as to do without commentators. XXII "Why do I often go abroad with a plastered chin, and my healthy lips painted with white lead ? " Do you ask, Philaenis ? I don't want to kiss you. * A friend of Catullus, who wrote a long and obscure epic called Zmyrna: cf. Cat. xciv. He is probably "Cinna the poet " of Shak. Jul. Caes. ill. iii. 32. 169 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXIII Iam numerat placido felix Antonius aevo quindecies actas Primus Olympiadas praeteritosque dies et totos respicit annos nee metuit Lethes iam propioris aquas, nulla recordanti lux est ingrata gravisque ; 5 nulla fuit cuius non meminisse velit. ampliat aetatis spatium sibi vir bonus : hoc est vivere bis, vita posse priore frui. XXIV Natales mihi Martiae Kalendae, lux formosior omnibus Kalendis, qua mittunt mihi munus et pueliae, quinquagensima liba sej)timanjque vestris addimus banc focis acciram. 5 his vos, si tamen expedit roganti, annos addite bis precor novenos, ut nondum nimia piger senecta sed vitae tribus areis ' peractis lucos Elysiae petam puellae. 10 post hunc Nestora nee diem rogabo.^ XXV In matutina nuper spectatus harena Mucius, iiq:)osuit qui sua membra focis, ^ areis Aid., anreis codd. , anrihuslj. , arcuhxis Housman. * post hoc Friedl., JN^esi'ora Heins. , ntc hora vel nethora codd. ' i.e. seventj'-five years : rf. vii xl. 6. ^ Tacitus draws a verj' different picture : cf. the Index under " Primus." 3 Wlio ordinarily received gifts on that day : cf. v. Ixxxiv. 11, 170 BOOK X. xxiii-xxv XXIII Now in his placid age happy Antonius Primus reckons fifteen Olympiads gone,^ and he looks back upon past days and the vista of his years, and fears not Lethe's wave now drawing nigh. No day, as he reviews it, is unwelcome and distressing to him, none has there been he would not wish to recall, A good man"^ widens for himself his age's span; he lives twice who can find delight in life bygone. XXIV Mv natal kalends of March, day fairer to me than all the kalends, on which girls, too, send ^ me a gift, for the fifty-seventh time cakes and this censer of incense I lay on your altars. To these years — but so that it be expedient on my asking — add, I pray, twice nine years, that I, not as yet dull with too protracted age, but when life's three courses* are run, may reach the groves of the Elysian dame.* Beyond this Nestor's span I will not crave even a day more. XXV If Mucius,^ whom of late you saw one morning in the arena, when he laid his hand upon the fire, ■• Boyhood, manhood, old age. Housman's conjecture is arcubus = arcs, i.e. the four segments into which tlie full circle of life (100 years) is di\ided: cf. Manil. ii. 844-55. M., being fifty-seven, would in eighteen ^ears have com- pleted three arcs, and not have reached the last arc of too protracted age. * Proserpine. * cf. I. xxi. ; VIII. XXX. In this ep. M. takes a different view of the event, saying that the criminal representing Mucius chooses the lesser evil of losing only a limb. 171 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL si patiens durusque tibi fortisque videtur, Abderitanae pectora plebis habes. nam cum dicatur tunica praesente molesta " Ure manum," plus est dicere " Non facio.' XXVI Vahe, Paraetonias Latia modo vite per urbes nobilis et centum dux memorande viris, at nunc, Ausonio frustra promisse Quirino, hospita Lagei litoris umbra iaces. spargere non licuit frigentia fletibus ora, 5 pinguia nee maestis addere tura rogis. sed datur aeterno victurum carmine nomen : numquid et hoc, fallax Nile, negare potes ? XXVII Natali, Diodore, tuo conviva senatus accubat et rarus non adhibetur eques, et tua tricenos largitur sportula nummos. nemo tamen natum te, Diodore, putat. XXVIII Annorum nitidique sator pulcherrime mundi, publica quem primum vota precesque vocant, ^ The people of Abdera in Thrace were, like the Boeotians, notorious for their stupidity : cf. Juv. x. 50. ^ The tunica molesta : cf. iv. Ixxxvi. 8. ^ With which a centurion kept discipline among hia soldiers. * i.e. whose return to Rome we were expecting. 172 BOOK X. xxv-xxviii seem to you enduring, and unflinching, and strong, you have the intelligence of Abdera's ^ rabble. For, when it is said to you, while the torturing tunic ^ is by you, " Burn your hand," it is the bolder thing to say " I refuse." XXVI Notable but lately with Latin vine-rod ^ mid Egypt's cities, and a captain of renown to thy hundred soldiers, yet now, O thou who wert pro- mised in vain to Ausonian Quirinus,* thou liest, an alien ghost, on the Lagaean shore. 'Twas not allowed me to sprinkle thy chill cheek with my tears, nor to shed rich incense on thy lamented pyre. But there is given thee a name that shall live in deathless song : nay, treacherous Nile, canst thou refuse that too ? ^ XXVII On your birthday, Diodorus, the Senate is your guest at dinner, and few are the knights not in- vited, and your dole lavishes thirty sesterces on each guest.^ Yet no one, Diodorus, imagines you had a father.^ XXVIII Father, most fair, of the years and of the bright universe, whom first of all Gods public vows and * i.e. as well as his body ? * About double the usual dole. A larger than the usual dole was sometimes given (sportula major) : cf. viii. xlii. 1 ; IX. c. 1. ' Non natus, a phrase expressing insignificance : cf. viii. Ixiv. 18. 173 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL pervius^ exiguos habitabas ante penates, plurima qua medium Roma terebat iter: nunc tua Caesareis cinguntur limina donis 5 et fora tot numeras, lane, quot era geris. at tu, sancte pater, tanto pro munere gratus, ferrea perpetua claustra tuere sera. XXIX QuAM milii mittebas Saturni tempore lancem, misisti dominae, Sextiliane, tuae ; et quam donabas dictis a Marte Kalendis, de nostra prasina est synthesis empta toga, iam constare tibi gratis coepere puellae : 5 muneribus futuis, Sextiliane, meis. XXX O TEMPERATAE dulce Formiae litus, vos, cum severi fugit oppidum Martis et ijiquietas fessus exuit curas, Apollinaris omnibus locis praefert. non ille sanctae dulce Tibur uxoris, 5 nee Tusculanos Algidosve secessus, Praeneste nee sic Antiumque miratur; non blanda Circe Dardanisve Caieta desiderantur, nee Marica nee Liris, nee in Lucrina lota Salmacis vena. 10 * pervius j-, pratvius codd. ^ The old temple of .Tamis was near the Roman Forum, and represented Janus with two faces (Janus Geminus). Doniitian built a new temple, giving Janus four faces [quadri- frovs), in the Forum Transitoriuni : rf. viii. ii. The other three forums were the F. Romanum, F. Julii, and F. Augustj, '74 BOOK X. xxviii-xxx prayers implore, thou, pervious once, didst afore- time inhabit a petty house, wherethrough populous Rome wore her thoroughfare. Now is thy threshold encircled with Caesarean offerings, and as many forums thou numberest, Janus, as the faces thou bearest.^ But do thou, hallowed sire, thankful for a gift so great, guard thy iron portals with a bolt ever undrawn.^ XXIX The dish you used to send me at Saturn's season you have sent to your mistress, Sextilianus, and, at the cost of tiie toga you used to give me on the kalends named after Mars, has been bought a green dinner dress. Now your girls begin to cost you nothing : it is out of my presents^ Sextilianus, you carry on your amours. XXX O TEMPERATE Formiac, darling shore ! When he flies from stern Mars' town, and weariedly puts off distracting cares, 'tis you Apollinaris prefers to every spot. Not so does he admire his blameless wife's darling Tibur, nor the retreats of Tusculum or Algidus, not so does he admire Praeneste and Antium ; Circe's witching headland or Dardan Caieta^ are not longed for, nor Marica* nor Liris, nor Salmacis ^ bathed in the Lucrine's waters. Here "^ When the gate of the temple was shut, it was a sign that Rome was not at war. ^ Circeii and Caieta : cf. v. i. 5. * A Latin nymph, who had a temple and grove at Min- turnae at the nioutli of the Liris in Campania. * Probably a spring that fell into the Lucrine lake, and bearing the same name as the spring in Caria associated with the legend of Hermaphroditns : cf. vi. Ixviii. 10. It is here alluded to under the name of the nymph S. '75 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL hie summa leni stringitur Thetis vento ; nee languet aequor, viva sed quies ponti pictam pliaselon adiuvante fert aura. sicut puellae non amantis aestatem mota sakibre purpura venit frigus. 15 nee saeta longo quaerit in mari praedani, sed a cubiU leetuloque iactatam spectatus alte lineam trahit piscis. si quando Nereus sentit Aeoli regnum, ridet proeellas tuta de suo mensa : 20 piseina rhombum pascit et lupos vernas, natat ad magistrum delicata muraena, nomenculator mugilem citat notum et adesse iussi prodeunt senes mulli. frui sed istis quando, Roma, permittis ? 25 quot Formianos inputat dies annus negotiosis rebus urbis haerenti ? o ianitores vilicique feliees ! dominis parantur ista, serviunt vobis. XXXI Addixti servum nunimis here mille ducentis, ut bene cenares, Calliodore, semel. nee bene cenasti : mullus tibi quattuor eniptus librarum cenae pompa caputque fuit. exelamare hbet : " Non est hie, inprobe, non est 5 piseis : homo est ; hominem, CaUiodore, eomes." XXXII Haec mihi quae cohtur violis pictura rosisque, quos referat voltus, Caediciane, rogas ? ^ Nereus was a sea-god, and Aeolus the god of the winds. 176 BOOK X. xxx-xxxn Ocean's surface is ruffled by a gentle breeze; yet is not the sea-floor still, but a slumberous swell bears on the gaudy shallop with the assisting air, as from the fluttering of a girl's purple fan, when she shuns the heat, there comes refreshing cool. The line seeks not its prey in the distant sea, but the fish, descried from above, draws down the cord cast from bed or couch. If ever Nereus feel the power of Aeolus,^ the table, safe-supplied from its own store, laughs at the storm; the fishj)ond feeds turbot and home-reared bass ; to its master's call swims the dainty lamprey ; the usher summons a favourite gurnard, and, bidden to appear, aged mullets put forth their heads. But when dost thou, Rome, permit to enjoy those delights ? How many days of Formiae does the year put to the credit of one tied to city business.'' O happy porters and bailiffs I Those delights are procured for your masters, they belong to you ! XXXI You sold a slave yesterday for twelve hundred sesterces, Calliodorus, that you might dine well once. You have not dined well : ^ a four-pound mullet which you bought was the ornament and chief dish of your dinner. A man may cry, "This is not a fish, not a fish, you profligate : 'tis a man ; a man, Calliodorus, is what you eat." XXXII This picture which is honoured by me with violets and roses — ask you, Caedicianus, whose features it ^ M. plays on the meaning of bene, "sumptuously," or " well " in a moral sense. 177 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL talis erat Marcus mediis Antonius annis Primus : in hoc iuvenem se videt ore senex. ars utinam mores animunique effingere posset! 5 pulchrior in terris nulla tabella foret. XXXIII SiMPUCioR priscis, Munati Galle, Sabinis, Cecropium superas qui bonitate senem, sic tibi consoceri claros retinere penates perpetua natae det face casta Venus, ut tu, si viridi tinctos aerugine versus 5 forte malus livor dixerit esse meos, ut facis, a nobis abigas, nee scribere quemquam talia contendas carmina qui legitur. hunc servare modum nostri novere libelli, parcere personis, dicere de vitiis. 10 XXXIV Di tibi dent quidquid, Caesar Traiane, mereris et rata perpetuo quae tribuere velint : qui sua restituis spoliato iura patrono (libertis exul non erit ille suis), dignus es ut possis tutum ^ servare clientem : 5 ut (liceat tantum vera probare) potes. * ttitum {-, iotum codd. ' Referred to also iti x. xxiii. ^ Epicurus (cf. vii. Ixix. 3) or Socrateg. 178 BOOK X. xxxii-xxxiv presents? Such was Marcus Antonius Primus^ in manhood's years: in this face the old man sees liimself in youth. Would that art could limn his character and mind ! More beautiful in all the world would no painting be ! XXXIII Simpler than the Sabines of old, Munatius Gallus, who surpass the old Athenian ^ in goodness, so may chaste Venus grant you, by your daughter's unsevered marriage tie, to keep your alliance with her fatlier-in-law's illustrious house, if you, when perchance malicious envy shall call mine verses steeped in poisonous gall, thrust that envy from me, as you do, and urge that no man writes such poems who is read. This measure my books learn to keep, to spare the person, to denounce the vice. XXXIV May the gods grant you, Caesar Trajanus, what- e'er you deserve, and be willing to confirm for all time what they have bestowed. You, who give back to the plundered patron his rights (no more will he be his own freedman's exile),^ are worthy of power to keep the client safe, power which — may you only be allowed to prove it true ! — you have. ^ Trajan had forbidden clients and freedmen to bring ac- cusations against tlieir patrons: Plin. Pan. 42. M. now pleads for the client. 179 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXV Omnes Sulpiciam legant puellae uni quae cupiunt viro placere ; omnes Sulpiciam legant mariti uni qui cupiunt placere nuptae. non liaec Colchidos adserit furorem, 5 din prandia nee refert Thyestae ; Scyllam, Bj'blida nee fuisse credit: sed castos docet et probos amores, lusus delicias facetiasque. cuius carmina qui bene aestimarit, 10 nullam dixerit esse nequiorena, nullam dixerit esse sanctiorem. tales Egeriae locos fuisse udo crediderim Numae sub antro. hac condiscipula vel hac magistra 15 esses doctior et pudica, Sappho : sed tecum pariter simulque visam durus Sulpiciam Phaon amaret. frustra : namque ea nee Tonantis uxor nee Bacchi nee Apollinis puella 20 erepto sibi viveret Caleno. XXXVI Inproba Massiliae quidquid fumaria cogunt^ accij)it aetatem quisquis ab igne cadus, a te, Munna, venit : miseris tu mittis amicis per freta, per longas toxica saeva vias ; 1 Medea. * cf. in. xlv. 1. ^ One of the native Italian Camenae, or Muses, said to have been tlie wife of Nunia, an eail}' king of Rome : cf. vi. xlvii. 3. The grot was at the Porta Capena, or at Aricia. * cf. X. xxxviii. i8o » BOOK X. xxxv-xxxvi XXXV Let all young wives read Sulpicia, who wish to please their lords alone ; let all husbands read Sul- picia, who wish to please their brides alone. She claims not as her theme the frenzy of the Colchian dame,' nor does she recount Thyestes' dreadful feast ; - Scylla and Byblis she does not believe ever were ; but she describes pure and honest love, toyings, endearments, and raillery. He who shall weigh well her poems will say no maid was so roguish, will say no maid was so modest. Such — I would beheve — were Egeria's^ pleasantries in Numa's dripping grot. With her as your school-mate, or with her as your teacher, you would have been more learned, Sajjpho, and have been chaste ; but coy Phaon, had he seen her with Sappho and by her side, would have loved Sulpicia. In vain ; for neither as the Thunderer's spouse, nor as Bacchus' or Apollo's mistress, were her Calenus taken from her, would she live.* XXXVI Whatever Massilia's vile smoke-rooms store,^ what- ever jar acquires its age from the fire, comes from you, Munna; to your wretched friends you consign over the sea, over long roads, deadly poison, and not ' Wine was matured by being kept over the heat of the furnace, but at Massilia the process appears to have been overdone, and a taste of smoke clung to the wine : cf. iii. Ixxxii. 23 ; xiiL cxxiii. l8i THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nee facili pretio sed quo contenta Falerni 5 testa sit aut cellis Setia cara suis. non venias quare tarn longo tempore Romam, liaec puto causa tibi est, ne tua vina bihas. XXXVII Juris et aequarum cultor sanctissime legum, veridico Latium qui regis ore forum, municipi, Materne, tuo veterique sodali Callaicum mandas si quid ad Oceanum — . an Laurentino turpis in litore ranas 5 et satius tenues ducere credis acus, ad sua captivum quam saxa remittere muUum, visus erit libris qui minor esse tribus ? et fatuam summa cenare pelorida mensa quosque tegit levi cortiee concha brevis 10 ostrea Baianis quam non liventia testis, quae domino pueri non prohibente vorent ? hie olidam clamosus ages in retia volpem mordebitque tuos sordida praeda canes : illic piscoso modo vix educta profundo 15 inpedient lepores umida lina meos. dum loquor ecce redit sporta piscator inani, venator capta maele superbus adest : omnis ab urbano venit ad mare cena macello. Callaicum mandas si quid ad Oceanum — . 20 ^ M. proceeds to compare, with regard to advantages, Laiirentum with Spain, whither he is now returning. He ia j 182 BOOK X. xxxvi-xxxvii at an easy price, but at one which would satisfy a crock of Falerniau or Setine, dear to its own cellars. Why you do not come to Rome after such an "interval this is, I think, your reason : you shun drinking your own wines. XXXVII Most conscientious student of law and of just statutes, who with your truthful tongue rule the Latin forum, if you have any commission, Maternus, to the Spanish ocean for your townsman and old comrade — or ^ do you think it better on Laurentum's shore to pull up ugly frogs and thin needle-fish,^ than to return to its own rocks the captive mullet which shall seem to you of less than three pounds? and to dine on a tasteless Sicilian lobster set at the top of the table, and on fish which with a smooth coating a small shell covers,'^ than on oysters that do not envy the shell-fish of Baiae, and which slaves devour, unforbid by their master? Here with shouts you will drive into your toils a stinking vixen, and the foul quarry will bite your hounds ; there the net, scarce drawn just now from the deep that teems with fish, will, all dripping, enmesh my own hares. While I speak, see, your fisherman comes home with empty creel, your huntsman is at hand, exulting in a badger caught i all your dinner by the sea comes from the city market. If you have any commission to the Spanish ocean — • supposed to be at Laurentum paying a farewell visit to Maternus. '^ From the marshes of Laurentum. ' Probably mussels (mituli) : cf. in. Ix. 4. 183 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXVIII O MOLLES tibi quindecim, Calene, qiios cum Sulpicia tua iugales indulsit deus et peregit annos ! o nox omnis et liora, quae notata est caris litoris Indici lapillis ! 5 o quae proelia, quas utrimque pugnas felix lectulus et lucerna vidit nimbis ebria Nicerotianis ! vixisti tribus, o Calene^ lustris : aetas haec tibi tota conputatur 10 et solos numeras dies mariti. ex illis tibi si diu rogatam lucem redderet Atropos vel unam, malles quara Pyliam quater senectam. XXXIX CoNSULE te Bruto quod iuras, Lesbia, natam, mentiris. nata es, Lesbia, rege Numa ? sic quoque mentiris. namque, ut tua saecula narrant, ficta Prometheo diceris esse luto. XL Semper cum mihi diceretur esse secreto mea Polla cum cinaedo, inrupi, Lupe, non erat cinaedus. XLI Mense novo lani veterem, Proculeia, maritum deseris atque iubes res sibi habere suas. • cf. VI. Iv. 3. ^ Fifteen years. ' One of the Fates. * i.e. the age of Nestor. 184 BOOK X. xxxviii-xLi XXXVIII Oh, those fifteen years, rapturous to you, Calenus, those wedded years which, along with your Sulpicia, the god accorded and accomplished! O nights and hours, each marked with the precious pebbles of India's shore ! Oh, what conflicts of endearments, what rivalry of love between you did your happy couch witness, and the lamp o'ersated with showers of Nicerotian ^ perfume! You have lived, O Calenus, three lustres : ^ this is all the life you sum, and you count your married days alone. Of them should Atropos -^ restore you even one long asked for, you would choose it rather than four spans of Pylian * old age XXXIX You swear, Lesbia, you were born when Brutus was consul : you lie. Were you born, Lesbia, when Numa was king? There, too, you lie; for — as your generations declare — you are said to be fashioned of Promethean clay.'' XL Since my Folia was always being reported to me as consorting in secret with a , I broke in upon them. Lupus. He was not a ^ XLI In Janus' opening month you abandon your old husband, Proculeia, and bid him keep his own ' i.e. incredibly old. P. fashioned the human race out of clay : cf. ix. xlv. 8. * t.e. but much worse, VOL. II. a '^5 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quidj rogo, quid factum est? subiti quae causa doloris, nil mihi respondes ? dicam ego, praetoi* ei'at : . constatura fuit Megalensis purpura centum 5 milibus, ut nimium munera parca dares, et populare sacrum bis milia dena tulisset. discidium non est hoc, Proculeia : lucrum est. XLII ^ Tam dubia est lanugo tibi, tam mollis ut illam halitus et soles et levis aura terat. celantur simili ventura Cydonea lana, pollice virgineo quae spoliata nitent. fortius inpressi quotiens tibi basia quinque, 5 barbatus labris, Dindjme, fio tuis. XLIII Septima iam, Phileros, tibi conditur uxor in agro. plus nulli, Phileros, quam tibi reddit ager. XLIV QuiNTE Caledonios Ovidi visure Britannos et viridem Tethyn Oceanumque patrem, ergo Numae colles et Nomentana relinquis otia, nee retinet rusque focusque senem ? ^ Tuas res tibi haheto was the legal formula of divorce. ^ In honour of Cybele, the Great Mother of the Gods. It was scenic, and held in April. 1 86 BOOK X. xLi-XLiv property.^ What, I ask, what is the matter? What is the reason of this sudden resentment ? Do you answer me nothing? I will tell you : he was praetor. The purple robe of the Megalensian ^ festival was likely to cost a hundred thousand sesterces, should you give even a too thrifty show, and the Plebeian festival ^ would have run off with twenty thousand. This is not divorce, Proculeia : it is good business. XLII So shadowy is the down on thy cheeks, so soft that a breath, or the sun, or a soft breeze, rubs it away. With such a fleecy film are veiled ripening quinces, that gleam brightly when plucked by maiden fingers. Whenever I have too strongly impressed upon thy cheek five kisses, I become, Dindymus, bearded from thy lij)s. XLIII Already, Phileros, your seventh wife is being buried on your land. Better return than yours, Phileros, land makes to no man.* XLIV QuiNTUS OviDius, purposing to visit the Caledonian Britons, and green Tethys, and father Ocean, can it be you desert the hills of Numa and Nomentan ease, and do not your fields and fireside hold you ^ The Ludi Pleheii, held in November in the Flaniinian Cirnua. * i.e. he succeeds to their estates : c/. ii. Ixv. 4; v. xxxvii. 187 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL jjaudia tu differs : at non et stamina differt 5 Atropos atque omnis scribitur hora tibi. praestiteris caro (quis non hoc laudet?) amico ut potior vita sit tibi sancta fides ; sed reddare tuis tandem mansure Sabinis teque tuas numeres inter amicitias. 10 XLV Si quid lene mei dicunt et dulce libelli, si quid honorificum pagina blanda soiiat, hoc tu pingue putas et costam rodere mavis, ilia Laurentis cum tibi demus apri. Vaticana bibas, si delectaris aceto : 5 non facit ad stomachum nostra lagona tuum. XLVI Omnia vis belle, Matho, dicere. die aliquando et bene ; die neutrum ; die aliquando male. , / I. XLVII ViTAM quae faciunt beatiorem, iucundissime Martialis, haec sunt : res non parta labore sed relicta ; ..l'''f'|^' non ingratus ager, focus perennis ; lis numquam, toga rara, mens quieta ; ; jv^ 5 vires ingenuae, salubre corpus ; ^\ prudens simplicitas, pares amici, convictus facilis, sine arte mensa ; 1 One of the Fates. ' i.e. whom you promised to accompany. ^ Consider yourself as well as your friends. * This person requires (like Baeticus in iii. cxxvii.) his edibles to be full-flavoured. Pliny {N.H. xv, 32 and 33) con- l88 BOOK X. xLiv-xLvii back in your old age ? Enjoyment you put off, but Atropos 1 does not also put off her spinning, and every hour is scored against you. You will have shown to your dear friend ^ — who would not praise this? — that your sacred word is more to you than life ; yet return to your Sabine farm, and there at length abide, and count yourself one of your own friends.3 XLV If my little books contain anything delicate and toothsome, if my flattering page has any ring of eulogy, this you call tasteless^ and prefer to gnaw a rib, although I offer you the loin of a Laurentine boar. You may drink Vatican if you are pleased with vinegar : my wine-jar does not suit your stomach. XLVI You want all you say to be smart, Matho. Say sometimes what also is good ; say what is middling ; say sometimes what is bad. XLVII The things that make life happier, most genial Martial, are these : means not acquired by labour, but bequeathed ; fields not unkindly, an ever blazing hearth; no lawsuit, the toga seldom worn, a quiet mind; a free man's strength,^ a healthy body; frankness with tact, congenial friends, good-natured guests, a board plainly spread ; nights not spent trasts the pinguia sapor of olives, bay-leaves, walnuts, and ahnonds with \inter alia) the sweetness of figs and the softness (lenitas) of milk. ' I.e. the natural strength of a gentleman, not the coarse strength of a labourer : c/. in. xlvi. 6 ; vi. xi. 6. 189 ..J>^- THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nox non ebria sed soluta curiSj/^A-t^ .:» non tristis torus et tamen pud icus ; v(/\.c 10 somnus qui faciat breves tenebras '. quod sis esse velis niliilque malis ; summu^ nee ineUias diem nee optes. XLVIII -f^'^ NuNTiAT octavam Phariae sua turba iuvencae, et pilata redit tiamque subitquet cohors.' temperat haec thermas, nimios prior hora vapores halat, et inmodico sexta Nerone calet. Stella, Nepos, Cani, Cerialis, Flacce, venitis ? 5 septem sigma capit, sex sumus, adde Lupum. exoneraturas ventrem mihi vilica nialvas adtulit et varias quas habet hortus opes, in quibus est lactuca sedens et tonsile porrum, nee dest ructatrix mentha nee herba salax ; 10 secta coi'onabunt rutatos ova lacertos et madidum thynni de sale sumen erit. gustus in his ; una ponetur cenula mensa, haedus inhumani raptus ab ore lupi, et quae non egeant ferro structoris ofellae 15 et faba fabroruin prototomique rudes ; ^ redit iam subiitque cohors Paley. ^ The godtleps Isis, whose temple was closed at the eighth hour : rf. Boissier, Bel. Rom. vol. ii. cli. 2 (.'^j. ■■' Leeks were of two kinds [cf. III. xlvii. 8), capitatum, where the bulbs were allowed to grow on the top of the 190 I BOOK X. xLvii-xLviii in wine, but freed from cares, a wife not prudish and yet pure ; sleep such as makes the darkness brief: be content with what you are, and wish no change ; nor dread your last day, nor long for it. XLVIII Her crowd of priests announces to the Egyptian heifer ^ the eighth hour, and the praetorian guard now returns to camp and another takes its place. This hour tempers the warm baths, the hour before breathes heat too great, and the sixth is hot with the excessive heat of Nero's baths. Stella, Nepos, Canius, Cerialis, Flaccus, do you come ? My crescent couch takes seven : we are six, add Lupus. My bailiff's wife has brought me mallows that will un- load the stomach, and the various wealth the garden bears ; amongst which is squat lettuce and clipped leek,2 and flatulent mint is not wanting nor the sa- lacious herb ; ^ sliced eggs shall garnish lizard-fish * served with rue, and there shall be a paunch drip- ping from the tunny's brine. Herein is your whet : the modest dinner shall be served in a single course — a kid rescued from the jaws of a savage wolf,^ and meat-balls to require no carver's knife, and beans, the food of artisans, and tender young sprouts ; stalk, and sectile, tonsils, or seriivum, where the stalks were cut young : cf. xi. Hi. 6 ; see Mayor on Juv. iii. 293. ^ Eruca, or rocket : rf. iii. Ixxv. 3. ^ A poor fish : cf. vii. Ixxviii. I. ^ i.e. damaged, and thus cheaper. But the flesh of an animal that bad been mangled by a wolf or other savage beast was supposed to be more tender: cf. III. xlvii. 11; Plut. Symp. a., qnaest. 9, 191 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL pullus ad haec cenisque tribus iam perna superstes addetur. saturis mitia poma dabo, de Nomentana vinum sine faece lagona, quae bis Frontino consule trima^ fiiit. 20 accedent sine felle ioci nee mane timenda libertas et nil quod tacuisse velis : de prasino conviva meus venetoque loquatur, nee faciunt ^ quemquam pocula nostra ream. XLIX Cum potes amethystinos trientes et nigro madeas Opimiano, propinas mode conditum Sabinum et dicis mihi, Cotta, "Vis in auro? " quisquam plumbea vina volt in auro ? 5 Frangat Idumaeas tristis Victoria palmas, plange, Favor, saeva pectora nuda manu ; mutet Honor eultus, et iniquis munera flammis mitte coronatas, Gloria niaesta, comas, heu facinus! prima fraudatus, Scorpe, iuventa 5 occidis et nigros tam cito iungis equos. curribus ilia tuis semper properata brevisque cur fuit et vitae tam prope meta tuae ? 1 trima Heins, prima codd. * facient j3. 1 Friedlander (Int. p. 65) states that Froiitinus was made "consul for the second time along with Trajan on Feb. 20, 98." But can bis — iterum 1 Housman takes it with trima, and Athenaeus, i. 27 b, says that the wine was "fit for drinking after five years." To read prima would make M. offer an undrinkable wine : cf. i, cv. 192 BOOK X. xLviii-L to these a chicken, and a ham that has already sur- i^ived three dinners, shall be added. When you have had your fill I will give you ripe apples, wine without lees from a Nomentan flagon, which was three years old in Frontinus' second consulship.^ To crown these shall be jests without gall, and a freedom not to be dreaded the next morning, and no word you would wish unsaid ; let my guest converse of the Green and the Blue ; ^ my cups do not make any man a defendant., XLIX Althouoh you drink from cups of amethyst and are drenched with dark Opimian, you give me to drink Sabine ^ just laid down, and say to me, Cotta : " Will you drink in gold ? " Does any man wish to drink leaden wines * in gold ? Let Victory sadly break her Idumaean ' palms ; beat. Favour, with cruel hand thy naked breast ; let Honour change her garb ; and do thou, sorrowful Glory, cast on the cruel flames the offering of thy crowned locks. Ah, crime of fate ! Robbed, Scorpus,*' of thy first youth, art thou fallen, and so soon dost yoke Death's dusky steeds ! That goal, whereto thy car sped ever in brief course, and swiftly won, why to thy life also was it so nigh .'' ^ Factions of the charioteers in the circus. 3 A cheap wine : cf. Hor. Od. i. xx. 1. Opimian was a celeV)rater] vintage of Caecuban : cf i. xxvi. 7 ; m. xxvi. 3. * i.e. worthless ones : cf. i. xcix. 15 (bad coin). ^ Idumc wTs S. of Judaea, and was celebrated for its palms, ' cf. X. liii. 193 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LI SiDERA iam Tyrius Phrixei respicit Agni Taurus et alternuua Castora fugit liiemps ; ridet ager, vestitur humus, vestitur et arbor, j Ismarium paelex Attica plorat Ityn. quos, Faustine, dies, quales tibi Roma fRavennaef ^ 5 abstulit I o soles, o tunicata quies ! o nemus, o fontes solidumque madentis harenae litus et aequoreis splendidus Anxur aquis, et not! uiiius spectator lectulus undae, qui videt hinc pu])pes Huminis, inde maris! 10 sed nee Marcelli Pompeianumque, nee illic sunt triplices thermae nee fora iuncta quater, nee CapitoUni sumnmm penetrale Tonantis quaeque nitent caelo proxima templa suo. dicere te lassum quotiens ego credo Quirino : 15 "Quae tua sunt, tibi habe : quae mea, redde mihi LII Thelyn viderat in toga spadonem, damnatam Numa dixit esse moecham. LUX Ille ego sum Scorpus, clamosi gloria Circi, plausus, Roma, tui deUciaeque breves, * recessus Friedl. * The Sun is in Gemini, having passed through Aries and Taurus. May has begun. 2 Philomela (the nightingale) laments Itya, whom her sister Procne (the swallow) slew. 194 BOOK X. Li-Liii LI Now looks the Tyrian bull back on the star of Phiyxus' ram, and winter has fled from Castor in Pollux' place ; i smiling is the field, earth is putting on her garb, the tree too its garb, the Attic adulteress mourns for Thracian Itys.'- What days, Faustinus, what fair days of Ravenna ^ has Rome robbed you of ; O sunny hours, O rest in tunic clad ! O thou grove, O ye founts, and thou shore of firm moist sand, and Anxur gleaming in the ocean waves, and the couch that views more waters than one, that marks on tliis side the river's'* ships, on that the sea's! Aye, and no theatres of Marcelhis and of Pompey are there, nor there are tlie tliree warm baths,^ nor the four forums joined, nor the august shrine of the Capitoline Thunderer, and the temples that gleam nigh their own heaven.^ How often do I fancy you in your weariness saying to Quirinus : "What is yours keep to yourself; what is mine restore to me." LII NuMA saw the eunuch Thelys in a toga, and said he was a convicted adulteress^ LIII That Scorpus am I, the glory of the clamorous Circus, thy applause, O Rome, and thy short-lived * Perhaps the name of his villa (Paley). But the text is corrupt. * The canal following the course of the Appian Way : cf. X. Iviii. 4. 6 Agrippa's, Nero's, and Titus'. * The temple of the (Jt-m Flavia : cf. ix. i. 8. ' cf. II. xxxix 2. 195 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL invida quem Lachesis raptum trieteride nona, dum numerat palmas, credidit esse senem. LIV Mens AS, Ole, bonas ponis, sed ponis opertas. ridiculum est : possum sic ego habere bonas. LV Aruectum qiiotiens Marulla penern pensavit digitis diuque mensa est, libras scripula sextulasque dicit ; idem post opus et suas palaestras loro cum similis iacet remisso, quanto sit levior Marulla dicit. non ergo est manus ista, sed statera. LVI ToTis, Galle, iubes tibi me servire diebus et per Aventinum ter quater ire tuum. eximit aut reficit dentem Cascellius aegrum ; infestos oculis uris, Hygine, pilos ; non secat et tollit stillantem Fannius uvam ; tristia servorum stigmata delet Eros ; enterocelarum fertur Podalirius Hermes : qui sanet ruptos die mihi, Galle, quis est ? ^ One of the Fates. 196 BOOK X. Liii-Lvi darling. Me, snatched away in my ninth three ■ years' span, jealous Lachesis,^ counting my victories, i deemed old in years. LIV You lay out, Olus, handsome tables, but you lay them out covered. Absurd ! I can possess in this fashion handsome tables. LV Ogni volta che Marulla ha pesato colle dita I'eretto membro, e lungo tempo lo misurato, ne dice le libre, gli scrupoli ed i grani. Parimenti dopo I'opera e le sue giostre, quando giace simile ad un rilasciato cuojo, Marulla dice di quanto sia pifi leggiero. Questa dunque non 6 una mano ma una stadera. LVI All day. Callus, you bid me serve you, and thrice, four times to mount your Aventine. Cascellius draws or stops the decayed tooth ; the hairs that wound the eyes you, Hyginus, sear; without cutting Fan- nius heals a suppurating uvula; the degrading brands on slaves Eros obliterates ; of hernia Hermes is held a very Podalirius.2 Who is there, Callus, to mend the ruptured ? ^ * The physician of the Greek camp before Troy. » i.e. those broken down (c/. ix. Ivii. 4) by fatigue. There is a play on ruptoa. X97 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LVII Argenti libram mittebas ; facta selibra est, sed piperis. tanti non emo, Sexte, piper. LVIII Anxuris aequorei placidos, Frontine, recessus et propius Baias litoreamque domum, et quod inhumanae Cancro fervente cicadae non novere nemus, flumineosque lacus dum coliii, doctas tecum celebrare vacabat 5 Pieridas ; nunc nos maxima Roma terit. hie mihi quando dies meus est ? iactamur in alto urbis, et in sterili vita labore jierit, dura suburban! dum iugera pascimus agri vicinosque tibi, sancte Quirine, lares. 10 sed non solus amat qui nocte dieque frequentat limina nee vatem talia damna decent, per veneranda mihi Musarum sacra, per omnes iuro deos, et non officiosus amo. LIX CoNsuMPTA est uno si lemmate pagina, transis, et breviora tibi, non meliora, placent. dives et ex omni posita est instructa macello cena tibi, sed te mattea sola iuvat. non opus est nobis nimium lectore guloso ; 5 hunc volo, non fiat qui sine pane satur. * M. ironically assumes that the pepper must be as valu- able as tlie plate formerly sent. 198 BOOK X. Lvii-Lix LVII A POUND of silver plate you used to send me ; it has become half a jiound, and of pepper too! I don't buy pepper so dear/ Sextus. LVIII The calm retreat, Faustinus, of Anxur by the sea, and a nearer J3aiae, and a house by tiie shore, and the wood which the troublesome'^ cicadas have not discovered when Cancer flames, and the fresh-water canal — while I frequented these I had leisure along with you for allegiance to the learned Muses ; now mightiest Rome wears us out. Here when is a day my own ? I am tossed on the deep ocean of the city, and life is wasted in sterile toil while I main- tain 3 stubborn acres of suburban land and a house near to you, holy Quirinus. But he is not alone a lover who day and night haunts thresholds, and such loss of time ill befits a poet. By the Muses' rites, to be hallowed by me, by all the gods I swear: careless client as I am, 1 love you yet. LIX If a column is taken up by a single subject, you skip it, and the shorter epigrams please you, not the better. A meal, rich and furnished from every market, has been placed before you, but only a dainty attracts you. I have no need of a reader too nice : I want him who is not satisfied without bread. * An English traveller compares the chirping of the cicada in Italy to the "scream of tlie corn-craik." ' i.f.. spend moie on it than it brings in : c/, X. xcvi. 7 ; or, " live on the i^roduce of": cf. ix. Ixxx. 2. 199 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LX [uRA trium petiit a Caesare discipulorum adsuetus semper Muiina docere duos. LXI Hic festinata requiescit Erotion umbra, crimine quam fati sexta peremit hiemps, quisquis eris nostri post me regnator agelli, manibus exiguis annua iusta dato : sic lare perpetuo, sic turba sospite solus 6 flebilis in terra sit lapis iste tua. LuDi magister, parce simplici turbae : I ^ v\ sic te frequentes audiant capillati >^ <" »^ f'^^'vU^ 'et delicatae diligat chorus mensae, nee calculator nee notarius velox maiore quisquam circulo coronetur. 5 albae Leone flammeo calent luces tostamque fervens lulius coquit messera. v*Jit\>^H*J cirrata loris horridis Scythae pellis, qua vapulavit Marsyas Celaenaeus, ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedagogorum, 10 cessent et Idus dormiant in Octobres : aestate pueri si valent, satis discunt. LXIII Marmora parva quidem sed non cessura, viator, Mausoli saxis pyramidumque legis. ' M. parodies the jua trium lihtrorum : cf. ii. xci. 6 ; ix xcvii. 6. ^ cf. on the same subject V. xxxiv. and xxxvii. 200 \ BOOK X. Lx-Lxiii LX MuNNA, who was accustomed always to teach two, begged of Caesar the rights attached to three — pupils.^ LXI Here in too early gloom rests Erotion whom, by crime of Fate, her sixth winter laid low. Whoe'er thou shalt be, the lord after me of my little field, to her tiny ghost pay thou year by year thy rites. So may thy roof-tree continue, so thy household live unscathed, and in thy fields this gravestone alone call forth a tear ! ^ LXII Schoolmaster, spare your simple flock ; so in crowds may curly-headed boys listen to you, and a dainty bevy round your table be fond of you, and no arith- metic master or rapid shorthand teacher be ringed with a larger circle. The glaring days glow beneath flaming Leo, and blazing July ripens the parched grain. Let the Scythian's hide, thonged with brist- ling lashes, with which Marsyas ^ of Celaenae was scourged, and the alarming ferules, sceptres of pedagogues, rest and sleep till October's Ides. In summer if boys are well, they learn enough. LXIII A MARBLE, O traveller, you read small in truth, but one that shall not give place to the stones of ' A famous piper who challenged Apollo to a musical contest on the terms that the loser should be dealt with as the winner choae. His statue atood in the Forum : c/. ii. Ixiv. 8. 20I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL bis mea Romano spectata est vita Tarento et nihil extremos perdidit ante rogos : quinque dedit pueros, totidem mihi luno puellns, cluserunt omnes luniina nostra manus. contigit et thalami mihi gloria rara fuitque una pudicitiae mentula nota meae. LXIV CoNTiGERis regina meos si Polla libellos, non tetrica nostros excipe fronte iocos. ille tuus vates, Heliconis gloria nostri, Pieria caneret cum fera bella tuba, non tamen erubuit lascivo dicere versu "Si nee pedicor, Cotta, quid hie facio ? " LXV Cum te municipem Corinthiorum iactes, Charmenion, negante nullo, cur frater tibi dicor, ex Hiberis et Celtis genitus Tagique civis ? an voltu similes videmur esse? tu flexa nitidus coma vagaris, Hispanis ego contumax capillis ; levis dropace tu cotidiano, hirsutis ego cruribus genisque ; OS blaesum tibi debilisque lingua est, 10 nobis iha fortius loquentur : ^ • iliaf. loquentur lla,\npt, Jilia /. loquetur $; Fiiedlander suggests loquuntur. » cf. Lib. Spect. i. 5. 202 BOOK X. Lxiii-Lxv Mausolus ^ and of the Pyramids. Twice was my life approved at Roman Tarentos,^ and ere my pyre at last was lit it forfeited no virtue. Five sons, as many dau"-hters Juno gave me; the hands of all closed my eyes. And rare honour fell to my wedded lot : one spouse alone was all that my pure life knew. LXIV PoLLA,' queen of women, if you shall handle my little volumes, with no frowning look greet my jests. He, your own bard, the glory of our Helicon, although on Pierian trump he made resound wild wars, yet did not blush to write in playful verse : " If I am not a Ganymede, Cotta, what do I here?"* LXV Seeing that you boast yourself a townsman of the Corinthians, Charmenion — and no one denies it — why am I called "brother" by you, I, who was born of the Iberians and Celts, and am a citizen of Tagus? Is it in face we look alike ? You stroll about sleek with curled hair, my locks are Spanish and stiff; you are smoothed with depilatory daily, I am one with bristly shanks and cheeks ; your ton_L'ue lisps, and your utterance is feeble ; my guts will speak in * A spot in tlie Campus Martins, where was an altar of Dis (Pluto) : cf. IV. i. 8. The Liidi Satndarea were cele- brated here, and had been held by Claudius in a.d. 47, and by Domitian in 88. Noble ladies {yvvaiKis (ir'nT7i/j.oi : Zos. II. V.) took part, and possibly they were bound to be of acknowledged character and virtue. 3 The wife of Lucan the poet : cf. vii. xxi. * This line does not appear in Lucan's extant works. 203 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL tarn dispar aquilae columba non est nee dorcas rigido fugax leoni. quare desine me vocare fratrem, ne te, Charmenion, vocem sororem. 15 LXVI Quis, rogo, tarn durus, quis tarn fuit ille superbus qui iussit fieri te, Theopompe, cocum ? hanc aliquis faciem nigra violare culina sustinet, has uncto polluit igne comas ? quis potius cyathos aut quis crystalla tenebit? qua sapient melius mixta Falerna manu ? si tam sidereos manet exitus iste ministros, luppiter utatur iam Ganymede coco. LXVII Pyrrhae filia, Nestoris noverca, quam vidit Niobe puella canam, Laertes aviam senex vocavit, nutricem Priamus, socrum Thyestes, iam cornicibus omnibus superstes, hoc tandem sita prurit in sepulchro calvo Plotia cum Melanthione. LXVIII Cum tibi non Ephesos nee sit Rhodos aut Mitylene, sed domus in vico, Laelia, patricio, ^ "Brother" and "sister" were often used in a disreput- able sense : c/. ii. iv. 3 ; Tib. iii. i. 26, 204 BOOK X. Lxv— Lxviii stronger tone : a dove is not so unlike an eagle, nor a timid doe a savage lion. Wherefore cease to call me "brother" lest I call you, Charmenionj " sister " ! ^ LXVI Who was he, I ask, so harsh, who was he so insolent that bade 3'ou, Theopompus, become a cook ? Is this a face any man endures to mar with black kitchen-soot, these the locks he pollutes with greasy flame ? Who in your stead will hold the ladles, or who the crystal cups ? From whose hand shall the blended Falernian take sweeter savour? If such an end as that await attendants so heavenly- bright, let Jupiter now employ his Ganymede as cook. LXVII Pyrrha's daughter, Nestor's step-mother, one whom Niobe, when a girl, saw as an old crone, old Laertes called his grandmotlier, Priam his nurse, Thyestes his mother-in-law, Plotia, having now outlived all the crows,- is laid in this tomb at last, and by the side of bald Melanthion — itches with lust. LXVIII Although your home is not Ephesus, nor Rhodes, nor Mitylene, but a house, Laelia, in Patrician street,^ ^ Crows were said to outlive nine {Hes.apud Plut. De Def. Or. xi.), or at least five (Arist. Av, 609) generations of men. * Under the Esquiline in the middle of Rome : c/. vii. Ixxiii. 2. «o5 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL deque coloratis numquam lita mater Etruscis, durus Aricina de regione pater, Kvpii fjiov, /xeAt jxov, \pv)(rj fjLov congeris usque, 5 pro pudor ! Hersiliae civis et Egeriae. lectulus has voces, nee lectulus audiat omnis, sed quern lascivo stravit arnica viro. scire cupis quo casta modo matrona loquaris ? numquid, cum crisas, blandior esse potes? 10 tu licet ediscas totam ref'erasque Corinthon noil tanien oninino, Laelia,^ Lais eris. LXIX CusTODES das, Polla, viro, non accipis ipsa, hoc est uxoreni ducere, Polla, virum. LXX Quod milii vix unus toto liber exeat anno desidiae tibi sum, docte Potite, reus, iustius at quanto mirere quod exeat unus, labantur toti cum mihi saepe dies, non resalutantis video nocturnus amicos, 5 gratulor et multis ; nemo, Potite, mihi. nunc ad lucif'eram signat mea gemma Dianam, nunc me prima sibi, nunc sibi quinta rapit. ' i.e. Roman, not Greek. H. was the wife of Romulus, E. of Nuina, kings of Rome. * Juvenal (vi. 192-5) seems to have copied the last two sentences. * A celebrated Corinthian courtesan. 2o6 BOOK X. Lxviii-Lxx and though your motlier was one of the sunburnt Etruscans, and never rouged, your sturdy father one from the district of Aricia, you are continually heap- ing on me in Greek "my lord," "my honey," "my soul" — shameful! although you are a fellow-citizen of Hersilia and Egeria.'^ Let a couch hear such phrases, nor even every couch, but only that which his mistress has laid out for an amorous paramour.^ You want to know how you are to speak as a chaste matron ? Can you be more alluring when your ges- tures are lewd ? You may learn by heart and repro- duce all the ways of Corinth, yet nohow, Laelia, will you be a Lais.^ LXIX You set watchers over your husband, Polla, but do not receive them yourself. This, Polla, is to take your husband to wife.* LXX Because scarcely one book of mine is published in a whole year, I am by you, learned Potitus, accused of laziness. But how much more justly should you wonder that one is published at all, when often whole days of mine slip away. Before daybreak I call on friends who do not return my call, and I offer congratulations to many : no one, Potitus, offers them to me. Now my signet-ring seals a document at the temple of Diana the Light-bringer ; ^ now the first hour, now the fifth hurries me off. Now consul ■* Husbands often set watchers over their wives : cf. Tac. Ann. xi. 35. To return the compliment, says M., is to convert a husband into a wife : rf. viii. xii. ^ On the Aventine (cf. vi, Ixiv. 13), far from M.'s house on the Esquiline. 207 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nunc consul praetorve tenet reducesque choreae ; auditur toto saepe poeta die. 10. sed nee causidico possis inpune negare, nee si te rhetor grammaticusve regent, balnea post decumam lasso centumque petuntur quadrantes. fiet quando, Potite, liber ? LXXI QuisQuis laeta tuis et sera parentibus optas fata, brevem titulum marmoris huius ama. condidit hac caras tellure Rabirius umbras ; nulli sorte iacent candidiore senes : bis sex lustra tori nox mitis et ultima clusit, 5 arserunt uno funera bina rogo. hos tamen ut primis raptos sibi quaerit in annis, inprobius nihil his fletibus esse potest. LXXII Frustra, Blanditiae, venitis ad me adtritis miserabiles labellis : dicturus dominum deumque non sum. iam non est locus hac in urbe vobis ; ad Parthos procul ite pilleatos 5 et turpes humilesque supplicesque pictorum sola basiate regum. non est hie dominus sed imperator, sed iustissimus omnium senator, 2q8 BOOK X. Lxx-Lxxii or praetor detains me, and his escorting band;^ often a poet is listened to a whole day long. Then also you cannot with impunity refuse a pleader, nor if a rhetorician or grammarian Avere to ask you. After the tenth hour, fagged out, I make for the baths and my hundred farthings. ^ When, Potitus, shall a book be written ? LXXI Whoe'er thou art who for thy parents prayest for a happy and a late death, regard with love this marble's brief inscription. In this earth Rabirius has hidden dearly-loved shades : with fairer lot none of the old lie in death. Twice six lustres of wedded life one night, kindly and their latest, closed ; on one pyre two bodies burned. Yet he looks for them as if they had been snatched away from him in early years : naught more unwarranted can be than such a lament. LXXII In vain, O ye Flatteries, ye come to me, wretched creatures with your shameless lips ; I think not to address any man as Master and God.^ No longer in this city is there place for you ; fly far off to the turbaned Parthians, and kiss — base, crawling and suppliant as ye are — the soles of bedizened kings. No master is here, but a commander, aye, a senator most just of all,^ by whose means rustic Truth with ^ i.e. escorting a magistrate home from some function ; cf. II. Ixxiv. 2 ; XI. xxiv. 1. ^ cf. III. vii. 3. ^ A title assumed by Uomitian, now dead. * Trajan. 209 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL per quern de Stygia domo redueta est 10 siccis rustica Veritas cajnllis. hoc sub principe, si sapis, caveto verbis, Roma, prioribus loquaris. Lxxni LiTTERA facundi gratum mihi pignus amici pertulit, Ausoniae dona f severa| ^ togae, qua non Fabricius, sed vellet Apicius uti, vellet Maecenas Caesarianus eques. vilior haec nobis alio mittente fuisset; 5 non quacumque manu victiina caesa litat: a te missa venit : possem nisi munus amare, Marce, tuum, poteram nonien amare meum. munere sed phis est et nomine gratius ipso officium docti iudiciumque viri. 10 LXXIV Iam parce lasso, Roma, gratulatori, lasso clienti. quamdiu sahitator anteambulones et togatiilos inter centum merebor plumbeos die toto, cum Scorpus una quindecim graves hora 5 ferventis auri victor auferat saccos ? non ego meorum praemium libellorum (quid enim merentur ?) Apulos velim campos ; non Hybla, non me spicifer capit Nilus, nee quae paludes delicata Pomptinas 10 ' sera (pro severa) y, superha Heina. ' F. is a tj'pe of early simplicity ; A. and M. of modern luxury. 2IO BOOK X. i.xxii-Lxxiv her unperfumed locks has been brought home from her abode by Styx. Under such a prince, if thou art wise, beware, O Rome, to speak the words thou didst before. LXXIII The letter o'f my eloquent friend has brought me a welcome pledge of love, the staid gift of an Italian toga, which not Fabricius,^ but Apicius would have been glad to wear, glad too Maecenas, Caesar's knight. Less prized would it have been if another sent it: 'tis not the victim slain by every hand that wins favour. By you 'tis sent and comes ; if I could not love your gift, Marcus, I could love at least my own name.2 But more than the gift, and more welcome than the name itself, is the attention and judgment of a learned man. LXXIV At length spare, O Rome, the weary congratu- lator, the weary client ! How long, at levees, among the escort and the full-dressed throng, shall I earn a hundred worthless farthings^ in a wliole day, whereas in a single hour, Scorpus, a winner of the race, bears off fifteen bags of gleaming gold .'' I would not as reward for my little books — for what do they de- serve ? — wish for Apulian plains ; * nor does Hybla or corn-bearing Nile allure me, nor the dainty Setine 2 M.'s name was perhaps embroidered on the toga. Or M. may mean, "I value the gift as coming from another Marcus." ' The usual client's dole. * Celebrated for wool : cf. ii, xlvi. 6 ; viii. xxviii. .3. 211 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ex arce clivi spectat uva Setini. quid concupiscam quaeris ergo ? dormire. LXXV MiLiA viginti quondam me Galla poposcit et, fateor, magno non erat ilia nimis. annus abit: "Bis quina dabis sestertia," dixit. poscere plus visa est quam prius ilia mihi. iam duo poscenti post sextum milia mensem 5 mille dabam nummos. noluit accipere. transierant binae forsan trinaeve Kalendae, aureolos ultro quattuor ipsa petit, non dedimus. centum iussit me mittere nuniuios ; sed visa est nobis haec quoque summa gravis. 10 sportula nos iunxit quadrantibus arida centum ; banc voluit : puero diximus esse datam. inferius numquid potuit descendere ? fecit. dat gratis, ultro dat mihi Galla : nego. LXXVI Hoc, Fortuna, tibi videtur aequum ? civis non Syriaeve Parthiaeve, nee de Cappadocis eques catastis, sed de plebe Remi Numaeque verna, iucundus probus innocens amicus, lingua doctus utraque, cuius unum est sed magnum vitium quod est poeta, pullo Maevius alget in cucullo : cocco mulio fulget Incitatus. 1 The noises of Rome are described in xii. Ivii. 212 BOOK X. Lxxiv-Lxxvi grape which from the hill's crest looks on the Pomp- tine marshes. Do you ask, then, what 1 long for ? To sleep.^ LXXV Galla formerly demanded of me twenty thousand [sesterces, and I allow she was not too dear. A year roes by : " You will give ten thousand ? " she said ; ^he appeared to me to be demanding more than jefore. Then after six months, when she demanded 'two thousand, I offered a thousand: she would not accept them. Two, or perhaps three kalends had passed, and voluntarily she herself asked for four gold pieces : ^ I did not give them. She bade me send her a hundred sesterces, but this sum, too, seemed to me stiff. A starveling allowance of a hundred farthings allied me with a patron : this she wanted; I said I had given them to my slave. Could she come down to lower depths ? She achieved this. Galla offers me her favours for nothing, offers of her own accord : I decline. LXXVI Does this. Fortune, seem to you to be fair ? Here is a citizen, not of Syria or Parthia, no knight from Cappadocian slave-stands, but home-born, one of the crowd of Remus and of Numa, a friend pleasant, honest, blameless, learned in either tongue, whose one fault — and tliat a great one— is that he is a poet : 'tis Maevius,^ who shivers in a black cowl. Incitatus, the mule-driver, shines in scarlet. - The aurtolus was a gold coin worth 25 denarii, intrin- sically about a pound of British money. Four, in terms of sesterces, would be 400. • Perhaps Martial means himself. i 213 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXVII Nequius a Caro nihil umquam, Maxima, factum est quani quod febre perit : fecit et ilia nefas. saeva nocens febris saltern quartana fuisset : ^ servari medico debuit ilia ^ suo. LXXVIII Ims litoreas, Macer, Salonas ; ihit rara fides amorque recti et quae, cum comitem trahit pudorem, semper pauperior redit potestas. felix auriferae colone terrae, 5 rectorem vacuo sinu remittes 0])tabisque moras, et exeuntem lido, Dalmata, gaudio sequeris. i!Os Celtas, Macer, et truces Hiberos cum desiderio tui petemus. 10 sed quaecumque tamen feretur illinc piscosi calamo Tagi notata, Macrum pagina nostra nominabit : sic inter veteres legar poetas, nee multos niihi praeferas priores, 15. uno sed tibi sim minor CatuUo. LXXIX Ad lapidem Torquatus habet praetoria quartum ; ad quartum breve rus emit Otacilius. * fuisses fi. ^ ilia j-, ille codd. • C. was a specialist in quartan fever, and should have been allowed to die by his own particular disease. With the 2T4 BOOK X, Lxxvii-Lxxix LXXVII Nothing more scandalous, Maximus, was ever done by Carus than his dyini^ of fever, and it too com- mitted an outrat]i;e. The cruel, fatal fever should liave been at least a quartan ! That malady should have been reserved for its own doctor.^ LXXVIII You will go, Macer, to Salonae - by the sea ; with you will go rare loyalty and love of right, and {jower, which, with moderation in its train, ever returns the poorer. Happy dweller in that gold- bearing land, you will send home your Governor with empty pouch, and will beg him to linger, and as he goes you, Dalmatian, will speed him with a tearful joy. I, Macer, will seek the Celts and fierce Hiberians, longing the while for you. Yet, whatever page of mine shall be wafted from thence, scored with a reed-pen from fish-teeming Tagus, it shall speak of Macer's name. So may I be read among the old poets, and you prefer not many to me, but may I be to you less than Catullus alone ! LXXIX At the fourth milestone Torquatus jiossesses a palace : at the i'ourth Otacilius bought a narrow reading ille in 1. 4 the meaning is that the disease should have taken the niihl form of a quartan (cf. Juv. iv. 57), and the patient been left for his own doctor to kill. '^ The capital of Dalniatia, where M. was going as governor. He had been {cf. X. xvii.) curator of the Appian Way. 215 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Torquatus nitidas vario de marmore thermas extruxit ; cucumam fecit Otacilius. disposuit daphnona suo Torquatus in agro ; 5 castaneas centum sevit Otacilius. consule Torquato vici fuit ille magister, non minor in tanto visus honore sibi. grandis ut exiguam bos ranam ruperat olim, sic, puto, Torquatus rumpet Otacilium. 10 LXXX Plorat Eros, quotiens maculosae pocula murrae inspicit aut pueros nobiliusve citrum, at gemitus imo ducit de pectore quod non tota miser coemat Saepta feratque domum. quam multi faciunt quod Eros ! sed lumine sicco 5 pars maior lacrimas ridet et intus habet. LXXXI Cum duo venissent ad Phyllida mane fututum et nudam cuperet sumere uterque prior, promisit pariter se Phyllis utrique daturam, et dedit : ille pedem sustulit, hie tunicam. LXXXII Si quid nostra tuis adicit vexatio rebus, mane vel a media nocte togatus ero ^ Cucuma, literally, is a largo seething pot. ' Augustus divided Rome into regions and districta (Suet. 2 I( BOOK X. Lxxix-Lxxxii field. Torquatus built warm baths bi-ight with variegated marble : Otacilius set up a geyser.^ On his land Torquatus laid out a laurel-grove : Otacilius planted a hundred chestnuts. When Torquatus was if consul the other was a vestryman^^ in such a dignity ' deeming himself no lesser man. Just as the huge ox in the fable caused the frog to burst himself, so, I think, Torquatus will burst Otacilius. LXXX Eros weeps whenever he inspects cups of spotted^ murrine, or slaves, or a citrus-wood table finer than usual, and heaves groans from the bottom of his chest because he — wretched man — cannot buy all the whole Saepta'* and carry it home. How many act like Eros ! But with dry eyes the greater part laugh at his tears — and have them in their hearts. LXXXI Dui essendo venuti da Fillide di mattina per immembrarla, e I'uno e I'altro desiderando goderla nuda il primo, Fillide promise darsi in una volta a \ tutti e due, e si diede. Quelle sollev6 il piede, questo la tunica. LXXXII If my discomfort bring any advantage to your affairs, at daybreak, or after midnight I will don my . Aug. 30), each of the latter being put under four vici magistri \ chosen from the vicinity. * Transparency or paleness was a defect : cf. iv. Ixxxv. 2. * cf. II. xiv. 5. VOL. n. H ^^7 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL stridentesque feram flatus Aquilonis iniqui et patiar nimbos excipiamque nives. sed si non fias quadrante beatior uno per gemitus nostros ingenuasque cruces, parce, precor, fesso vanosque remitte labores qui tibi non prosunt et mihi, Galle, nocent. LXXXIII Raros colligis hinc et hinc capillos et latum nitidae. Marine^ calvae campum temporibus tegis comatis ; sed moti redeunt iubente vento reddunturque sibi caputque nudum 5 cirris grandibus hinc et inde cingunt. inter Spendoj)horum Telesphorumque Cydae stare putabis Hermerotem, vis tu simplicius senem fateri, ut tandem videaris unus esse ? 10 calvo turpius est nihil comato. LXXXIV MiRARis^ quare dormitum non eat Afer ? accumbat cum qua, Caediciane, vides. LXXXV Iam senior Laden Tiberinae nauta carinae pvoxima dileetis rura paravit aquis. 1 S. and T. are beautiful boys referred to in ix. Ivi.; xi. 2l8 BOOK X. Lxxxii-Lxxxv toga, and bear the whistling blasts of the harsh North wind, and endure the storm-clouds and wel- come the snow. But if you don't become richer by a single farthing through my groans and the servile Kortures of a free man, be merciful, I pray, to my weariness, and remit these useless labours that don't help you, Gallus, and hurt me. LXXXIII From the one side and the other you gather up your scanty locks and you cover, Marinus, the wide expanse of your shining bald scalp with the hair from both sides of your head. But blown about, they come back at the bidding of the wind, and return to themselves, and gird your bare poll with big curls on this side and on that. You would think the Hermeros of Cydas is standing between Spendo- phorus and Telesphorus.^ Will you, please, in simpler fashion confess yourself old, so as after all to appear a single person ? Nothing is more unsightly than a bald man covered with hair.^ LXXXIV Do you wonder why Afer does not go to bed? You see, Caedicianus, the lady with whom he reclines at table. LXXXV Now grown old, Ladon, the master of a boat on Tiber, bought some land near his beloved stream. xxvi. Hermeros is unknown, and may be someone so called on account of his ugliness and baldness. ' cf, V. xlix. on a similar subject. I 219 I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quae cum saepe vagus premeret torrentibus undis Thybris et hiberno rumperet arva lacu, emeritam puppim, ripa quae stabat in alta, inplevit saxis opposuitque vadis. sic nimias avertit aquas, quis credere posset ? auxilium domino mersa carina tulit. LXXXVI Nemo nova caluit sic inflammatus amica, flagravit quanto Laurus amore pilae. sed qui primus erat lusor dum floruit aetas, nunc postquam desit ludere, prima pila est. LXXXVII OcTOBREs age sentiat Kalendas facundi pia Roma Restituti : Unguis omnibus et favete votis ; natalem colimus, tacete lites. absit cereus aridi clientis, et vani triplices brevesque mappae expectent gelidi iocos Decembris. certent muneribus beatiores : Agrippae tumidus negotiator Cadmi municipes ferat lacernas ; 10 pugnorum reus ebriaeque noctis cenatoria mittat advocato ; ' cf. II. xliii. 6. L. is now good for notliing. Or perhaps the allusion may be to his dilapidated appearance through poverty. 220 BOOK X. i.xxxv-Lxxxvii As Tiber often o'erflowing was drowning it with rushing waters, and with a winter flood usurping the tilled fields, he filled with stones his boat, now past service, that stood on the high bank, and opposed it as a barrier to the waters. So lie averted the deluge. Who could believe it.? The sinking of his ship brought succour to its owner 1 LXXXVI No man has been so inflamed with ardour for a new mistress as Laurus has been fired with the delight of playing at ball. But he, who was a prime player while life was in its bloom, now he has ceased to play is a prime dummy.i LXXXVII Come, let duteous Rome recognise October's, kalends, the birthday of eloquent Restitutus^: with all your tongues, and in all your prayers, utter well- omened words ; we keep a birthday, be still, ye law- suits! Away with the needy client's wax taper ! and let useless three-leaved tablets and curt napkins wait for the jollity of cold December.^ Let richer men vie in gifts : let Agrippa's ■* pompous tradesman bring mantles, the fellow-citizens of Cadmus^ ; let the de- fendant in a charge of assault and drunkenness at night send his counsel dinner-suits. Has a slandered ^ An advocate, perhaps the Claudius R. spoken of by Pliny (A'p. III. ix. 16) as "vir exercitatus et vigilans, tt quamlibci suhiiin paratus." ' * " Away with rubbishy gifts : let every one send his P best ! " •• In the Saepta where were fashionable shops : cf. Il.'xiv. 5; IX. lix. 1. 8 ,• g Tyrian. 221 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL infamata virum puella vicit ? veros sardonychas, sed ipsa tradat ; mirator veterum senex avorum 15 donet Phidiaci toreuma caeli ; venator leporem, colonus liaedum, piscator ferat aequorum rapinas. si mittit sua quisque, quid poetam missurum tibi. Restitute, credis ? 20 LXXXVIII Omnes persequeris praetorum, Cotta, libellos ; accipis et ceras. officiosus homo es. LXXXIX I UNO labor, Polyclite, tuus et gloria felix, Phidiacae cuperent quam meruisse manus, ore nitet tanto quanto superasset in Ide iudice convictas non dubitante deas. lunonem, Polyclite, suam nisi frater amaret, 5 lunonem poterat frater amare tuam. xc Quid vellis vetulum, Ligeia, cunnum? quid busti cineres tui lacessis ? tales raunditiae decent puellas (nam tu iam nee anus potes videri) ; istud, crede mihi, Ligeia, belle 5 non mater facit Hectoris, sed uxor. ' cf. IV. xxxix. 4. 2 This ep. is unintelligible (Friedlauder). It depends on ihe meaning of iilelloa. 222 BOOK X. Lxxxvii-xc young wife defeated her husband ? Let her bestow, and with her own hands, genuine sardonyxes. Let the old admirer of ancient days give chased plate of ^ Phidias' chisel/ the hunter a hare, the farmer a kid, the fisher bring the spoil of the sea. If every man send his own peculiar gift, what do you think, Re- stitutus, a poet will send you ? LXXXVIII You run after all the announcements of trials be- fore the Praetor, Cotta, and you accept note books. You are an attentive person ! - LXXXIX Juno, thy work, Polyclitus, bringing thee proud glory, such as the hands of Phidias might be eager to have won, shines in beauty such as on Ida would have o'ercome the goddesses condemned by no hesi- tating judge. -^ Did not her brotiier * love his own Juno, Polyclitus, that brother might well have loved this Juno of thine I XC Whv, Ligeia, do you depilate your aged chai-msf Why do you stir the ashes of your dead self.'' Such trickings befit young girls (for you cannot now seem to be even an old crone) ; that which you do, Ligeia. believe me, is not pretty in Hector's mother, only ' Paris, who adjudged Venus to be more beautiful than Juno or Minerva. * Jupiter. 223 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL erras si tibi cunnus hie videtur, ad quem mentula pertinere de&it. quare si pudor est, Ligeia, noli barbam vellere mortuo leoni. 10 XCI Omnes eunuchos habet Almo nee arrigit ipse et queritur pariat quod sua Polla nihil. XCII Mari, quietae cultor et comes vitae, quo cive prisca gloriatur Atina, has tibi gemellas barbari decus luci conmendo pinus ilicesque Faunorum et semidocta vilici manu structas Tonantis aras horridique Silvani, quas pinxit agni saepe sanguis aut haedi, dominamque sancti virginem deam templi, et quem sororis hospiteni vides castae Martem mearuni principeni Kalendarum, 10 et delicatae laureum nemus Florae, in quod Priapo persequente confugit. hoc omne agelli mite parvuli numen seu tu cruore sive ture placabis, *' LJbicumque vester Martialis est," dices 15 " hac ecce mecum dextera litat vobis absens sacerdos ; vos putate praesentem et date duobus quidquid alter optabit." * t'.e. do not seek to stir passion now dead. 224 BOOK X. xc-xcii in his wife. You are mistaken if you tliink those are charms, when gallantry has ceased to concern itself with them. So, if you liave any shame, Ligeia, forbear to pluck the beard of a dead lion.^ XCI Almo has eunuchs all about him, and he himself is inefficient, and yet he complains that his Polla produces nothing. XCII Marius, votary of that quiet life you shared with me, citizen in whom ancient Atina makes her boast, these twin pines, the ornament of an untrimmed wood, I commend to you,- and the holm-oaks of the Fawns, and the altars, built by my bailiff's unprac- tised hand, of the Thunderer and of shaggy Sil- ' vanus, that oft the blood of lamb or goat has stained ; and the virgin goddess,^ queen of her hallowed shrine, and him whom you see, his pure sister's guest, Mars, who rules my birthday kalends ; and the laurel grove of dainty Flora, whereinto she fled when Priapus pursued. To all these gentle deities of my small field, whoe'er they be, whom you propitiate, whether with blood or incense, you shall say: "Wherever j^our Martial is, behold, by this right hand with me he sacrifices to you, an absent priest. Deem ye tliat he is here, and grant to both whatever either sliall pray for ! " ' Martial, being about to return to Spain, commends to M. the Nonientan farm, and the duty of keeping up its sacred rites. ^ Diana. 225 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCIII Si prior Euganeas, Clemens, Helicaonis oras pictaque pampineis videris arva iugis, perfer Atestinae nondum vulgata Sabinae carmina, purpurea sed modo culta toga. ut rosa delectat metitur quae pollice primo, sic nova nee mento sordida charta iuvat. XCIV NoN mea Massylus servat pomaria serpens, regius Alcinoi nee mihi servit ager, sed Nomentana securus germinat hortus arbore, nee furem plumbea mala timent, haec igitur media quae sunt modo nata Subura mittimus autumni cerea poma mei. XCV Infantem tibi vir, tibi-, Galla, remisit adulter, hi, puto, non dubie se futuisse negant. XCVI Saepe loquar nimium gentes quod, Avite, remotas miraris, Latia factus in urbe senex, auriferumque Tagum sitiam patriumque Salonem at repetam saturae sordida rura casae. ^ Euganei was the old name of the inhabitants of Venetia. Helicaon was the son of Antenor who founded Patavium (Padua). ^ iugum is regularly used by Columella of the trellis to which the vine shoots were fastened. * cf. i. Ixvi. 8. m\ 226 BOOK X. xciii-xcvi XCIII I If before me^ Clemens, you shall behold Helicaon's Euganean shores/ and the fields decked with vine- clad trelliseSj^ carry to Sabina of Atesta poems, un- published as yet, and that too newly arrayed in purple wrapper. As the rose delights us that is first plucked by the finger, so a sheet pleases when 'tis new and unsoiled by the chin.^ XCIV No Massylian serpent* guards my orchard, nor does the royal plantation of Alcinous^ serve my wants, but my garden burgeons in security with its Nomentan fruit-trees, and my poor fruits dread no thief. So I send you these yellow apples of my autumn crop, freshly grown — in the midst of the Subura.^ xcv Your husband, Galla, has sent you back the babe, your lover has sent it back. They, 1 think, in no doubtful fashion deny connection. XCVI You often wonder, Avitus," why I speak overmuch of nations very far off, though I have grown old in Latium's city, and long for gold-be;iring Tagus and my native Salo, and look back to the rough fields of * That guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides : cf. XIII. xxxvii. * cf. vir. xlii. 6. ^ i.e. bought thereby M., as his oAvn farm at Nomentum produced nothing worth sending : cf. vii. xxxi. 12. ' ef. IX. i. E-p. 227 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ilia placet tellus in qua res parva beatum 5 me facit et tenues luxuriantur 'opes ; pascit.ur hie, ibi pascit ager ; tepet igne maligno hie focus, ingenti lumine lucet ibi ; hie pretiosa fames conturbatorque macellus, mensa ibi divitiis ruris operta sui ; 10 qiiattuor hie aestate togae pluresve teruntur, autumnis ibi me quattuor una tegit. i, cole nunc reges, quidquid non praestat amicus cum praestare tibi possit, Avite, locus. XCVII DuM levis arsura struitur Libitina papyro, dian murram et casias flebilis uxor emit, iam scrobe, iam lecto, iam pollinctore parato, heredem scripsit me Numa : convaluit. XCVIII Addat cum mihi Caecubum minister Idaeo resolutior cinaedo, quo nee filia cultior nee uxor nee mater tua nee soror recumbit, vis spectem potius tuas lucernas 5 aut eitrum vetus Indicosque denies ? suspectus tibi ne tameu recumbam, pi'aesta de grege sordidaque villa tonsos horridulos rudes pusillos hircosi mihi filios subulci. 10 perdet te dolor hie : habere, Publi, mores non potes hos et hos ministros. 328 BOOK X. xcvi-xcviii a fruitful country-house. That land is dear to me wherein small means make me rich, and a slender store is luxury. The soil is maintained ^ here, there it maintains you ; here your hearth is scarcely warm with its grudging fire, with a mighty blaze it shines there. Here hunger is dear and the market makes you bankrupt, there stands a table covered with its own country's wealth. Here four togas or more grow threadbare in a summer, there during four autumns one covers me. Go to, now ! and pay court to great men, when a place can afford you, Avitus, whatever a friend does not afford ' XCVII While the lightly-heaped pyre was being laid with papyrus for the flame,^ while his weeping wife was buying myrrh and casia, when now the grave, when now the bier, when now the anointer was ready, Numa wrote me down his heir, and — got well ! XCVIII When an attendant more voluptuous than the cupbearer of Ida ^ pours out my Caecuban, one than whom your daughter or wife, or mother or sister, is no smarter as she reclines at table, do you wish me instead to look at your lamps, or at your antique table of citrus-wood and its ivory legs ? Neverthe- less, that I may not be suspected by you at your table, produce for me from the throng in your rough farm- stead some short-haired, unkempt, clownish, puny fel- lows, sons of a malodorous swineherd. This jealousy of yours will betray you ! You cannot, Publius, possess such morals and such servants at once. ' cf. X. Iviii. 9. ' cf. VIII. xliv. 14. ' Ganymede. 229 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCIX Si Romana forent haec Socratis ora, fuissent lulius in Saturis qualia Rufus habet. Quid, stulte, nostris versibus tuos misces ? cum litigante quid tibi, miser, libro ? quid congregare cum leonibus volpes aquilisque similes facere noctuas quaeris ? habeas licebit alteram pedem Ladae, 5 inepte, frustra crure ligneo curris. CI Ei-Ysio redeat si forte remissus ab agro ille suo felix Caesare Gabba vetus, qui Capitolinum pariter Gabbamque iocantes audierit, dicet " Rustice Gabba, tace." CXI Qua factus ratione sit requiris, qui numquam futuit, pater Philinus ? Gaditanus, Avite, dicat istud, qui scribit nihil et tamen poeta est. cm MuNiciPES, Augusta mihi quos Bilbilis acri monte creat, rapidis quem Salo cingit aquis, ^ Possibly on a portrait of R. as a frontispiece to his Satires. The portrait is as ugly as Socrates. Others, however, suggest »?i Hatyria ' ' amid a group of satyrs. " 230 BOOK X. xcix-ciii XCIX If this face of Socrates had been a Roman's, it would have been just what Julius Rufus presents in his Satires.' c I Why, you fool, do you mix your verses with mine ? What have you, wretched fellow, to do with a book that is at odds with you ? ^ Why do 3^ou try to herd foxes with lions, and to make owls like eagles ? You may possess one foot as swift as Ladas/ yet, you stupid, you run in vain with a leg of wood. CI If, by chance sent back from the Elysian fields, the old Gabba,* fortunate in his master, Caesar, were to return, he who hears Capitolinus * and Gabba in j a jesting match will say : "Boorish Gabba, hold your ' tongue ! " CII Do you ask how it comes that Philinus, who never sleeps with his wife, is yet a father.? Gaditanus must answer that, Avitus : he writes nothing, and yet he is "a poet." I cm j Fellow-townsmen, the children of Augustan Bil- bilis on its keen hillside, which Salo girds with 2 cf. I. liii. 3. ^ A celebrated Spartan runner, and winner at Olympia : tcj. II. Ixxxvi. 8. ^ The jester of the Emperor Augustus : cf. i xli. 16. ' Trajan's jester. 231 1 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ecquid laeta iuvat vestri vos gloria vatis? nam decus et nomen famaque vestra sumus, nee sua plus debet tenui Verona Catullo 5 meque velit dici non minus ilia suum. quattuor accessit tricesima messibus aestas, ut sine me Cereri rustica liba datis, moenia dum colimus dominae pulcherrima Romae : mutavere meas Itala regna comas. 1^ excipitis placida reducem si mente, venimus ; aspera si geritis corda, redire licet. CTf I NOSTRO comes, i, libelle, Flavo longum per mare, sed faventis undae, et cursu facili tuisque ventis Hispanae pete Tarraconis arces : illinc te rota toilet et citatus 5 altam Bilbilin et tuum Salonem quinto forsitan essedo videbis. quid mandem tibi quaeris ? ut sodales paucos, sed veteres et ante brumas triginta mihi quattuorque visos 10 ipsa protinus a via salutes et nostrum admoneas subinde Flavum iucundos mihi nee laboriosos secessus pretio paret salubri, qui pigrum fociant tuum parentem. 15 haec sunt, iam tumidus vocat magister castigatque moras, et aura portum laxavit melior : vale, libelle : navem, scis, puto, non moratur unus. 232 BOOK X. ciii-civ hurrying waters, does the glad renown of your bard delight you ? For I am your glory and repute, and your fame, and his own Verona owes no more to elegant Catullus, and would wish me to be called no less her own son. A thirtieth summer has been added to four harvests since without me you offered to Ceres rustic cakes, while I have so- journed within the fair walls of mistress Rome ; the realm of Italy has grizzled my locks. If you greet me with gentle will on my return, I come to you ; if you carry churlish hearts, I can go baek.^ CIV Go, fellow wayfarer of my Flavus ; go, little book, over the wide sea — but when the wave befriends you — and, on easy course and with breezes all your own, seek the heights of Spanish Tarraco. From there the wheel will carry you, and, rapidly borne, you will perchance at the fifth stage see high-set Bilbilis and your Salo. Ask you what is my charge to you ? That you greet, even as you are on the way, my comrades — few are they, but old ones, and last seen by me now thirty and four winters back — and now and then remind my Flavus that he procure for me at a wholesome price some retreat, pleasant and not hard to keep up, which may make a lazy man of your begetter. This is my charge. Already the skipper calls in blustering tones, and is blaming the delay, and a fairer wind has opened the har- bour. Farewell, little book : you know, I think, one passenger does not delay a vessel. ^ M. appears to anticipate jealousy : cf. xii. Ep. 233 BOOK XI LIBER UNDECIMUS Quo tu, quo, liber otiose, tendis eultus Sidone ^ non cotidiana ? numquid Parthenium videre ? certe : vadas et redeas inevolutus. libros non legit ille sed libellos ; 5 nee Musis vacat, aut suis vacaret. ecquid te satis aestimas beatuni, contingunt tibi si manus minores ? vicini pete porticum Quirini : turbam non habet otiosiorem 10 Pompeius vel Agenoris puella, vel primae dominus levis carinae. sunt illic duo tresve qui revolvant nostrarum tineas ineptiarura, sed cum sponsio fabulaeque lassae 15 de Scorpo fuerint et Incitato. II Triste supercilium durique severa Catonis frons et aratoris filia Fabricii ^ sindone 0. ' He probably read these on behalf of the Emperor. ' The Temple of Quirinus near M.'s house ; cf. x. Iviii. 10. ' The references are respectively to the Porticus Pompeii {cf. II. xiv. 10) ; the Porticus Europae {cf. ii. xiv, 15) ; and 236 BOOK XI Where, where are you going, idle book, smart in purple not of every day ? Can it be to see Parthenius ? No doubt : go and return unopened ; publications he does not read, only petitions,^ nor has he leisure for the Muses, or he would have leisure for his own. Do you not think yourself fortunate enough if lesser hands may await yon ? Make for Quirinus' Colonnade ^ hard by ; a crowd more idle not Pompey contains, nor Agenor's daughter, nor the in- constant captain of the first ship.^ There are two or three there who may unroll my twaddle, fit only for worms, but only when the bet and languid tales about Scorpiis and Incitatus ■* are done with. TI Forbidding frowns, and rigid Cato's brow austere, and the daughter of Fabricius^ the ploughman, and the PorlicuB Argonautarum [cf. ii. xiv. 6). Jason is called levis because of liis conduct to Medea. * Charioteers : cf. X. 1. and X. Ixxvi. 9. ^ Fabricius, a type of the old Roman simplicity of life. On account of their poverty, his daughters were dowered by the Senate. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et personati fastus-et regula morum, quidquid et in tenebris non sumus, ite foras. clamant ecce mei " lo Saturnalia" versus : et licet et sub te praeside, Nerva, libet. lectores tetrici salebrosum ediscite Santram : nil mihi vobiscum est : iste liber meus est. Ill Non urbana mea tantum Pimpleide gaudent otia, nee vacuis auribus ista damus^ sed meus in Geticis ad Martia signa pruinis a rigido teritur centurione liber, dicitur et nostros cantare Britannia versus. 5 qui^ prodest ? nescit sacculus ista meus. at quam victuras poterarnus pangere chartas quaTitaque Pieria proelia flare tuba, cum pia reddiderint Augustum numina terris, et Maecenatem si tibi, Roma, darent ! ^ 10 IV Sacra laresque Phrygum, quos Troiae maluit heres quam rapere arsuras Laomedontis opes, scriptus et aeterno nunc primum luppiter auro et soror et summi filia tota patris, * darent Heins., daret codd. ' Who succeeded to the Empire in Oct. 96 A.D., this book being puljlished at the Saturnalia in December. ^ A Roman grammarian in the time of Julius Caesar. He wrote a treatise on famous men, and a grammatical work, De I'erbornm antiquiiate. He is mentioned by later writers, including Jerome. 2 3« I BOOK XI. ii-iv masked Conceit, and Propriety, and all things which in our private lives we are not, get ye gone ! See, my verses cry "Ho for the Saturnalia!" 'tis allowed, and under you, Nerva,^ our Governor, 'tis our joy as well. Ye strait-laced readers, learn by heart rugged Santra ^ : I have nothing to do with you : this book is mine ! Ill 'Tis not city idleness alone that delights in my Muse, nor do I give these epigrams to vacant ears, but my book, amid Getic frosts, beside martial stand- ards, is thumbed by the hardy centurion, and Britain is said to hum my verses. What profit is it .'' My money-bag knows nothing of that. But what im- mortal pages could I frame, and of wars how mighty could I blow my Pierian trump, if the kindly deities, now they have restored Augustus^ to earth, were also, Rome, to give you a Maecenas ! IV Ye sacred symbols and native gods of Phrygia, whom Troy's heir* chose to rescue rather than Lao- medon's wealth doomed to the fire, and thou, Jupiter, now for the first time depicted in everlasting gold,^ and thou, sister and daughter — all his own ^ — of the ' i.e. the Emperor Nerva. * Aeneas at the burning of Troy. * Some representation of Jupiter placed by Nerva in tlie Temple on the Capitol. Attemo = ne-ver again to be destroyed by fire. * Juno and Minerva, the latter being "all his own," as having sprung from his head. 239 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et qui purpureis iam tertia nomina fastis, lane, refers Nervae, vos precor ore pio : hunc omnes servate duceni, servate senatum ; moribus hie vivat principis, ille suis. Tanta tibi est recti reverentia, Caesar, at aequi quanta Numae fuerat : sed Numa pauper erat. ardua res haec est, opibus non tradere mores et, cum tot Croesos viceris, esse Numam. si redeant veteres, ingentia nomina, patres, 5 Elysium liceat si vacuare nemus, te colet invictus pro libertate Camillus, auinim Fabricius te tribuente volet; te duce gaudebit Brutus, tibi Sulla cruentus imperium tradet, cum positurus erit ; 10 et te privato cum Caesare Magnus amabit, donabit totas et tibi Crassus opes, ipse quoque infernis revocatus Ditis ab umbris si Cato reddatur, Caesarianus erit. VI Unctis falciferi senis diebus, regnator quibus inperat fritillus, versu ludere non laborioso ' Nerva being consul for the third time. The consular records were kept in tlie Temple of Janus : cf. viii. Ixvi. 11. ^ The legendary second king of Rome. ^ The conqueror of Veil, and rescuer of Rome from the Gauls. ■* Who refused the presents of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. * M. credits S. with patriotism. As a fact S. abdicated the dictatorship in B.C. 79 at the height of his power, as he 240 » BOOK XI. iv-vi Almighty Sire, and thou, Janus, who for the third time now addest Nerva's name to the annals of the purple,^ 'tis to you I pray with pious utterance. This our Chief preserve ye all, preserve ye the Senate ; by its Prince's pattern may it live, he by his own ! As great is thy reverence for right and justice, Caesar, as was Numa's, but Numa^ was poor. 'Tis a hard task this, not to sacrifice manners to wealth, and, though thou hast surpassed many a Croesus, to be a Numa. Were our sires of old, mighty names, to return, were it allowed to empty the Elysian grove, to thee Camillus,^ liberty's unconquered champion, will pay his court, gold at thy giving will Fabricius ^ accept, in thee as captain will Brutus be glad, to thee bloody Sulla will resign his power when he shall seek to lay it down ; ^ and thee the Great Captain, allied with Caesar, only a private citizen, will love, and Crassus*' will bestow on thee all his wealth. Cato,'^ too, himself, were he called back to return from the nether shades of Dis, will be Caesar's partizan. VI On the old Scythe- bearer's ^ feastful days, whereof the dice-box ^ is king and lord, you, cap- had exterminated all his opponents and superstitiously fearing to trespass further on the kindness of Fortune, whose child he regarded himself. * A member of the first Triumvirate (Pompey, Crassus and Caesar) and one of tiie richest Romans. ' Who committed suicide rather than submit to Julius Caesar, * Saturn, who gave his name to the Saturnalia. * Gambling was allowed at the Saturnalia: cf. v. Ixxxiv. 5. 241 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL permittis, puto, pilleata Roma. risisti ; licet ergo, non vetamur. 5 pallentes procul hinc abite curae ; quidquid venerit obvium loquamur morosa sine cogitatione. misce dimidiosj puer, trientes, quales P^'thagoras dabat Neroni, 10 misce, Dindyme, sed frequentiores : possum nil ego sobrius ; bibenti succurrent mihi quindecim poetae. da nunc basia, sed Catulliana : quae si tot fuerint quot ille dixit, 15 donabo tibi Passerem CatuUi. VII Iam certe stupido non dices, Paula, marito, ad moeclmm quotiens longius ire voles, "Caesar in Albanum iussit me mane venire, Caesar Circeios." iam stropha talis abit. Penelopae licet esse tibi sub principe Nerva : 5 sed prohibet scabies ingeniumque vetus. infelix, quid ages ? aegram simulabis amicam ? haerebit dominae vir comes ipse suae, ibit et ad fi*atrem tecum matremque patremque. quas igitur fraudes ingeniosa pares? 10 diceret hystericam se forsitan altera moecha in Sinuessano velle sedere lacu. quanto tu melius, quotiens placet ire fututum, quae verum mavis dicere, Paula, viro I ^ The pilleum, or cap of liberty worn by manumitted slaves {cf. ii. Ixviii. 4) was also generally worn at the Saturnalia. It was a symbol of licence. Thus, on the death of Nero, the common people assumed it, and ran about the whole city : Suet. Nero ivii. 243 BOOK XI. vi-vii clad^ Rome, allow me, I wot, to trifle in verse un- toilsome. You have smiled : I may then, I am not forbidden. Ye pallid cares, far hence away ! what- ever comes to my mind let me speak without wrinkled meditation. Blend, boy, cups half and half, such as Pythagoras ^ offered Nero ; blend them, thou, Dindymus,^ and that more oft ; nothini;; sober can I do : as I drink a fifteen-poets power will bear me up. Give me kisses now, and by Catullus's measure ; if they be as many as he said, I will give thee a Sparrow of Catullus.* VII Now at least you will not say, Paula, to your dolt of a husband, every time you want to go to a lover at a distance, " Caesar bade me come in the morning to his Alban villa, Caesar bade me come to Circeii." Now such a manoeuvre is off. 'Tis lawful for you to be a Penelope under Nerva as chief, but your itch and inveterate bent forbid you. Unfortunate woman, what will you do.'' Will you pretend the sickness of a friend ? Your husband in person mil cling to his dame's skirts, and will go with you to brother and mother and father. What fraud then would your ingenuity devise ? Another wanton would perhaps say she is hysterical, and wished to sit in Sinuessa's baths. How much better is your practice whenever you have a mind to stray ! You, Paula, prefer to tell your husband the truth ! * Nero's cupbearer, with wliom he went through the form of marriage : rf. Suet. Nero xxix. ; Tac. Ann. xv. 37. ' M.'s attendant : cf. x. xlii. •• C. asked Lesbia for thousands of kisses (Cat. v. 7-9) ; he ik aiso wrote a poem (Cat. ill.) on the deatli of her sparrow. I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL VIII Lassa quod nesterni spirant opobalsama dracti,^ ultima quod curvo quae cadit aura croco ; poma quod hiberna maturescentia capsa, arbore quod verna luxuriosus ager ; de Palatinis dominae quod Serica prelis, 5 ■ sucina vir<j;iiiea quod regelata manu ; ampbora quod nigri, sed longe, fracta Falerni, quod qui Sicanias detinet hortus apes ; quod Cosmi redolent alabastra focique deorum, quod modo divitibus lapsa corona comis : 10 singula quid dicam ? non sunt satis ; omnia misce : boo fragrant pueri basia mane mei. scire cupis nomen ? si propter basia, dicam. iurasti. nimium scire, Sabine, cupis. IX Clarus fronde lovis, Romani fama coturni, spiral Apellea redditus arte Memor. CoNTULiT ad saturas ingentia pectora Turnus. cur non ad Memoris carmina ? frater erat. XI ToLLE, puer, calices tepidique toreumata Nili et niihi secura pocula trade manu ^ dracti Housman for drauci; SpaKTog, a vase: see new edition of Liddell and Scott. ^ Which was sprinkled about the theatre or amphitheatre : cf. V. XXV. 8 ; viu. xxxiii. 4. * He swears too eagerly, and M, withholds the name, 244 BOOK XL vin-xi VIII Breath of balm from phials of yesterday, of the last effluence that falls from a curving jet of saffron ; l perfume of apples ripening in their winter chest, of the field lavish with the leafage of spring ; of Augusta's silken robes from Palatine presses, of amber warmed by a maiden's hand ; of a jar of dark Falernian shattered, but far off, of a garden that stays therein Sicilian bees ; the scent of Cosmus' alabaster boxes, and of the altars of the gods ; of a chaplet fallen but now from a rich man's locks — why should I speak of each ? Not enough are they : mix them all ; such is the fragrance of my boy's kisses at morn. Would you learn his name? If the kisses only make you ask, I will tell you. You have sworn. You want to know too much, Sabinus!^ IX Illustrious in Jove' ^ leafage,^ Memor, the glory of the Roman buskin, breathes here, rendered by Apelles' art. X TuRNUS* brought to Satire a mighty intellect, why not to Memor's song.'' He was his brother. XI Away, boy, with chalices and embossed glasses from the warm Nile, and offer me with fearless hand the ^ c/. IV. i. 6. Menior was a tragic poet, and brother of Turnus in the next epigram. *./. VII. xcvii. 8. As to Memor see preceding epigram. Turnus would not compete with his own brother. 245 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL trita patrum labris et tonso pura ministro ; anticus mensis restituatur honor, te potare decet gemma qui Mentora frangis 5 in scaphium moechaCj Sardanapalle, tuae. XII lus tibi natorum vel septem, Zoile, detur, dum matrem nemo det tibi, nemo patrem. XIII QuisQUis Flaminiam teris, viator, noli nobile praeterire marmor. urbis deliciae salesque Nili, ars et gratia, lusus et voluptas, Romani decus et dolor thealri 5 atque omnes Veneres Cupidinesque hoc sunt condita, quo Paris, sepulchre. Heredes, nolite brevem sepelire colonum :* nam terra est illi quantulacumque gravis. XV Sunt chartae mihi quas Catonis uxor et quas horribiles legant Sabinae : ' Not by the ringleted minion of the day. ^ rf. IV. xxxix. 5 ; ix. lix. 16. ' cf. II. xci. 6. * He is a mere terrae filius, a homo non natus, i.e. of no account : c/. viii. Ixiv. 18. 246 I BOOK XI. xi-xv cups worn by our father's lips and cleansed by a short- haired attendant : ^ let its old-world honour be given back to the board. It becomes you to drink from a jewelled cup, who break up Mentor's ^ handiwork to shape, Sardanapallus, an utensil for your mistress. XII Let the rights of a father of sons,^ even of seven, be granted you, Zoilus — provided no man assign you a mother, no man a father.^ XIII Whoe'er thou art, traveller, that treadest the Flaminian Way, give heed not to pass by a noble monument. The delight of the city and the wit of Nile, incarnate art and grace, frolic and joy, the fame and the affliction of Rome's theatre, and all the Venuses and Cupids,^ are buried in this tomb where Paris ^ lies. XIV Ye heirs, do not bury the dwarf farmer; for any earth would be heavy upon him.^ XV I HAVE writings that Cato's wife and that grim Sabine dames might read ; I wish this little book ' ' An echo of Catullus, iii. 1. " A famous actor of mimes, put to death by Domitian because of an intrigue with Domitia, the Empress : cf. Suet. Dom. iii. ' A common wish was "■ail tibi terra levis": cf. v. xxxiv. 9; IX. xxix. 11. 247 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL hie totus volo rideat libellus et sit nequior omnibus libellis. qui vino madeat nee erubescat 5 pingui sordidus esse Cosmiano, ludat cum pueris, amet puellas, nee per circuitus loquatur illam, ex qua nascimur, omnium parentem, quam sanctus Numa mentulam voeabat. 10 versus hos tamen esse tu memento Saturnalicios, Apollinaris : mores non habet hie meos libellus. XVI Qui gravis es nimium, potes hinc iam^ leetor, abire quo libet : urbanae scripsimus ista togae ; iam ^ mea Lampsaeio laseivit pagina versu et Tartesiaea concrepat aera manu. o quotiens rigida pulsabis pallia vena, 5 sis gravior Curio Fabricioque licet ! tu quoque nequitias nostri lususque libelli uda, puella, leges, sis Patavina licet, erubuit posuitque meum Lucretia librum, sed coram Bruto ; Brute, recede : leget. 10 XVII NoN omnis nostri noeturna est pagina libri : invenies et quod mane, Sabine, legas. ^ nam, y, ^ cf. III. Iv. 1. "^ The second legendary king of Rome. ^ The same caution is found in i. iv. 8. * i.e. Priapean, L. being a town on the Hellespont where Priapus was worshipped. 248 BOOK XL xv-xvii to laugh from end to end, and be naughtier than all my little books. Let it be drenched in wine and not ashamed to be stained with rich Cosmian ^ unguents ; let it play with the boys, love the girls, and in no roundabout phrase speak of that where- from we are born, the parent of all, which hallowed Numa '^ called by its own name. Yet remember that these verses are of the Saturnalia, Apollinaris : this little book does not express ^ my own morals. XVI You, reader, who are too strait-laced, can now go away from here whither you will : I wrote these verses for the citizen of wit ; now my page wantons in verse of Lampsacus,^ and beats the timbrel with the hand of a figurante of Tartessus.^ Oh, how often will you with your ardour disarrange your garb,^ though you may be more strait-laced than Curius and Fabricius ! You also, O girl, may, when in your cups, read the naughtiness and sportive sallies of my little book, though you may be from Patavium.''^ Lucretia ^ blushed and laid down my volume ; but Brutus was present. Brutus, go away : she will read it. XVII Not every page of my book is for reading at night ; you will find, too, what you may read in the morning,^ Sabinus. ' i.e. of a female dancer from Gades : cf, v. Ixxviii. 26. ' For the idea cf. Catullus, xxxii. 11. ' Where the women had the reputation of chastity: cf. vi. xlii. 4. * Put here as symbolical of chastity. * i.e. when you are sober. VOL. n. I ^49 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XVIII DoNASTi, Lupe, rus sub urbe nobis ; sed vus est niihi maius in fenestra. rus hoc dicere, rus potes vocare ? in quo ruta facit nemus Dianae, argutae tegit ala quod cicadae, quod formica die comedit uno, clusae cui folium rosae corona est ; in quo non magis invenitur herba quam Cosmi folium piperve crudum ; in quo nee cucumis iacere rectus 10 nee serpens habitare tota possit. urucam male pascit hortus unam, consumpto moritur culix salicto^ et talpa est niihi fossor atque arator. non boletus hiare, non mariscae 15 ridere aut violae patere possunt. finis mus populatur et colono tamquam sus Calydonius timetur, et sublata volantis ungue Procnes in nido seges est hirundinino ; 20 et cum stet sine falce mentulaque, non est dimidio locus Priapo. vix implet cocleam peracta messis, et mustum nuce condimus picata. errastij Lupe, littera sed una : 25 nam quo tempore praedium dedisti, mallem tu mihi prandium dedisses. ^ "A leaf of rue" seems to have been proverbial for a narrow space : Petr. 37, 68 ; cf. also xi. xxxi. 17. * The swallow. 250 BOOK XI. xvin XVIII You have given me, Lupus, a suburban farm, but I have a bigger farm in my window. A farm can you call this, style this a farm, wherein a plant of rue ^ forms a grove of Diana^ which the wing of a shrill cicala covers, which an ant eats up in a single day ; for which a shut rose's petal would be a canopy ; wherein grass is no more found than a leaf for Cosmus' per- fumes or green pepper ; wherein a cucumber cannot lie straight, nor a snake harbour its whole length .'' The garden gives short commons to a single cater- pillar ; a gnat, when it has consumed the willoAV, expires, and a mole is my ditcher and ploughman. I No mushroom can swell, no figs can split, or violets expand. My borders a mouse ravages, and is feared by the tenant as much as a Calydonian boar, and my crop, lifted by the claws of flying Procne,^ lies in a swallow's nest ; and, though he stands shorn of his sickle and his appurtenances, there is no room by half for Priapus. My harvest, when gathered, hardly fills a snail-shell, and we store the must in a pitch-sealed nut. You have made a mistake. Lupus, but only by one letter ; for when you gave me a fee I would you had given me a feed.^ ^ Lupus gave a praedium (land), and M. wanted a prandium (lunch), the diti'erence being the letter n. "Fee" in law means an estate in land that descends to the holder's heir ; here used in the sense of landed property. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XIX QuAERis cur nolim te ducere, Galla ? diserta es. saepe soloecismum mentula nostra facit. XX Caesaris Augusti lascivos, livide, versus sex lege, qui tristis verba Latina legis : "Quod futuit Glaphyran Antonius, hanc mihi poenam Fulvia constituit, se quoque uti futuam. Fulviam ego ut futuam ? quod si me Manius oret 5 pedicem, faciani ? non puto, si sapiam. * Aut futue, aut pugnemus ' ait. quid quod mihi vita carior est ipsa mentula ? signa canant I " absolvis lepidos nimirum, Auguste, libellos, qui scis Romana simplicitate loqui. 10 XXI LvDiA tam laxa est equitis quam cuius aeni, quam celer arguto qui sonat acre trochus, ^ cf. Juv. vi. 456, solotcismwn liceat fecisse marito, of the husband of a learned wife. But here M. adds an obscene sense. ^ A beautiful hetaera, whose charms procured her son Archelaus at the hands of Antony the kingdom of Cappadocia. ^ These lines are historically interesting as giving the explanation attributed to Octavius of the origin of the civil war between him and Antony, namely, pique on the part of Fulvia, Antony's wife, at the rejection b}^ Octavius of her advances. Montaigne (iii. 12) refers to them as showing for how small causes great emperoi s will go to war. The scene between Fulvia and Octavius was depicted on a 252 BOOK XI. xix-xxi XIX Do you ask why I am loth to marry you, Galla ? You are a blue-stocking. My manhood often com- mits a solecism.! XX Read six wanton verses of Caesar Augustus, you spiteful fellow, who with a sour face read words of Latin : " Because Antony handles Glaphyra,^ Fulvia has ap- pointed this penalty for me, that I, too, should handle her. I to handle Fulvia? What if Manius were to implore me to treat him as a Ganymede ? Am I to do it ? I trow not, if I be wise. ' Either handle me or let us fight,' she says. And what that my person is dearer to me than my very life .'' Let the trumpets sound." ^ You justify for certain my sprightly little books, Augustus, who know how to speak with Roman bluntness.* XXI LvDiA is as widely developed as the rump of a bronze equestrian statue, as the swift hoop that re- sounds with its tinkling rings,^ as the wheel so often cameo by Arellius, probably the painter mentioned by Pliny, N.H. XXXV. 37, as having outraged his art by depicting prostitutes. Fulvia is represented as sitting nude upon a bed, and holding Octavius by the arm. He is in full armour, and is beckoning to two soldiers in the rear. The cameo has been reproduced in a rare book published at the Vatican Press in 1786, and entitled " Monumens de la vie priv^e des douze Cesars d'apr^s une suite de pierres gravies sur leur r^gne." * As to Augustus's plain speech, cf. Sitet. Awj. Ixix. * cf. XIV. clxviii. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL quam rota transmisso totiens inpacta petauro, quam vetus a crassa calceus udus aqua, quam quae rara vagos expectant retia turdos, quam Pompeiano vela negata Noto, quam quae de pthisico lapsa est armilla cinaedo, culcita Leuconico quam viduata suo, quam veteres bracae Brittonis pauperis, et quam turpe Ravennatis guttur onocrotali. 10 hanc in piscina dicor futuisse marina. nescio ; piscinam me futuisse puto. XXII MoLLiA quod nivei duro teris ore Galaesi basia, quod nudo cum Ganymede iaces, (quis negat ?) hoc nimiumst. sed sit satis ; inguina' saltern parce fututrici sollicitare manu. levibus in pueris plus haec quam mentula peccat et faciunt digiti praecipitantque virum : inde tragus celeresque pili mirandaque matri barba, nee in clara balnea luce placent. divisit natura marem : pars una puellis, una viris genita est. utere parte tua. 10 1 A very obscure line, wliich may mean " so often struck by the acrobat in his flight." The nature of the petaicr tun has never been clearly known ; sometimes it seems to be a kind of springboard or seesaw, sometimes a wheel suspended in the air : cf. II. Ixxxvi. 7. The pctformance was dangerous Fest. xiv. s.v, Petaurista, quoting Arist. Fr. 234. 254 BOOK XI. xxi-xxii struck from the extended springboard,^ as a worn- out shoe drenched by muddy water, as the wide- meshed net that lies in wait for wandering fieldfares, as an awning that does not belly to the wind ^ in Pompey's theatre, as a bracelet that has slipped from the arm of a consumptive catamite, as a pillow widowed of its Leuconian stuffing,^ as the aged breeches of a pauper Briton, and as the foul throat of a pelican * of Kavenna. This woman I am said to have embraced in a marine fishpond : I don't know ; I think I embraced the fishpond itself XXII That with your hard mouth you rub the soft lips of white-cheeked Galaesus, that you consort with a naked Ganymede, 'tis too much — who denies it ? — but let that be enough ; at least refrain from waking passions with lascivious hand. Towards beardless boys this is a greater sinner than your yard, and your fingers create and hasten manhood. Thence comes a goatish odour, and quick-springing hair, and a beard, a wonder to mothers, and baths in broad day are displeasing. Nature has separated the male : one part has been produced for girls, one for men. Use your own part. ^ cf. IX. xxxv'iii. 6. ^ c/". xiv. clix. * Described by Pliny, N.H. x. 66. By "throat" M. means the hirge pouch under the mandibles (the alterins uteri genus of I'liny's description), wliere the pelican stores its catch of fish previously to consumption. I 255 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXIII NuBERE Sila mihi nulla non lege parata est; sed Silam nulla ducere lege volo. cum tamen instaret, " Deciens mihi dotis in auro sponsa dabis " dixi ; " quid minus esse potest ? nee futuam quamvis prima te nocte maritus, communis tecum nee mihi lectus erit ; complectarque meam, nee tu prohibebis^ amicam, aiicillam mittes et mihi iussa tuam. te spectante dabit nobis lasciva minister basia, sive meus sive erit ille tuus. 10 ad cenam venies, sed sic divisa recumbes ut non tangantur pallia nostra tuis. oscula rara dabis nobis et non dabis ultro, nee quasi nupta dabis sed quasi mater anus, si potes is fa pati, si nil perferre recusas, 15 invenies qui te ducere, Sila, velit." XXIV DuM te prosequor et domum reduce, aurem dum tibi praesto garrienti, et quidquid loqueris facisque laudo, quot versus poterant, Labulle, nasci ! hoc damnum tibi non videtur esse, 5 si quod Roma legit, requirit hospes, non deridet eques, tenet senator, laudat causidicus, poeta carpit, propter te perit ? hoc, Labulle, verum est ? hoc quisquam ferat ? ut tibi tuorum 10 sit maior numerus togatulorum, librorum mihi sit minor meorum ? 256 BOOK XI. xxiii-xxiv XXIII SiLA is ready to marry me on any terms, but on no terms am I willing to take Sila to wife. Yet, when she urged me : " You shall bring me, as bride's dower, in gold a million sesterces," I said: "What can be smaller than that ? And I will have no marital re- lations with you even on the wedding-night, nor shall my bed be the same as yours ; and I will embrace my mistress, and you shall not forbid me, and, if bidden, you shall send me your own maid. Before your eyes an attendant shall give me wanton kisses, whether he is my own or yours. You shall dine with me, but you shall recline so apart from me that my robe is not touched by yours. Kisses you shall give me but rarely, and you shall not give them uninvited ; and you shall not give them like a bride, but like an aged mother. If you can suffer that, if there be nothing you refuse to endure — you will find a man, Sila, who is willing to marry you ! " XXIV While I escort you and bring you home, while I lend my ear to your babbling, and praise whatever you say and do, how many verses, Labullus, might have seen the light ! Does not this seem to you an injury if, what Rome reads, the stranger asks for, the knight does not laugh at, the senator knows by heart, the pleader praises, the poet carps at — this because of you is lost .'' Is this fair, Lal)ullus ? Is this what any man would endure ? That the number of your wretched clients should increase, of my books the number decrease ? 'Tis now almost thirty 257 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL triginta prope iam diebus una est nobis pagina vix peracta. sic fit cum cenare domi poeta non vult. 15 XXV Illa salax nimium nee paucis nota puellis "stare Lino desit mentula. lingua^ cave. XXVI O MiHi grata quies, o blanda, Telespliore, cura, qualis in amplexu non fuit ante meo, basia da nobis vetulo, puer, uda Falerno, pocula da labris facta minora tuis. addideris super liaec Veneris si gaudia vera, 5 esse neijem melius cum Ganvmede lovi. XXVII Ferreus es, si stare potest tibi mentula, Flacce, cum te sex cyathos orat arnica gari, vel duo frusta rogat cybii tenuemve lacertum nee dignam toto se botryone putat ; cui portat gaudens ancilla paropside rubra 5 allecem, sed quam protinus ilia voret ; aut cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem, sucida palliolo vellera quinque petit, at mea me libram foliati poscat amica aut virides gemmas sardonychasve pares, 10 nee nisi prima velit de Tusco Serica vico aut centum aureolos sic velut aera roget. nunc tu velle putas haec me donare puellae ? nolo, sed his ut sit digna puella volo. ^ The foliatum or nardinum Avas a choice compound of nard, myrrh, and other aromatic herbs: cf. Plin. N.H. xiii.2. 258 I BOOK XI. xxiv-xxvii days, and scarce a single page has been finished. This is the result when a poet does not wish to dine at home ! XXV QuELLA troppo salace mentola, ne nota a poche Iragazze, cessa stare a Lino : guardati, O lingua. XXVI O THOU, my pleasant solace, O thou, Telesphorus, my soothing care, whose peer has never yet lain in my embrace, give me kisses, boy, dewy with aged Falernian, give me the cup that has minished beneath thy lips. If, to crown these, thou shalt add love's true joys, then should I say Jove's lot with Ganymede is not more blest. XXVII You are a man of iron if you can show any amorous power, Flaccus, when your mistress prays you for six helpings of fish-pickle, or asks for two slices of tunny, or a skinny lizard-fish, and does not think her- self worth a whole bunch of gra[)es — a woman to whom her maid delightedly carries anchovy sauce in a dark earthenware platter, to be immediately gulped down ; or, who, when she has hardened her brow and laid aside all shame, solicits five greasy skins to make a small mantle. But let my mistress demand of me a pound of nard,i or emeralds, or a pair of sardonyxes, and not look at any but prime silk from the Tuscan street, or let her beg a hundred gold coins just as if they were pence. Now do you imagine I am willing to give these things to a girl ? I am not ; but that a girl should be worthy of these things, I do wish. 259 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXVIII Invasit medici Nasica phreneticus Eucti et percidit Hylan. hie, puto, sanus erat. XXIX Languida cum vetula tractare virilia dextra coepisti, iugulor pollice, Phylli, tuo : nam cum me murem, cum me tua lumina dicis, horis me refici vix puto posse decern, blanditias nescis : "Dabo" die " tibi milia centum et dabo Setini iugera culta soli ; accipe vina domum pueros chrysendeta mensas." nil opus est digitis : sic mihi, Phyllij frica. XXX Os male causidicis et dicis olere poetis. sed fellatori, Zoile, peius olet. XXXI Atreus Caecilius cucurbitarum sic illas quasi filios Thyestae in partes lacerat secatque mille. gustu protinus has edes in ipso, has prima feret alterave cena, has cena tibi tertia reponet, nine seras epidipnidas parabit. hinc pistor fatuas facit placentis, 260 BOOK XI. xxviii-xxxi XXVIII Nasica, "a madman/' attacked Doctor Euctus's Hylas and outraged him. This fellow was, I imagine, sane ! XXIX When you begin to paw my apathetic person with your antediluvian hands, I am murdered by that finger of yours, Phyllis ; for when you call me "mouse," when you call me "light of your eyes," I can scarcely, I think, get over it in ten hours. Blan- dishments you know nothing of: say, "I will give you a hundred thousand sesterces," and " I will give you well-tilled acres of Setine land ; accept wines, a town house, slaves, enamelled dishes, tables." I don't require your thumbing: scratch me in this way, Phyllis. XXX Vilely smells, you say, the breath of lawyers, and of poets.^ But that of a , Zoilus, smells worse 1 XXXI Caecilius is a very Atreus to gourds : he so mangles them and cuts them into a thousand pieces, just as if they were the sons of Thyestes.^ Gourds you will eat at once even among the kors d'oeuvre, gourds he will bring you in the first or second course, these in the third course he will set again before you, out of these he will furnish later on your dessert. Out of these the baker makes insipid cakes, and out of ^ From anxiety as to their cases or poems, like the ret of IV. iv. 8 T ^ See note to iii. xlv. 1. 261 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL hinc et multiplices struit tabellas et notas caryotidas theatris. 10 hinc exit varium coco minutal, lit lentem positam fabamque credas ; boletos imitatur et botellos, et caudam cybii brevesque maenas. hinc cellarius experitur artes, 15 ut condat vario vafer sapore in rutae folium CapelHana. sic inplet gabatas paropsidesque '' et leves scutulas cavasque lances. lioc laiitum vocatj hoc putat venustum, 20 unum ponere ferculis tot assem. XXXII Nec toga nee focus est nee tritus cimice lectus nee tibi de bibula sarta palude teges^ nec puer aut senior, nulla est ancilla nec infans, nec sera nec clavis nec canis atque calix. tu tamen adfectas, Nestor, dici atque videri 5 pauper, et in populo quaeris habere locum, mentiris vanoque tibi blandiris honore. non est paupertas, Nestor, habere nihil. XXXIII Saepius ad palmam pi-asinus post fata Neronis pervenit et victor praemia plura refert. i nunc, livor edax, die te cessisse Neroni : vicit nimirum non Nero, sed prasinus. ^ Possibly rare sweetmeats named after a famous maker ; cf. Cosmianum in xi. xv. 6 and xii. Iv. 7. The cellariw^, by the use of various flavours, makes bits of gourd taste like the famous CapelHana. ^ A play on the two meanings of ponere, to serve up and to spend. 763 BOOK XI. xxxi-xxxiii these he constructs sweets of all shapes, and dates such as the theatres know well. From these are turned out the cook's various mincemeats, so that you believe lentils and beans are set before you ; he imitates mushrooms and black-puddings, and tunny's tail, and tiny sprats. On these the store-keeper tries his art, with various flavours wrapping up — cunning man ! — Capellian sweetmeats ^ in a leaf of rue. So he fills his platters, and side-dishes, and polished saucers, and hollow plates. This he calls sumptuous, this he fancies elegant — in so many courses to lay out ^ one penny ! XXXII You have neither toga, nor fire, nor bug-haunted bed, nor have you a mat stitched of thirsty rushes, nor boy, nor older slave; you have no maid, nor infant, nor door-bolt, nor key, nor dog, nor cup.'^ Yet you aim, Nestor, at being called, and seeming a poor man, and look to having a place among the people. You are a fraud, and flatter yourself with an empty honour. It is not poverty, Nestor, to have nothing at all.^ XXXIII Oftener after Nero's^ death the green charioteer reaches the goal, and as winner bears off" more prizes. Go to now, grudging envy,^ say you yielded to Nero I 'Twas not Nero, I wot, who won, but the Green. ' Imitated from Cat. xxiii. 1-2. * But sheer beggary. * i.e. Doiiiitian, the calvus Nero of Juv. iv. 38. He favoured the green faction of the charioteers; ^ t.c. of a riviil charioteer. 263 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXIV Aedes emit Aper sed quas nee noctua vellet esse siias ; adeo nigra vetusque casa est. vicinos illi nitidus Maro possidet liortos. cenabit belle, non habitabit Aper. XXXV Ignotos milii cum voces trecentos, quare non veniam vocatus ad te mivaris quererisque litigasque. solus ceno, Fabulle^ non libenter. XXXVI Gaius banc lucem gemma mihi lulius alba signat, io^ votis redditus ecce meis : desperasse iuvat veluti iam rupta sororum fila ; minus gaudent qui timuere nibii. Hypne, quid expectas, pigei'? inmoi'tale Falernum 5 funde, senem poscunt talia vota cadum : quincunces et sex cyathos bessemque bibamus, Gaius ut fiat Iulius et Proculus. XXXVII ZoiLE, quid tota gemmam praecingere libra te iuvat et miserum perdere sardonycha ? anulus iste tuis fuerat modo cruribus aptus : non eadem digitis pondera conveniunt. ^ The numbers represent the letters in the three names x-espectively. cf. note to IX. xciii. 8. 264 BOOK XI. xxxiv-xxxvn XXXIV Aper bought a house, but one that not even an owl would wish its own, so dark and tumbledown is the cottage. Next door to him fashionable Maro owns gardens. Aper will dine but not lodge nicely. XXXV Although you invite three hundred guests un- known to me, you wonder why, when invited, I dont come to you, and you com2:)lain and quarrel with me. 'Tis no pleasure to me, Fabullus, to dine alone. XXXVI Gaius Julius marks this day for me with a white stone : ho i see he comes, given back to my vows ' Glad am I that I despaired, as though the Sisters' threads were already snapped : they rejoice less who have known no fear. Hypnus, why linger, you lag- gard .^ Pour the immortal Falernian : such vows as mine call for an olden jar. Measures five and six and eight let us drink, that the name " Gaius Julius Proculus " be summed up.^ XXXVII ZoiLus, why do you like to set your jewel in a whole pound of gold, and to overwhelm your un- happy sardonyx ? That ring of yours was lately suited to your shanks;^ the same weight does not suit fingers. ^ Z. had been a slave, and is now a knight : rf. ul xxix. 265 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXVIII MuLio viginti venit modo milibus, Aule. miraris pretium tarn grave ? surdus erat. XXXIX CuNARUM fueras motor, Charideme, mearum et pueri custos adsiduusque comes, iam mihi nigrescunt tonsa sudaria barba et queritur labris punctii puella meis ; sed tibi non crevi ^ : te noster vilicus horret, te dispensator, te domus ipsa pavet. ludere nee nobis nee tu permittis amare ; nil mihi vis et vis cuncta licere tibi. corripis, observas, quereris, suspiria duels, et vix a ferulis temperat ira tua. si Tyrios sumpsi cultus unxive capillos, exclamas " Numquam fecerat ista pater " ; et numeras nostros adstricta fronte trientes, tamquam de eel la sit eadus ille tua. desine; non possum libertum ferre Catonem. 15 esse virum iam me dicet amica tibi. XL FoRMOsAM Glyceran amat Lupercus et solus tenet imperatque solus. quam toto sibi mense non fututam cum tristis quereretur et roganti causam reddere vellet Aeliano, 5 respondit Glycerae doiere dentes. 1 crevit T^Y. 266 10 BOOK XI. xxxvin-xL XXXVIII A MULE-DRIVER was lately sold, Aulus, for twenty thousand sesterces. Do you wonder at so heavy a price ? He was deaf ^ XXXIX You were the rocker of my cradle, Charidemus, and guardian of my boyhood, and my constant com- panion. By now the napkin grows black from the shav- ings of my beard, and my mistress complains of being pricked by my lips. But to you I have not grown : from you my steward shrinks, at you my treasurer, at you my very house is in a panic ! You don't allow me to frolic, nor do you allow me to woo : you wish me to have no liberty, and wish to have all liberty yourself. You take me up, watch me, grumble, heave sighs, and your wrath scarce keeps your hand off the ferule. If I have put on a purple dress or anointed my hair, you cry out : " Never did your father do that " ; and with knitted brow you count my cups, as if the jar they came from were one from your own cellar. Desist : I cannot stand a freedman Cato. That I am now a man my mistress will inform you. XL LuPERCus loves the beautiful Glycera, and he is her sole possessor and her sole commander. When he was sadly regretting that for a whole month he had not enjoyed her favours, and Avished to give the reason to Aelianus who asked him, he replied that Glycera had the toothache.^ ^ And so could not hear the talk of those in the carriage : cf. XIX. xxiv. 8. ' There appears to be an obscene inference here. 267 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLI Indulget pecori nimium dum pastor Amyntas et gaudet fama luxuriaque gregis, cedentis oneri ramos silvamque fluentem vicit, concussas ipse secutus opes, triste nemus dirae vetuit superesse ruinae^ damnavitque rogis noxia ligna pater, pingues, Lygde, sues habeat vicinus lollas : te satis est nobis adnumerare pecus. XLII ViviDA cum poscas epigrammata, mortua ponis lemmata, qui fieri, Caeciliane, potest .'' mella iubes Hyblaea tibi vel Hymettia nasci, et thyma Cecropiae Corsica ponis api ! XLIII Deprensum in puero tetricis me vocibus, uxor, corripis et culum te quoque habere refers, dixit idem quotiens lascivo luno Tonanti ! ille tamen grandi cum Ganymede iacet. incurvabat Hylan posito Tirynthius arcu : tu Megaran credis non habuisse natis ? torquebat Phoebum Daphne fugitiva : sed illas Oebalius flammas iussit abire puer. ^ ruinae de Rooj% rapinae codd. • The acorns. 268 BOOK XI. xu-xLiii XLI Too ea2:er to indulj^e his charge, and proud of the fame and Witness of his herd, their keeper Amyntas broke the boughs that yielded to his weight, and the down-streaming foHage, himself following the spoil 1 he shook to earth. His sire forbade the ill- omened tree survive such dread ruin, and condemned the fatal timber to the funeral pyre. Lygdus,'- let neighbour lollas have his swine fat : 'tis enough for me that you keep well the reckoning of my herd. XLII Although you call for lively epigrams you set lifeless themes. How is that possible, Caecilianus .'' You bid Hyblan or Hymettian honey be made for you, and serve up to the Cecropian bee Corsican thyme ^ ! XLIII Tu, moglie, con arrabiate parole rimbrotti me sorpreso con ragazzo, ed adduci che anche tu hai il culo. Quante volte Giunone non disse lo stesso a Giove Tonante ! con tutto ci6 esso giace col grande Ganimede. Tirinzio, deposto I'arco, incurvava Ila ; credi tu che Megara non avesse natiche ? Dafne fuggitiva tornientava Febo ; ma il ragazzo Oebalio fece partire quelle fiamme. Quantunque Briseide " The swinelierd of the writer, who is warned not to be venturesome like A., but to be content with not losing the swine. M. means that L.'s life is too precious to be risked. ^ Which produced the inferior honey of Corsica : cf. ix. xxvi. 4. 269 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Briseis multum quamvis aversa iaceret, Aeacidae propior levis amicus erat. 10 parce tuis igitui- dare mascula nomina rebus teque puta cunnos, uxor^ habere duos. XLIV Orbus as et locuples et Bruto consule natus : esse tibi veras credis amicitias ? sunt verae^ sed quas iuvenis, quas pauper habebas. qui novus est^ mortem diligit ille tuam. XLV Intrasti quotiens inscriptae limina celiac, seu puer adrisit sive puella tibi, contentus non es foribus veloque seraque, secretumque iubes grandius esse tibi : oblinitur minimae si qua est suspicio rimae punctaque lasciva quae terebrantur acu. nemo est tarn teneri tam sollicitique pudoris qui vel pedicatj Canthare, vel futuit. XLVI Iam nisi per somnum non arrigis et tibi, Maevi, incipit in medios meiere verpa pedes, truditur et digitis pannucea mentula lassis nee levat extinctum sollicitata caput. quid jniseros frustra cunnos culosque lacessis ? sunima petas : illic mentula vivit anus. ^ i.e. you are incredibly old : cf. x. xxxix. 1. 270 I BOOK XI. XLiii-xLvi giacesse molto aversa, I'imberbe amico era piu con- tiguo ad Eacide. Contieniti dunque di dar nomi mascolini alle cose tue, ed immaginati, O moglie, d'aver due c- — ni ! XLIV You are childless and rich and were born in the consulship of Brutus : ^ do you imagine you have true friendships ? True friendships there are, but those you possessed when young, those when poor. The new friend is one who has an affection for your death. XLV Whenever you have passed the tlireshold of a placarded cubicle, whether it be a boy or a girl who has smiled on you, you are not satisfied with a door and a curtain and a bolt, and you require that greater secrecy sliould be provided for you. It tliere be any suspicion of the smallest chink it is plastered up, as also the eyelets that are bored by a mischievous needle. No one is of a modesty so tender and so anxious, Cantharus, who is either a or a .^ XLVI Di gia non arrigi die in sogno, cd il tuo pene, O Mevio, incommincia pisciarti fra i piedi, e la corrugata mentola e provocata dalle stanche dita, ne sollicitata rizza 1' estinto capo. A che inutilmente importuni i poveri c — ni e culi.'' Va in alto: cola una vecchia mentola vive. " i.e. whose tastes are not abnormal. 27 I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLVII Omnia femineis quare dilecta catervis balnea devitat Lattara ? ne futuat. cur nee Ponjpeia lentus spatiatur in umbra nee petit Inachidos limina? ne futuat. cur Lacedaemonio luteum ceromate corpus 5 perfundit gelida Virgine ? ne futuat. cum sic feminei generis contagia vitet, cur lingit cunnum Lattara? ne futuat. XL VIII SiLius haec magni celebrat monimenta Maronis, iugera facundi qui Ciceronis habet. heredem dominumque sui tumulive larisve non alium mallet nee Maro nee Cicero. XLIX Iam prope desertos cineres et sancta Maronis nomina qui coleret, pauper et unus erat. ' f Silius optataef succurrere censuit umbrae, Silius et - vatem, non minor ipse, colit. ^ illms, Lindsay, orbatae Ribbeck, ut patriae Postgate, o pittas Lindsay, en iantae Gilbert, censuit umbrae Heins. , cents ut cliabrae (vel diabrae) y. '^ filius ut Ribbeck. minor ipse colit Heius. , minu^ ipse tulit 7. 1 cf. 11. xiv. 10; XI. i. 11. 2 i.e. of Lsis : cf, 11. 3(iv. 7. This temple is called by Juv, 27? BOOK XI. XLvii-xLix XLVII Why does Lattara avoid all the baths affected by crowds of women? that he may not be tempted. Why does he not idly stroll in the shade of Pompey's Porch/ nor resort to the threshold of the daughter of Inachus?2 that he may not be tempted. Why does he plunge in the cold Virgin water his body yellow with Lacedaemonian ointment ? ^ that he may not be tempted. Seeing that he so avoids the contagion of the generation of women, why is Lattara a woman's .'' That he may not be tempted. XLVIII SiLius, who possesses the land which was eloquent Cicero's, honours this monument of great Maro.* As heir and owner of his tomb or dwelling no other would either Marc or Cicero choose. XLIX To honour the ashes, now well-nigli abandoned, and the sacred name of Maro was there but one,^ and he was poor. Silius resolved to rescue the regretted dead : and Silius — no less himself a poet — honours the bard. (vi. 489) " Isiacae nacraria lenae," as being the resort of prostitutes. * c/. vii. xxxii. 9. ■* Silius the poet, who was a rich man and possessed one of Cicero's villas, had bought the ground on which Vergil's tomb stood. Pliiiy says (Ep. iii. 7) that he kept Vergil's birthday more religiously than his own, and regarded his tomb in the light of a temple. * i.e. the owner of the ground before Silius bought it. 273 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Nulla est hora tibi qua non me, Phylli, furentem despolies : tanta calliditate rapis. nunc plorat speeulo fallax ancilla relicto, gemma vel a digito vel cadit aui*e lapis ; nunc furtiva lucri fieri bombycina possunt, 5 . profertur Cosmi nunc mihi siccus onyx ; amphora nunc petitur nigri cariosa Falerni, expiet ut somnos garrula saga tuos ; nunc ut emam grandemve lupum mullumve bilibrem, indixit cenam dives amica tibi. 10 sit pudor et tandem veri respectus et aequi : nil tibi, Pbylli, nego ; nil mihi, Phylli, nega. LI Tanta est quae Titio cohmina pendet quantam Lampsaciae colunt puellae. hie nullo comitante nee molesto thermis grandibus et suis lavatur. anguste Titius tamen lavatur. 5 LII Cenabis belle, luli Cerialis, apud me ; condicio est melior si tibi nulla, veni. octavam poteris servare ; lavabimur una : scis quam sint Stephani balnea iuncta mihi. 1 cf. VII. liv. 4. * See note to xi. xvi. 3. 274 BOOK XI. L-Lii There is not an hour comes amiss to you, Phyllis, for plundering me in my infatuation : with such cun- ning do you rob me. Now your lying maid laments because a mirror has been left behind, or a jewel drops from your finger, or a stone from your ear ; at one time silks lost by theft may be a means of profit, at another there is shown to me an empty casket of Cosmus' perfume ; now a crumbling jar of dark Falernian is asked for that a chattering wise-woman may exorcise your dreams ; ^ now, to induce me to buy, either a huge bass or a two-pound mullet, a rich woman friend has proposed a dinner at your house. Let there be some moderation and at length some regard for fairness and justice. I deny nothing to you, Phyllis : deny nothing, Phyllis, to me. LI Si grande h la colonna che pende a Tizio quanto quella che le zitelle Lampsiache "^ venerano. Costui senza compagno n^ molestato si lava in ampie terme e nelle sue : con tutto ci6 angustamente Tizio si lava. LII You will dine nicely, Julius Cerialis, at my house ; if you have no better engagement, come. You will be able to observe the eighth hour;^ we will bathe together : you know how near Stephanus' baths are ' The usual hour for dining in summer, the bath being taken before : cf. X. xlviii. 1. There were sundials at the baths. 275 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL prima tibi dabitur ventri lactuca movendo 5 utilis, et porris fila resecta suis, mox vetus et tenui maior cordyla lacerto, sed quam cum rutae frondibus ova tegant ; altera nou derunt tenui versata favilla, et Velabi-ensi massa coacta foco, 10 et quae Picenum senserunt frigus olivae. haec satis in gustu. cetera nosse cupis ? mentiar, ut venias : pisces, conchylia, sumen, et chortis saturas atque paludis aves, quae nee Stella solet rara nisi ponere cena. 15 plus ego polliceor : nil recitabo tibi, ipse tuos nobis relegas licet usque Gigantas, rura vel aeterno proxima Vergilio. LIII Claudia caeruleis cum sit Rufina Britannis edita, quam Latiae pectova gentis habet ! quale decus formae ! Romanam credere matres Italides possunt, Atthides esse suam. di bene quod sancto peperit fecunda marito, 5 quod sperat generos quodque puella nurus. sic placeat superis ut coniuge gaudeat uno et semper natis gaudeut ilia tribus. LIV Unguenta et casias et olentem funera murram turaque de medio semicremata rogo 1 Porrum seclivum : cf, X, xlviii, 9. " cf. xiii. xxxii. 276 BOOK XI. Lii-Liv to me. First, there will be given you lettuce useful for relaxing the bowels, and shoots cut from their parent leeks ; ^ then tunny salted and bigger than a small lizard-fish, and one too which eggs will garnish in leaves of rue. Other eggs will not be wanting, roasted in embers of moderate heat, and a lump of cheese ripened over a Velabran hearth,^ and olives that have felt the Picenian frost. These are enough for a whet : do you want to know the rest ? I will deceive you to make you come : fish, mussels, sow's paps, and fat birds of the poultry-yard and the marsh, which even Stella is not used to serve except at a special dinner. More I promise you : I will recite nothing to you, even although you yourself read again your " Giants " straight through, or your " Pastorals " that rank next to immortal Virgil, LIII Though Claudia Rufina^ has sprung from the woad- stained Britons, how she possesses the feelings of the Latin race ! What grace of form has she ! Mothers of Italy may deem her Roman, those of Attica their own. May the Gods bless her in that she, a fertile wife, has borne children to her constant spouse, in that she hopes, though youthful still, for sons- and daughters-in-law. So may it please the Gods above she should joy in one mate alone, and joy ever in three sons ! LIV The unguents and casia, and myrrh that smells of funerals, and the frankincense half-burned snatched » Probably the Claudia Peregrina of iv. xiii. 277 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et quae de Stygio rapuisti cinnama lecto, inprobe, de turpi, Zoile, redde sinu. a pedibus didicere manus peccare protervae. non miror furem, qui fugitivus eras. LV HoRTATUR fieri quod e Lupus, Ui-bice, patrem, ne credas ; nihil est quod minus ille velit. ars est captandi quod nolis velle videri ; ne facias optat quod rogat ut facias, dicat praegnantem tua se Cosconia tantum : 5 pallidior fiet iam pariente Lupus, at tu consilio videaris ut usus amici, sic morere ut factum te putet esse patrem. LVI Quod nimium mortem, Chaeremon Stoice, laudas, vis animum mirer suspiciamque tuum.'' banc tibi virtutem fracta facit urceus ansa, et tristis nullo qui tepet igne focus, et teges et cimex et nudi sponda grabati, 5 et brevis atque eadem nocte dieque toga, o quam magnus homo es qui faece rubentis aceti et stipula et nigro pane carere potes ! Leuconicis agedum tumeat tibi culcita lanis constringatque tuos purpura pexa toros, 10 dormiat et tecum modo qui dum Caecuba miscet convivas roseo torserat ore puer : 278 BOOK XL Liv-Lvi from the midst of the pyre, and the cinnamon you have snatched from the bier of death — these, rascally Zoilus, surrender out of your foul pocket. 'Tis from your feet your froward hands have learned mis- doings : I don't wonder you are a thief who were a runaway slave. LV Lupus urges you, Urbicus, to become a father : don't believe him ; there is nothing he wishes less. The art of the legacy-hunter is to seem to wish what one does not wish : he prays you will not do what he asks you to do. Let your Cosconia only say she is pregnant, Lupus will become paler than a lady already in labour. But do you, by way of seeming to adopt your friend's counsel, die in such a way ^ that he may think you have become a father. LVI Because you. Stoic Chaeremon, so much praise death, do you want me to admire and look up to your mind ? 'Tis a jug with a broken handle that creates this virtue of yours, and a melancholy hearth chill with no fire, and a beggar's rug, and bugs and the framework of a bare truckle-bed, and a short toga, your one covering night and day alike. Oh, what a great man you are, who can do without dregs of red vinegar and straw and black bread ! Come, imagine your pillow swells with Leuconian wool,^ and that close-napped purple binds your couches, and a boy waits upon you who, while he mixed the Caecuban yesterday, distracted your guests with his rosy lips ! 1 i.e. leave him nothing. ^ cf. xiv. clix. I. 279 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL o quam tu cupies ter vivere Nestoris annos et nihil ex uUa perdere luce voles ! rebus in angustis facile est contemnere vitam : 15 , fortiter ille facit qui miser esse potest. LVII MiRARis docto quod carmina mitto Severe, ad cenam cum te, docte Severe, vocem ? luppiter ambrosia satur est et.nectare vivit ; nos tamen exta lovi cruda merumque damus. omnia cum tibi sint dono concessa deorum, 5 si quod habes non vis, ergo quid accipies ? LVIII Cum me velle vides tentumque, Telesphore, sentis, magna rogas : puta me velle negare : licet ? et nisi iuratus dixi " Dabo," subtrahis illas, permittunt in me quae tibi multa, natis. quid si me tonsor, cum stricta novacula supra est, 5 tunc libertatem divitiasque roget ? promittam ; neque enim rogat illo tempore tonsor, latro rogat ; res est inperiosa timor : sed fuerit curva cum tuta novacula theca, frano-am tonsori crura manusque simul. 10 at tibi nil faciam, sed lota mentula laeva XaiKoi^eLv cupidae dicet avaritiae. 1 cf. II. liii. ^ III its regular sense of "poetic." ' cf. XI. Ixxiii. 4 ; ix. xlii. 1. 280 BOOK XI. Lvi-Lviii Oh, how you will long to live Nestor's years thrice over, and wish to lose no moment of any day ! In narrow means 'tis easy to despise life : he acts the strong man who is wretched and can endure.^ LVII Do you wonder I send learned ^ Severus verse when I ask you, learned Severus, to dinner? Jupiter is cloyed with ambrosia and he lives on nectar, yet we offer to Jupiter raw entrails and new wine. As by the gift of the Gods all things have been granted to you, if you do not wish to receive what you possess, what then will you accept? LVIII When you see that I am desirous, and perceive that I am on the stretch, Telesphorus, you ask a big price. Imagine I wish to refuse it : can I ? And unless I swear when I say " I will give it," you with- draw those charms that give you much licence with me. What if a barber, when his drawn razor is over my head, should then ask me for his liberty and for wealth ? I will promise it ; for it is not a barber who asks on that occasion, a highwayman asks; a thing imperious is fear : but when his razor is safe in its crooked case, I will break the barber's shanks and his hands to boot. To you, however, I will do nothing ; but, when it is otherwise sated,^ my ardour will bid your grasping avarice to go hang.* * The word \atKd(eiv is possibly only a coarse imprecation, and is not to be taken literally. VOL. II. K 281 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LIX Senos Charinus omnibus digitis gent nee nocte ponit anulos nee cum lavatur. causa quae sit quaeritis ? dactyliothecam non habet. LX Sit Phlogis an Chione Veneri magis apta requiris ? pulchrior est Chione ; sed Phlogis ulcus habet, ulcus habet Pi'iami quod tendere possit alutam quodque senem Pelian non sinat esse senem ; ulcus habet quod habere suam vult quisque puellam, 5 quod sanare Criton, non quod Hygia })otest. at Chione non sentit opus nee vocibus uliis adiuvat, absentem marmoreamve putes. exorai-e, dei, si vos tam magna liceret et bona velletis tam pretiosa dare, 10 hoc quod habet Chione corpus faceretis haberet ut Phlogis, et Chione quod Phlogis ulcus habet. LXI Lingua maritus, moechus ore Nanneius, Summemmianis inquinatior buccis ; quem cum fenestra vidit a Subui'ana ^ obscena nudum Leda, fornicem cludit mediumque mavult basiare quam summum ; 5 ' Suburana 5-, suburbana codd. ' i.e. he has merely hired them. The reason given is a surprise. 282 BOOK XI. Lix-LXi LIX Six rings Charinus wears on each of his fingers, and he does not take them off at night nor when he bathes. Do you ask the reason? He has not got a ring-case.^ LX Is Phlogis or Chione the more fitted for dalliance, do you ask? More beautiful is Chione, but Phlogis has an itch ; she has an itch that would rejuvenate Priam's powers and would not permit the aged Pylian '^ to be aged ; she has an itch that every man wishes his own mistress to have, one Criton can cure, not Hygeia.3 But Chione is impassive, nor does she encourage you by any wooing word : you would fancy she were away from you, or were a marble statue. Ye Gods, were it permitted to prevail on you to bestow so great a gift, and were ye willing to give a blessing so precious, you would make Phlogis to have this body that Chione has and Chione the itch that Phlosis has I LXI Nanejo h marito colla lingua, adultero colla bocca, pill sporco delle bocche Summemiane : il quale quando i'oscena Leda vede nudo dalla Suburana finestra ella chiude il lupanario, ed ama meglio baciare al mezzo che all' alto ; il quale poco fa entrava per "^ Nestor, the typical old man. ^ i.t. to be cured by male, not by female doctors : cf. xi. Ixxi. 9. Criton was a doctor of M.'s time; Hygeia, the Goddess of Health, the daughter of Aesculapius, is here put for female doctors generally. 283 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL modo qui per omnes viscerum tubos ibat et voce certa eonsciaque dicebat puer an puella matris esset in ventre, (gaudete cunni ; vestra namque res acta est) arrigere linguam non potest fututricem. 10 nam dum tumenti mersus haeret in volva et vagientes intus audit infantes, partem gulosam solvit indecens morbus. nee purus esse nunc potest nee inpurus. LXII Lesbia se iurat gratis numquam esse fututam. verum est. cum futui vult, numerare solet. LXIII Spectas nos, Philomuse, cum lavamur, et quare mihi tarn mutuniati sint leves pueri subinde quaeris. dicam simpliciter tibi roganti : pedicant, Philomuse, curiosos. 5 LXIV Nescio tam multis quid scribas, Fauste, puellis : hoc scio, quod scribit nulla puella tibi. LXV Sescenti cenant a te, lustine, vocati lucis ad officium quae tibi prima fuit. 284 BOOK XI. Lxi-Lv tutti i tubi delle viscere, e con certa e consapevole asserzione diceva se era un maschio o una femina nel ventre della madre (rallegratevi, c — ni, perche le vostre faccende sono finite) ; non puo erigere 1' immembratice lingua. Imperocche, mentre che sta immerso nella tumente volva, e dentro sente i vagi- enti bambini, un' indecente morbo ^ struge la parte golosa : n6 ora pu6 esser puro nh impure. LXII r Lesbia swears she has never granted her favours without a price. That is true : on those occasions she is wont herself to pay it. LXIII You eye me, Philomusus, when I bathe, and con- tinually enquire why I have with me smooth-cheeked boys so well developed. I will answer your question in plain terms : Philomusus, they assault meddlers. LXIV I don't know what you write, Faustus, to so many girls : this I know, what ^ no girl writes to you. LXV A CROWD of guests dine at your invitation, Justinus, to celebrate the day of your birth. Among them, * cf. XI. Ixxxv. 1. * i.e. "Come." 285 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL inter quos, memini, non ultimus esse solebam ; nee locus hie nobis invidiosus erat. postera sed festae reddis sollemnia mensae : seseentis hodie, eras mihi natus eris. LXVI Et delator es at calumniator^ et fraudator es et negotiator, et fellator es et lanista. miror quare non habeas, Vacerra, nummos. LXVII Nil mihi das vivus ; dicis post fata daturum. si non es stultus, scis, Maro, quid cupiam. LXVIII Parva rogas magnos ; sed non dant haec quoque magni. ut pudeat levius te, Matho, magna roga. LXIX Amphitheatrales inter nutrita magistros venatrix, silvis aspera, blanda domi, Lydia dicebar, domino fidissima Dextro, qui non Erigones mallet habere canem. 1 M. has been invited on the morrow to the remnants of to-day's birthday feast to J.'s fine friends. "To-morrow," he says, " it will be my turn to find out that you are a gentle- man." For this sense of 7iatu8, cf. iv. Ixxxiii. 3 ; viii. Ix iv. 18 ; and X. xxvii. 4. 286 BOOK XI. Lxv-Lxix I recollect, I used not to be the last, and this place was not begrudged me. But to-morrow you repeat the festive ceremony : for the crowd you are born to-day, to-morrow you shall be born for me.^ LXVI You are an informer and a backbiter, and you are a cheat and a pimp, and you are a foul rascal and a master of gladiators. I wonder why you are not rich, Vacerra.- LXVII Nothing you give me while you are living : you say you will give after your death. If you are not a fool you know, Maro, what I desire.^ LXVIII For small gifts you solicit great men, but not even these do your great men give. That you may be the less ashamed, Matho, solicit great gifts. LXIX Reared among the trainers of the amphitheatre, a hunter, savage in the woods, gentle at home, I was called Lydia, most faithful to my master Dexter, who would not have prized Erigone's hound* more 2 See further as to this person, xi. Ixxvii. and xii. xxxii. ^ cf. VIII. xxvii. * Maera, the dog that showed to Erigoiie where her murdered father Icarius lay. Erigone became the constella- tion Virgo and Maera Procyon. 287 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nee qui Dictaea Cephalum de gente secutus 5 luciferae pariter venit ad astra deae. non me longa dies nee inutilis abstulit aetas, qualia Dulichio fata fuere cani : fulmineo spumantis apri sum dente perempta, quantus erat, Calydon, aut, Erymanthe, tuus. 10 nee queror infernas quamvis cito rapta sub umbras. non potui fato nobiliore niori. LXX Vendere, Tucca, potes centenis milibus emptos ? plorantis dominos vendere, Tucca, potes ? nee te blanditiae, nee verba rudesve querellae, nee te dente tuo saucia colla movent ? a facinus ! tunica patet inguen utrimque levata, 5 inspiciturque tua mentula facta manu. si te delectat numerata pecunia, vende argentum mensas murrina rura domum ; vende senes servos, ignoscent, vende paternos ; ne pueros vendas omnia vende miser. 10 luxuria est emere hos (quis enim dubitatve negatve?) sed multo maior vendere luxuria est. LXXI HysTERicAM vetulo se dixerat esse marito et queritur futui Leda necesse sibi ; 1 Laeliips, given to Procris by Diana and by her to her husband Cephalu3. When Cepliakis was added to the stars by Aurora, his hound followed him, ?8§ BOOK XI. Lxix-Lxxi than me, nor the one of Dicte's breed that followed Cephalus,^ and with him passed to the heaven of the goddess, the Bringer of Light. Not length of days nor fruitless age carried me off, as was the fate of the Dulichian hound : 2 I was slain by the lightning tusk of a foaming boar, huge as was thine, Calydon, or, Erymanthus, thine. Yet 1 murmur not, albeit swiftly hurried to the Nether Shades : I could not die by nobler death. LXX Can you endure to sell, Tucca, those you bought for a hundred thousand sesterces ? Can you endure, Tucca, to sell your weeping masters ? ^ Do not their caresses, or their prattle or artless plaints, or the necks wounded by your tooth, move you .'' Ah, shame ! Lift up the tunic of either, and his naked- ness is seen, and there is revealed the manhood, fashioned* by your hand. If money paid down is your attraction, sell silver plate, tables, porcelain cups, land, town-house ; sell aged slaves — they will pardon — sell paternal slaves : to avoid selling your boys, sell, wretched man, everything. 'Twas extrava- gance to buy these boys — for who either doubts or denies it ? — but much greater extravagance is it to sell them. LXXI Lydia told her aged husband that she was hysterical, and regrets that intercourse is necessary * Argus, the hound of Ulysses, that recognised him after twenty years, and died : Horn. Od. xvii. 291-.S27. ^ Tills word has an indecent sense : cf. xii. Ixvi. 8. ♦ '4?his word is probably explained by xi. xxii. G. 289 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL sed flens atque gemens tanti negat esse salutem seque refert potius proposuisse mori. vir rogat ut vivat, virides nee deserat annos, et fieri quod iam non facit ipse sinit. protinus accedunt medici medicaeque recedunt, toUunturque pedes, o medicina gravis ! LXXII Drauci Natta sui vocat pipinnam^ conlatus cui Gallus est Priapus. LXXIII Venturum iuras semper mihi, Lygde^ roganti constituisque horam constituisque locum. cum frustra iacui longa prurigine tentus, succurrit pro te saepe sinistra milii. quid precer, o fallax, meritis et moribus istis ? umbellam luscae, Lygde, feras dominae. LXXIV CuRANDUM penem commisit Baccara Raetus^ rivali medico. Baccara Gallus erit. LXXV Theca tectus ahenea lavatur tecumj Caelia, servus ; ut quid, oro, * Rattus Schneid., graecus j8, vettis y. 290 BOOK XI. Lxxi-Lxxv for her; yet with tears and groans she says her health is not worth the sacrifice, and declares she would rather choose to die. Her lord bids her live, and not desert the bloom of her years, and he permits to be done what he cannot do himself. Immediately men doctors come in, and lady doctors depart, and her feet are hoisted. Oh, what stringent treatment ! LXXII Natta chiama pipinna quella del suo drauco, alia quale Priapo ^ confrontato ^ un Gallo.^ LXXIII I You always swear, Lygdus, you will come to me when I ask you, and you appoint the hour and you appoint the place. When I have lain fruitlessly racked with lingering desire, a substitute has often come to my rescue. What should be my curse, false boy, one fitted to deserts and habits like yours.'' May you carry, Lygdus, the sunshade of a one-eyed mistress ! LXXIV Baccara, a Rhaetian, entrusted the care of his person to a doctor, his rival in love : Baccara will now be a Gaul. 2 LXXV Your slave bathes with you, Caelia, covered with a sheath of brass ; to what end, I pray, seeing he is ^ cf. VI. xlix. 2. ^ i.e. a eunuch : see notes to i. xxxv. 15 and iii. xxiv. 13. 291 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL non sit cum citharoedus aut choraules ? non vis, ut puto, mentulam videre. quare cum populo lavaris ergo ? 5 omnes an tibi nos sumus spadones ? ergo, ne videaris invidere, servo, Caelia, fibulam remitte. LXXVI Solvere, Paete, decem tibi me sestertia cogis, perdiderit quoniam Bucco ducenta tibi. ne noceant, oro, mihi non mea ciimina : tu qui bis centena potes perdere, perde decern. LXXVII In omnibus Vacerra quod conclavibus consumit horas et die toto sedet, cenaturit Vacerra, non cacaturit. LXXVIII Utere femineis conplexibus, utere, Victor, ignotumque sibi mentula discat opus, flammea texuntur sponsae, iam virgo paratur, tondebit pueros iam nova nupta tuos. pedicare semel cupido dabit ilia marito, 5 dum metuit teli vulnera prima novi : saepius hoc fieri nutrix materque vetabunt et dicent : " Uxor, non puer, ista tibi est." heu quantos aestus, quantos patiere labores, si fuerit cunnus res peregrina tibi ! 10 erffo Suburanae tironem trade mairistrae. ilia virum faciet ; non bene virgo docet. * cf. VII. Ixxxii. 1 ; XIV. ccxv. 292 BOOK XI. Lxxv-Lxxviii no harper or flutist in the chorus? ^ You don't wish, as I suppose, to see his nakedness. Why, then, do you bathe with the crowd ? Are all of us eunuchs to you ? Therefore, that you may not appear to be jealous, undo, Caelia, your slave's fibula. LXXVI You compel me, Paetus, to pay you ten thousand sesterces because Bucco has lost you your two hun- dred thousand. Don't let offences not mine injure me, I pray : do you, who can endure to lose two hundred, lose ten. LXXVII Vacerra dallies for hours, and sits a whole day in all the closets. Vacerra wishes to dine, not to dis- enibogue.2 LXXVIII Fa uso, fa uso dei feminei amplessi, O Vittore, e la mentola imparl I'opra ad essa ignota. II velo e tessuto per la sposa, di gia la vergine e preparata, di gia la nuova maritata tosera ^ i tuoi ragazzi. Essa dark una volta da pedicare all' avido marito mentre teme le prime ferite della nuova lancia ; la nutrice e la madre vieteranno che ci6 si facia troppo sovente, e diranno " questa ti h moglie, non ragazzo." Oh, quanti furori e quanti stenti se il c — no sara a te cosa insolita ! Dunque consegnati qual novizio ad una Suburana maestra. Quella ti fara uomo ; una vergine insegna ci6 malamente. ^ He hopes to meet some acquaintance and to get an invitation. * Youths of that character wore long hair. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXIX Ad primum decuma lapidem quod venimus bora, arguimur lentae crimine pigritiae. non est ista viae, non est mea, sed tua culpa est, misisti mulas qui mihi, Paete, tuas. LXXX LiTUs beatae Veneris aureum Baias, Baias superbae blanda dona Naturae, ut niille laudem, Flacce, versibus Baias, laudabo digne non satis tamen Baias. sed Martialem malo, Flacce, quam Baias. I optare utrumque paviter inprobi votum est. quod si deorum munere hoc tibi ^ detur, quid gaudiorum est Martialis et Baiae ! LXXXI Cum sene communem vexat spado Dindymus Aeglen et iacet in medio sicca puella toro. viribus liic, operi non est hie utilis annis : 1 I ( ergo sine effectu prurit utrique labor. ' f supplex ilia rogat pro se niiserisque duobus, hunc iuvenem facias, hunc, Cytherea, viruin. LXXXII A SiNUESSANis conviva Philostratus undis conductum repetens nocte iubente larem ^ tibi. tamen Munro. ^ M. has arrived an hour late for dinner : cf. iv. viii. 6. ^ Under this view tibi can have no meaning, so I have 294 BOOK XI. Lxxix-Lxxxii LXXIX Because I have reached the first milestone at the tenth hour I am convicted on a charge of tardiness and sloth. ^ It is not the fault of the road ; it is not mine, but yours, who sent me your mules, Paetus. LXXX Baiae, the golden shore of blessed Venus ; Baiae, the witching gift of proud Nature ! — though in a thousand verses, Flaccus, I were to laud Baiae, yet I shall not laud Baiae as it deserves. But I prefer Martial, Flaccus, to Baiae : to ask for both at once were a presumptuous prayer. Yet if by heaven's bounty this could still be granted, what wealth of joy — Martial and Baiae too ! ^ LXXXI L'eunuco Dindimo vessa Egle in comune con un vecchio, e la giovane giace asciutta in mezzo al letto. Quello non ha vigore all' opra, questo e inutili per gli anni ; perci6 gli sforzi dell' uno e dell' altro in- citano senza effetto. Essa supplichevole prega per se e per i due sfortunati che tu, O Citerea, renda questo giovane, e quello uomo. LXXXII Philostratus, returning from a party at the baths of Sinuessa to his hired house at the bidding of rendered Munro's tamen. Some, however, take "Martialis" as meaning the poet, in which case " tibi " means Flaccus, and the last lines of the epigram are self-depreciatory. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL paene imitatus obit saevis Elpenora fatis, praeceps per longos dum ruit usque gradus. non esset, Nymphae, tam magna pericula passus 5 si potius vestras ille bibisset aquas. LXXXIII Nemo habitat gratis nisi dives et orbus apud te. nemo domum pluris, Sosibiane^ locat. LXXXIV Qui nondum Stygias descendere quaerit ad umbras tonsorem fugiat, si sapit, Antiochum. alba minus saevis lacerantur braechia cultris, cum furit ad Phrygios enthea turba modos ; mitior inplicitas Alcon secat enterocelas 5 fractaque fabrili dedolat ossa manu. tondeat hie inopes Cynicos et Stoica menta coUaque pulverea nudet equina iuba. hie miserum Scythica sub rupe Prometliea radat, carnificem duro pectore poscet avem ; 10 ad matrem fugiet Pentheus, ad Maenadas Orpheus, Antiochi tantum barbara tela sonent. haec quaecumque meo numeratis stigmata mento, in vetuli pyctae qualia fronte sedent, ^ The companion of Ulysses, who, awaking sudden]}- from a drunken sleep in the house of Circe, fell from the roof : Horn. Od. X. 55'2 seqq. ^ And not wine. Moreover, the waters of Siuuessa were medicinal : cf. xi. vii. 12. * The votaries of Cybelo. 296 BOOK XI. Lxxxii-Lxxxiv night, nearly copied Elpenor,^ and died by a cruel death while he was hurrying headlong down a long flight of steps. He would not have incurred such great danger, ye Nymphs, if he had drunk your waters instead.^ LXXXIII Nobody lives scot-free with you, unless he be rich and childless. Nobody, Sosibianus, lets his house on better terms. LXXXIV He who desires not yet to go down to Stygian shades, let him, if he be wise, avoid barber Antiochus. White arms are mangled with knives less cruel when the frenzied throng ^ raves to Phrygian strains ; with gentler touch Alcon* cuts the knotted hernia, and lops away broken bones with a workman's hand. Shearer let this man be of starveling Cynics and of Stoic chhis, and let him bare the necks of steeds of their dusty manes. Let this man but rasp hapless Prometheus neath the Scythian crag, with bared breast will he summon the bird his torturer ;* to his mother will Pentheus fly ; to the Maenads Or- pheus,^ at the mere clash of Antiochus' savage steel. These scars, whate'er they are thou numberest on my chin, scars such as are fixed on some time-worn * A surgeon of the day : cf. vi. Ixx. 6. ^ The eagle preyed upon his liver, which was always renewed. * Pentheus, king of Thebes, for his hostility to the rites of Bacchus, was torn to pieces by his mother and other Maenads ; and Orpheus was similarly treated by the Tliracian women because he slighted them. 297 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL non iracundis fecit gravis unguibus uxor : 15 Antiochi ferrum est et scelerata manus. unus de cunctis animalibus hircus habet cor : barbatus vivit ne ferat Antiochum. LXXXV SiDERE percussa est subito tibi, Zoile, lingua, dum lingis. certe, Zoile, nunc futues. LXXXVI Leniat ut fauces medicus, quas aspera vexat adsidue tussis, Parthenopaee, tibi, mella dari nucleosque iubet dulcesque placentas et quidquid pueros non sinit esse truces. at tu non cessas totis tussire diebus. non est haec tussis, Parthenopaee, gula est. LXXXVII Dives eras quondam : sed tunc pedico fuisti et tibi nulla diu femina nota fuit. nunc sectaris anus, o quantum cogit egestas ! ilia fututorem te, Charideme, facit. LXXXVIII MuLTis iam, Lupe, posse se diebus pedicare negat Charisianus. causam cum modo quaererent sodales, ventrem dixit habere se solutum. 298 BOOK XI. LXXXTV-LXXXVIII boxer's face — these a wife, formidable with wrathful talons, wrought not : 'tis Antiochus' steel and hand accursed. Alone among all beasts the he-goat has sense : bearded he lives to escape Antiochus. LXXXV Improvisamente, O Zoilo, t'^ da un contagio^ per- cossa la lingua mentre lingi il c — no. Almeno ora, O Zoilo, immembrerai. LXXXVI To soothe your throat, which a racking cough incessantly afflicts, Parthenopaeus, your doctor pre- scribes honey, and nuts, and sweet cakes, and what- ever thing stops the fractiousness of boys. Yet all and every day you don't cease coughing. This is no cough, Parthenopaeus : it is gluttony.^ LXXXVII You were once rich, but then young men were your favourites, and for long no woman was known to you. Now you run after old crones. Oh, how compelling is poverty! It turns you, Charideraus, into a gallant. LXXXVIII Carisiano dice, O Lupo, di non poter pedicare da molti giorni. Dimandandogliene poco fa i compagni la cagione, disse die aveva la diarrea.^ ^ i.e. planet-struck. This was called sideratio : Plin. N.H. ii. 41 ; Pelr. '2. rf. vii. xcii 9 ' cf. ii. xl. ^ Thus betraying the fact that he was a pathic. 299 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXIX Intact AS quare mittis mihi, Polla, coronas ? vexatas a te malo tenere rosas. XC Carmina nulla probas molli quae limite currant, sed quae per salebras altaque saxa cadunt, et tibi Maeonio quoque carmine maius habetur, " Lucili columella hie situ' Metrophanes " ; attonitusque legis " terrai frugiferai," 5 Accius et quidquid Pacuviusque vomunt. vis imiter veteres, Chrestille, tuosque poetas ? dispeream ni scis mentula quid sapiat. XCI Aeolidos Canace iacet hoc tumulata sepulchre, ultima cui parvae septima venit hiemps. a scelus, a facinus ! properas qui flere, viator, non licet hie vitae de brevitate queri : tristius est leto leti genus : horrida vultus 5 apstulit et tenero sedit in ore lues, ipsaque crudeles ederunt oscula morbi nee data sunt nigris tota labella rogis. 1 " Tenfold the length of this terrene."— Milton. Terrai filius is found in Ennius. 300 not fingered ? Liefer would I handle roses tumbled BOOK XI. Lxxxix-xci LXXXIX Why dost thou send me, Polla, chaplets thou hast t fing by thee. xc No poems win your favour that speed on a gentle path, only those that fall over rough places and high cliffs, and this appears to you finer even than Homer's song : " Pillar of Lucilius' house, here lieth Metrophanes." And in amazed wonder you read of the "frugiferous terrene," ^ and whatever phrase Accius and Pacu- vius spew. 2 Do you want vie, Chrestillus, to copy the old poets, your poets ? May I die, but you ap- preciate the flavour of virility ! ^ XCI Aeolis' child, Canace, lies buried in this tomb, little Canace, whose seventh winter came her last Ah ! for the guilt, the crime ! Thou, wayfarer, who art quick to weep, here mayst thou not lament the shortness of life: sadder than death is death's guise ; a dire canker wasted her face, and settled on her tender mouth, and her very kisses the cruel scourge consumed ; not whole were her lips surrendered to ^ Old Roman tragic poets. L. Accius died B.C. 180, M. Pacuvius about 1.31. Only fragments of their works remain. As to the preference for ancient poets in Horace's time : cf. Ep. II. i. 49 stq. * i.e.. (ace. to Housman) a virile style ; or (in another sense) ''ftUator ta." 301 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL si tam praecipiti fuerant ventura volatu, debuerant alia fata venire via. 10 sed mors vocis iter properavit cludere blandae, ne posset duras flectere lingua deas. XCII Mentitur qui te vitiosum, Zoile, dicit. non vitiosus homo es, Zoile^ sed vitium. XCIII PiERios vatis Theodori flamma penates abstulit. hoc Musis et tibi, Phoebe^ placet ? o scelus, o magnum facinus crimenque deorum, non arsit pariter quod domus et dominus ! XCIV Quod nimium lives nostris et ubique libellis detrahis, ignosco : verpe poeta, sapis. hoc quoque non euro, quod cum mea carmina carpas, conpilas : et sic, verpe poeta, sapis. illud me cruciat, Solymis quod natus in ipsis 5 pedicas puerum, verpe poeta, meum. ecce negas iurasque mihi per templa Tonantis. non credo : iura, verpe, per Anchialum. * Supposed to represent the ejaculation " as the Lord liveth " in Hebrew, and mistaken by Romans for the name of a deity. Another explanation (out of many) is th^t 302 BOOK XI. xci-xciv the smoky pyre. If it had to come with so mistimed a flight, fate should have come by other path. But death hasted to close the channel ot her winsome speech, lest her tongue might have power to bend the hard goddesses. XCII He lies who says you are vicious, Zoilus : you are not a vicious man, Zoilus, but vice. XCIII The poetic abode of bard Theodorus a fire has destroyed. Does this please you, ye Muses, and you, Phoebus ? Oh, what guilt, oh, what a huge crime and scandal of the gods is here ! House and master did not burn together ! XCIV Your overflowing malice, and your detraction every- where of my books, I pardon :. circumcised poet, you are wise ! This, too, I disregard, that when you carp at my poems you plunder them : so, too, circumcised poet, you are wise ! What tortures me is this, that you, circumcised poet, although born in the very midst of Solyma, outrage my boy. There ! you deny it, and swear to me by the Thunderer's Temple. I don't believe you : swear, circumcised one, by Anchialus.^ Anchialus is the name of M.'s boy, and the name is common in inscriptions of slaves and freedmen. Friedlander considers it the name of some Rothschild of Jerusalem. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCV Incideris quotiens in basia fellatorum, in solium puta te mergere, Flacce, caput. XCVI Marcia, non Rhenus, salit hie, Germane : quid obstas et puerum prohibes divitis imbre lacus ? barbare, non debet, summoto cive, ministro captivam victrix unda levare sitim. XCVII Una nocte quater possum : sed quattuor annis si possum, pei'eam, te, Telesilla, semel. XCVIII Effugere non est, Flacce, basiatores. instant, morantur, persecuntur, occurrunt et hinc et illinc, usquequaque, quacumque. non ulcus acre pusulaeve lucentes, nee triste mentum sordidique Hellenes, nee labra pingui delibuta cerato, nee congelati gutta proderit nasi, et aestuantem basiant et algentem, ^ Made foul by bathers of impure habits: cf. ii. xlii.; vi. Ixxxi. 2 A German slave had prevented a freeborn Roman boy from drinking of a reservoir fed by the aqua Marcia, * ?°4 BOOK XI. xcv-xcviii XCV Whenever you run across the kisses of some rascals think you are plunging your head, Flaccus, into a bath-tub.^ XCVI 'Tis Marcia, not Rhine, that jets here, German ; why withstand and elbow the boy from the gush of the precious pool ? Barbarian, 'tis not meet that a citizen be thrust aside, and the victor's fountain slake a captive's thirst.^ XCVII I CAN dally with four women in a single night, but may I die if I could in four years dally with you, Thelesilla, once ! XCVIII 'Tis impossible, Flaccus, to get free from kissers;^ they press on you, stay you, follow j-ou up, meet you, and from this side and from that, no matter when, wherever. No malignant ulcer or inflamed pustules, nor diseased chin * and dirty scabs, nor lips smeared with oily salve, nor icicle on a frozen nose, will protect you. They kiss you both when you are hot and when you are cold, and when ' See on the same subject vii. xcv. and xii. lix. * An allusion to the mentagra, a skin disease attacking first the chin, and propagated by kissing: cf. Pliny, N.H. xxvi. 2, 3. It was brought to Rome from Asia in Tiberias' reign. Pliny says that women, and slaves, and the plebs were immune. 3°5 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et nuptiale basium reservantem. non te cucullis adseret caput tectum, 10 lectica nee te tuta pelle veloque, <|1 nee vindicabit sella saepius clusa : rimas per omnis basiator intrabit. non consulatus ipse, non tribunatus senive fasces nee superba clamosi 15 lictoris abiget virga basiatorem : sedeas in alto tu licet tribunali et e curuli iura gentibus reddas, ascendet ilia basiator atque ilia. febricitantem basiabit et flentem, 20 dabit oscitanti basium natantique, dabit cacanti. remedium mali solum est, facias amicum basiare quern nolis. XCIX De cathedra quotiens surgis (iam saepe notavi), pedicant miserae, Lesbia, te tunicae. quas cum conata es dextra, conata sinistra vellere, cum lacrimis eximis et gemitu : sic constringuntur magni Symplegade culi 5 et nimias intrant Cyaneasque natis. emendare cupis vitium deforme ? docebo : Lesbia, nee surgas censeo nee sedeas. * The praetor was preceded by a lictor, or beadle, and by six attendants carrying bundles of rods surrounding an axe (fasces). 306 BOOK XI. xcviii-xcix you are keeping a kiss for your bride. A head shrouded in a cowl will not free you, nor a litter defended with head and curtain ; nor will a sedan, though oftener closed, protect you : through any chink the kisser will enter. Not even the very consul's office, not the tribunate, nor the six fasces, nor the lordly rod of the clamorous lictoi',^ will drive off the kisser : you may be sitting on a high tribunal, and from curule chair be declaring the laws to the nations, the kisser will climb up to that place and to that. When you are fevered he will kiss you, and when you are in tears ; he will give a kiss to you when you are yawning, and when you are swim- ming ; he will give it when you are in the jakes Remedy for the evil is this alone : make a friend of a man you don't want to kiss.^ XCIX Whenever you get up from your chair — I have often noticed it ere now — your unhappy garments, Lesbia, treat you indecently. When you attempt with your right hand, attempt witl\ your left, to pluck them away, you wrench them out with tears and groans ; they are so gripped by the straits of your mighty rump, and enter a pass difficult and Cyanean.^ Do you wish to cure this ugly defect.'* I will instruct you : Lesbia, I advise you neither to get up nor to sit down I ^ i.e. who, if he be really your friend, will respect your wish not to be kissed. •* The Symple'jades, or Cyaneae riipef<, were tM'o rocks at the entrance of the Bosphorus that were said to clash together and crush ships : cf. vii. xix, 3. 307 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL C Habere amicam nolo, Flacce, subtilem, cuius lacertos anuli mei cin£!;ant, quae clune nudo radat et genu pungat, cui serra lurabis, cuspis eminet culo. sed idem amicam nolo mille librarum. 5 carnarius sum, pinguarius non sum. CI Thaida tam tenuem potuisti, Flacce, videre? tu, puto, quod non est, Flacce, videre potes. CII NoN est mentitus qui te mihi dixit habere formosam carnem, Lydia, non faciem. est ita, si taceas et si tam muta recumbas quam silet in cera vultus et in tabula, sed quotiens loquei-is, carnem quoque, Lydia, perdis 5 et sua plus nulli quam tibi lingua nocet. audiat aedilis ne te videatque caveto : portentum est, quotiens coepit imago loqui. cm Tanta tibi est animi probitas orisque, Safroni, ut mirer fieri te potuisse patrem, ^ It was the duty of the aedile to note and report all prodigies, such as a talking statue. M. means that Lydia is 308 BOOK XL c-cni C I don't wish, Flaccus, to have a mistress who is thin, whose arms my rings can go round, who rasps me with her skinny haunch and pricks me with her knee, from whose spine protrudes a saw, from whose latter-end a spear. But all the same I reject a mistress a thousand pounds' weight : I am an admirer of flesh — of tallow, no ! CI Could you see Thais who is so thin, Flaccus? You, I think, are able, Flaccus, to see what does not exist. CII He was not wrong who told me that you had a beautiful complexion, Lydia, but no expression. 'Tis so, should you not speak, and should you recline as mute as a silent face depicted in wax and in a picture. But as often as you talk you ruin, Lydia, even your complexion, and her tongue spoils no woman more than you. Take care the aedile does not hear and see you ! ^ It is a portent whenever an image begins to speak. cm Such is your modesty in mind and aspect, Safro- nius, that I wonder you have managed to become a father. only a beautiful image. A similar idea is found in a Greek epigram : Pal. Anth. xi. 420. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CIV Uxor, vade foras aut moribus utere nostris : non sum ego nee Curius nee Numa nee Tatius. me iucunda iuvant tractae per pocula noctes : tu properas pota surgere tristis aqua, tu tenebris gaudes : me ludere teste lucerna et iuvat admissa rumpere luce latus. fascia te tunicaeque obscuraque pallia celant : at mihi nulla satis nuda puella iacet. basia me capiunt blandas imitata columbas: tu mihi das aviae qualia mane soles. 10 nee motu dignaris opus nee voce iuvare j nee digitis, tamquam tura merumque pares : masturbabantur Phrygii post ostia servi, Hectoreo quotiens sederat uxor equo, et quamvis Ithaco stertente pudica solebat 15 illic Penelope semper habere manum. pedicare negas : dabat hoc Cornelia Graccho, Julia Pompeio, Porcia, Brute, tibi ; dulcia Dardanio nondum miscente ministro pocula, Juno fuit pro Ganymede lovi. 20 si te delectat gravitas, Lucretia toto sis licet usque die ; Laida nocte volo. cv MiTTEBAS libram, quadrantem, Garrice, mittis. saltem semissem, Garrice, solve mihi. * Types of ancient Roman manners. ^ i.e. for purposes of a vow, or of purification in a temple. Chastity on the previous night (sometimes for ten clays : Prop. III. xxii. 62) wa3 essential according to the rites of 310 BOOK XI. civ-cv CIV Wife, out of my house, or conform to my ways ; no Curius am I, oi' Numa, or Tatius.^ Nights drawn out by clieerful cups are my pleasure : you with a sad air haste to get up after drinking water. You dehght in darkness : it pleases me to revel, with the lamp my witness, and to strain my flanks though I have admitted daylight. A breast-band, and a tunic, and opaque robes conceal you ; but for me no girl lies naked enough. Kisses that are like those of caressing doves attract me ; you give me such as you are wont in the morning to give your grandmother. Nor by gesture, nor by words, speech, or fingers, do you deign to accommodate me, just as if you were getting ready incense and wine.^ I Frigii servi masturbavano dietro le porte ogni volta che la moglie sedeva su I'Ettoreo cavallo, e Itaco quantunque russante, la pudica Penelope suoleva aver sempre cola la mano. Tu ricusi pedicare: Cornelia accordava ci6 a Gracco, Giulia a Pompeo, e Porzia a te, Bruto ; il Dardanio ministro quando non mischiava i dolci bicchieri, Giunone era a Giove in vece di Ganymede. If austerity please you, you may be Lucretia all through the day : Lais 1 wish for at night. cv You used to send me a pound's weight ; a quarter, Garricus, you now send. At least pay me half, Garricus.^ Ceres (Ov. Am. III. x. 2) or of Isis : Ov. Am. i. viii. 74: Tib. I. iii. 25. ^ cf. X. Ivii. M. humorously treats the present as a debt. Moreover payment should be reduced gradually : cf. viii, Ixxi. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CVI ViBi Maxima, si vacas havere, hoc tantum lege : namque et occupatus et non es nimium laboriosus. transis hos quoque quattuor? sapisti. CVII ExPLiciTUM nobis usque ad sua cornua libruni et quasi perlectum, Septiciane, refers. omnia legisti. credo, scio, gaudeo, verum est. perlegi libros sic ego quiuque tuos. CVIII Quamvis tam longo possis satur esse libello, lector, adhuc a me disticha pauca petis. sed Lupus usuram puerique diaria poscunt. lector, solve, taces dissimulasque ? vale. ^ The cornua were the knobs at the end of the roller (umbilims) round which the parchment or papyrus was wrapped. The text means "unrolled to the very end." 312 BOOK XL cvi-cviii CVI ViBius Maximus, if you have time for a greeting, read this only ; for you are both engaged and not over-industrious. Do you skip even these four lines ? You are wise. CVII You return rae my book unrolled to its very horns,i and as if, Septicianus, you had read it through. " You have read it all." I believe it, I know it, 1 am glad, what you say is true. I have read through your five books in the same way.^ CVIII Although with so long a book you may well be sated, reader, you still ask for a few distichs from me. But Lupus ^ requires his interest, and my slaves their rations. Reader, pay me. Do you say nothing, and pretend you don't understand .'' Good bye ' * i.e. not read it at all. * A moneylender I K VOL. II. 3U i BOOK XII LIBER DUODECIMUS Valerius Martialis Prisco suo Salutem Scio me patrocinium debere contumacissimae trienni desidiae ; quo absolvenda non esset inter illas quoque urbicas occupationes, quibus facilius con- sequimur ut molesti potius quam ut officios! esse videamur ; nedum in hac provinciali solitudine, ubi nisi etiam intemperanter studemus, et sine solacio et sine excusatione secessimus. accipe ergo rationem. in qua hoc maximum et primum est, quod civitatis aures quibus adsueveram quaero, et videor mihi in alieno foro litigare ; si quid est enim quod in libellis meis placeat, dictavit auditor : illam iudiciorum sub- tilitatem, illud materiarum ingenium, bibliothecas theatra convictus, in quibus studere se voluptates non sentiunt, ad summam omnium ilia quae delicati reliquimus desideramus quasi destituti. accedit his municipalium robigo dentium et iudici loco livor, et unus aut alter mali, in pusillo loco multi ; adversus quod difficile est habere cotidie bonum stomachum : 316 BOOK XII Valerius Martialis to his Priscus sends Greeting I KNOW that I ought to offer some plea in defence of a most obstinate three-years' indolence ; yet no such plea could have secured an acquittal even amid those City pursuits in which we more easily succeed in appearing troublesome than dutiful ; ^ much less in this provincial solitude, where, unless we study even immoderately, retirement is at once without solace and without excuse. Hear, then, my reasons. Of these this is the most important and first of all : I miss that audience of my fellow-citizens to which I had grown accustomed, and seem to myself a pleader in a strange court ; for whatever is popular in my small books my hearer inspired. That subtlety of judgment, that inspiration of the subject, the libra- ries, theatres, meeting-places, where pleasure is a student without knowing it — to sum up all, those things which fastidiously I deserted I regret, like one desolate. Added to this is the back-biting of my fellow-townsmen, and envy ousting judgment, and one or other evilly disposed persons — a host in a tiny place — a circumstance against which it is ' The allusion is to the so-called "duties" of a client which in reality bored the patron. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ne mireris igitur abiecta ab indignante quae a gestiente fieri solebant. ne quid tamen et advenienti tibi ab urbe et exigenti negarem (cui non refero gratiam, si tantum ea praesto quae possum), inperavi mihi quod indulgere consueram, et studui paucissimis diebus, ut familiarissimas mihi aures tuas exciperem adventoria sua. tu velim ista, quae tantum apud te non periclitantur, diligenter aestimare et excutere non graveris ; et, quod tibi difficillimum est, de nugis nostris iudices candore ^ seposito ne Romam, si ita decreveris, non Hispaniensem librum mittamus sed Hispanum. Retia dum cessant latratoresque Molossi et non invento silva quiescit apro, otia, Prisce, brevi poteris donare libello. hora nee aestiva est nee tibi tota perit. ^ candore Housman, nidort $, nitore y, nimio favore Munro. ^ The cena adventoria was a dinner given to one arriving from abroad. The phrase here represents a book of epigrams which was handed to Terentius Priscus on his arrival in Spain in the winter of 101, and immediately forwarded to Rome. This book, having been written paucissimis diebus, is probably the brevis libelhis of xii. i. 3, and not Book XII. as we have it, which was probably an enlarged edition, perhaps compiled eveq after Martial's death, and which 318 BOOK XII. I difficult every day to keep a good stomach ; do not wonder therefore that occupations have been cast aside in repugnance which I used to follow with ardour. Yet, not to deny you anything on your arriving from the City and claiming it — and I am not shewing you any fitting thanks if I do only what I can — I have enjoined on myself a task that I used to allow myself as a pleasure, and have de- voted a very few days to study that I might greet your ears, my most friendly hearer, with their due feast of welcome.^ I would wish you not to think it a trouble to weigh with care and to scrutinise those efforts that, in your hands alone are in no danger, and — what is most difficult for you — to judge my trifling eff"usions with especial impartiality, so that, if you decide it should go, I may not transmit to Rome a book, not merely written in Spain, but Spanish. While the nets are idle, and your barking Mo- lossian hounds, and the wood is at rest, now you have found no boar, you will be able, Priscus, to bestow your leisure on my small volume.^ The hour is neither summer's nor is it lost to you wholly.^ certainly contains epigrams written earlier than 101, e.g. vi., viii., xi., and xv. So Friedliinder. 2 Studious men used to read or write in the intervals of the chase : Plin. £Jp. i. 6 ; v. 18. 3 " It will take you less time to read, and the time will be weH spent." A Roman hour, being a twelfth of the time between sunrise and sunset, was shorter in winter. 3^9 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL II Quae modo litoreos ibatis carmina Pyrgos, ite Sacra, iam non pulverulenta, via. Ill Ad populos mitti qui nuper ab urbe solebas, ibis io Romam nunc peregrine liber auriferi de gente Tagi tetricique Salonis, dat patrios amnes ^ quos mihi terra potens. non tamen hospes eris nee iam potes advena dici cuius habet fratres tot domus alta Remi. lure tuo veneranda novi pete limina templi, reddita Pierio sunt ubi templa choro. vel si malueris, prima gradiere Subura ; atria sunt illic consulis alta mei : 10 laurigei'os habitat facundus Stella penatis, clarus lantheae Stella sititor aquae ; fons ibi Castalius vitreo toi-rente superbit, unde novem dominas saepe bibisse ferunt : ille dabit populo patribusque equitique legendum 15 nee nimium siccis perleget ipse genis. quid titulum poscis ? versus duo tresve legantur, clamabunt omnes te, liber, esse meum. 1 amnes quos Housman, manes quod y, manes quae 0. tibi 0. 1 The book went by sea to Pyrgi, an ancient town in Etruria on the Via Aurelia, about 26 English miles N.W. of Rome, and was to enter Rome by the Via Sacra, which in December would not be dusty. The distich seems to be a fragment. 320 BOOK XII. ii-iii II I Ye poems of mine that went of late to Pyrgi on the coast, go thence by the Sacred Way : it is not dusty now.^ Ill You that lately used to be sent from the City to the provinces, ho ! you will now go to Rome, O foreign book, from the people of gold-bearing Tagus and of rugged Salo, native streams that a great land makes mine. Yet you will not be a stranger, nor can you now be called a visitor, whose many brothers the lofty house of Remus holds. Of your own right make for the reverend threshold of the new temple where a fane has been restored to the Pierian choir. '^ Or, if you prefer, you will walk through the entrance to the Subura ; there stands the high hall of my consul ; eloquent Stella inhabits a house crowned with bay ^ — illustrious Stella, who thirsts for the stream of his lanthis;* a fount of Castaly there proudly wells with its glassy torrent, whereof the Nine Dames oft, they say, have drunk. He will give you to people and senate and knight to be read, nor with eyes over- tearless will he himself read you through. Why do you require a title .'' Let two or three verses be read : all will cry that you, O book, are mine. * Either the Temple of Apollo on the Palatine, rebuilt by Augustus (cf. Hor. Od. i. xxxi), with a portico attached and library of Greek and Latin books : Suet. Aug. xxix. ; or thu Temple of Augustus, to which was added a library dedicated to the Muses, which Domitian removed and Trajan restored. * Stella was consul a.d. 101. * Stella had called a spring in his house after his wife lanthis : cf. vii. xv. 1. 321 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL rv Quod Flacco Varioque fuit summoque Maroni Maecenas^ atavis regibus ortus eques, gentibus et populis hoc te mihi, Prisce Terenti, fama fuisse loquax chartaque dicet anus. tu facis ingenium, tu, si quid posse videmur ; tu das ingenuae ius mihi pigritiae. LoNGioR undecimi nobis decimique libelli artatus labor est et breve rasit opus, plura legant vacui, quibus otia tuta dedisti : haec lege tu, Caesar ; forsan et ilia leges. VI CoNTiGiT Ausoniae procerum mitissimus aulae Nerva : licet toto ^ nunc Helicone frui : recta Fides, hilaris Clementia, cauta Potestas iam redeunt ; longi terga dedere Metus. hoc populi gentesque tuae, pia Roma, precantur : 5 dux tibi sit semper talis, et iste diu. macte animi, quem rarus habes, morumque tuorum, quos Numa, quos hilaris possit habere Cato. largiri, praestare, breves extendere census et dare quae faciles vix tribuere dei, 10 1 tuto Fried!. ^ A quotation from Hor. Od. i. i. 1. ^ Horace, Varius, and Virgil. 322 BOOK XII. iv-vi IV What Maecenas, a knight sprung from ancestral kings,! ^as to Flaccus and Varius and illustrious Maro,2 this chattering fame and antique records shall tell the nations and provinces, Priscus Teren- tius, that you were to me. You create my genius, you create whatever power I seem to show ; you give me the free man's right of idleness. The too lengthy labour of my eleventh and tenth books has been shortened, and has filed down mv work to a brief compass. Let idle men, to whom you have given protected leisure, read a fuller number ; do you, Caesar, read these : perhaps you will read > those too ! ^ VI Mildest of princes, Nerva* has attained the Ausonian hall : we may enjoy now full draughts of Helicon. Steadfast Honour, cheerful Clemency, chastened Power now return ; long lasting Terrors have turned to flight. This prayer thy peoples and nations make, duteous Rome — may thy Chief be ever such as he, and he abide long! Blessings on thy heart — the heart of few — and on thy manners, such as a Numa, such as a Cato in cheerful mood might possess ! To be bounteous, to lend protection, to enlarge narrow incomes, and to bestow gifts which even the gracious gods have scarce given, is now ^ M. had published a selection from Bks. X. aud XI. He hopes Caesar will read the fuller work. ♦ He became Emperor a.d. 96. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nunc licet et fas est. sed tu sub principe duro temporibusque malis ausus es esse bonus. VII ToTO vertice quot gerit capillos annos si tot habet Ligeia, trima est. VIII Terrarum dea gentiumque Roma, cui par est nihil et nihil secundum, Traiani mode laeta cum futures tot per saecula conputaret annos, et fortem iuvenemque Martiumque 5 in tanto duce militem videret, dixit praeside gloriosa tali : " Parthorum proceres ducesque Serum, Thraces, Sauromatae, Getae, Britanni, possum ostendere Caesarem ; venite." 10 IX Palma regit nostros, mitissime Caesar, Hiberos, et placido fruitur Pax peregrina iugo. ergo agimus laeti tanto pro munere grates; misisti mores in loca nostra tuos. Habet Africanus miliens, tamen captat. Fortuna multis dat nimis, satis nulli. 1 Under Domitian. '^ Nerva's successor, a.d. 98, in January. ' Trajan was born a.d. 52 at Italica, near Seville, BOOK XII. vi-x permitted and is right; but thou, under a hard prince and in evil times/ didst have courage to be good. \ VII If Ligeia has as many years as the number of hairs she carries on the whole of her head, she is three years old. VIII What time Rome, Goddess of Earth and of the nations, that has no peer and no second, was of late joyfully counting Trajan's ^ future years through so many generations, and saw a soldier strong, young, and warlike in so great a chief, glorying in such a governor, she said : " Ye rulers of the Parthians and chiefs of the Seres, Thracians, Sauromatians, Getians, Britons, I can show you a Caesar : come." IX Palma governs our ^ native Iberians, most gentle Caesar, and Peace beyond the sea enjoys his placid sway. Gladly therefore we pay thee thanks for a boon so great : thou hast sent into our land the manners that are thine. X Africanus possesses a hundred millions, yet he angles ^ for more. Fortune to many gives too much, enough to none. * As a captator or fortune-hunter : cf. IX. Ixxx. viii. ; xi. Iv. 325 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XI Parthenio die, Musa, tuo nostroque salutem : nam quis ab Aoriio largius amiie bibit ? cuius Pimpleo lyra clarior exit ab antro ? quem plus Pierio de grege Phoebus amat ? et si forte (sed hoc vix est sperare) vacabit, 5 tradat ut ipse duci carmina nostra roga, quattuor et tantum timidumque brevemque libellum commendet verbis " Hunc tua Roma legit." XII Omnia promittis cum tota nocte bibisti : mane nihil praestas. Pollio, mane bibe. XIII Genus, Aucte, lucri divites habent iram : odisse quam donare vilius constat. XIV Parcius utaris moneo rapiente veredo, Prisce, nee in lepores tam violentus eas. saepe satislecit praedae venator et acri deeidit excussus nee rediturus equo. insidias et campus habet : nee fossa nee agger 5 nee sint saxa licet, fallere plana solent. non derit qui tanta tibi spectacula praestet ^ invidia fati sed leviore cadat.' * deerunt — praestent Py. * cadant p. ^ The Emperor's secretary : cf. v, vi. 2 ; Xl. i. He was murdered by the Praetorian guard in a.d. 97. 326 BOOK XII. xi-xiv XI Bear greeting, Muse, to your Parthenius^ and mine ; for who more fully drinks of the Aonian stream ? Whose lyre with clearer tone sounds forth from Pimpla's grot ? Whom of the Pierian band loves Phoebus more ? And if by chance — yet can I scarce so hope— he shall be at leisure, bid him offer with his own hand my verses to our Chief, and in four words only let him commend my shrinking and brief little^ book: "This thy Rome reads." XII You promise everything when you have drunk all night : in the morning you make good no promise. PoUio, drink in the morning ! XIII Rich men, Auctus, regard anger as a kind of profit ; to hate is cheaper than to give ! ^ XIV Use more sparingly, I warn you, Priscus, your tearing hunter, nor rush so violently after hares. Often has the huntsman atoned to his prey, and, flung from his mettled horse, fallen to mount no more. Snares even a plain has : though there be no ditch, nor mound, nor stones, level ground can oft de- ceive. Never will you lack some one to offer you such a sight, but let it be one whose fall brings lighter "^ Possibly the selection alluded to in xii. v. ' Picking quarrels with clients saves you giving them presents : c/". iii. xxxvii. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL si te delectant animosa pericula, Tuscis (tutior est virtus) insidiemur apris. 10 quid te frena iuvant temeraria ? saepius illis, Prisccj datum est equitem rumpere quam leporem. XV QuiDQUiD Parrhasia nitebat aula donatum est oculis deisque nostris. ,j miratur Scythicas virentis auri flammas luppiter et stupet superbi regis delicias gravesque luxus : haec sunt poeula quae decent Tonantem, haec sunt quae Phrygium decent ministrum omnes cum love nunc sumus beati ; at nuper (pudet, a pudet fateri) omnes cum love pauperes eramus. XVI Addixti, Labiene, tres agellos ; emisti, Labiene, tres cinaedos. pedicas, Labiene, tres agellos. XVII QuARE tarn multis a te, Laetine, diebus non abeat febris quaeris et usque gemis. gestatur tecum pariter tecumque lavatur ; cenat boletos, ostrea, sumen, aprum ; 10 1 The Palatine is called Parrhasian because Evander, who settled ou the P., came from Parrhasia, a district of Arcadia : cf. VII. Ivi. 2 and xcix. 3. 328 BOOK XII. xiv-xvii reproach of fate. If perilous hardihood dehght you, let us then — safer is such courage — lay snares for Tuscan boars. Why does rash riding please you ? More often its issue, Priscus, is to break up the rider rather than the hare. I Au. that glittered in the Palatine ^ hall has been given to our view and to our gods.^ Jupiter wonders at the flashing of gold set with Scythian emeralds, and is amazed at the toys and grievous luxury of a haughty king ' ; here are cups that befit the Thun- derer, here are such as befit his Phrygian cupbearer;* we all, together with Jove, are now rich ; but of late — 'tis shame, ah, 'tis shame to confess it !— we all, together with Jove, were poor. XVI You have sold, Labienus, three small fields ; you have bought, Labienus, three favourites. You defile, Labienus, your three small fields. XVII You ask, Laetinus, why, after so many days, your fever doesn't leave you, and you are incessantly groaning. It rides in your litter with you, and with you it bathes ; it dines on mushrooms, oysters, ^ Trajan dedicated the Imperial jewels to Jupiter Capito- linus and other gods. » t e. Domitian. M. chooses in "king" the term most offenKive to a Roman ear. * Ganymede. 329 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ebria Setino fit saepe et saepe Falerno 5 nee nisi per niveam Caecuba potat aquam ; circumfusa rosis et nigra recumbit aniomo, dormit et in pluma purpureoque toro. i^ cum sit ei pulchre, cum tam bene vivat apud te^ ad Damam potius vis tua febris eat ? 10 XVIII AX DuM tu forsitan inquietus erras clamosa, luvenalis, in Subura aut collem doniinae teris Dianae ; dum per liniina te potentiorum sudatrix toga ventilat vagumque 5 maior Caelius et minor fatigant : me multos repetita post Decembres / accepit mea rusticumque fecit auro Bilbilis et superba ferro. hie pigri colimus labore dulci 10 Boterdum Plateamque (Celtiberis liaec sunt nomina crassiora terris) : ingenti fruor inproboque somno quem nee tertia saepe rumpit hora, et totum mi hi nunc repono quidquid 15 ,/ ter denos vigilaveram per annos. / ^_i ignota est toga, sed datur petenti , , ' ^ ^ rupta proxima vestis a cathedra, (a A^a/ surgentem focus excipit superba i^. vicini strue cultus iliceti, 20 multa vilica quem coronat olla. venator sequitur, sed ille quem tu 330 BOOK XII. xvii-xviii sow's paps, boar ; it often gets drunk on Setine, and often on Falernian, and drinks Caecuban only when strained through snow-water ; wreathed with roses and dark with balsam it hes at board, and it sleeps in down and on a purple bed. Seeing it is so well- off, seeing it lives so comfortably with you, do you wish your fever to migrate in preference to Dama ? ^ XVIII While perchance you are restlessly wandering, Juvenal, in the noisy Subura, or treading the hill of Queen Diana ; while, amid the thresholds of great men, your sweaty toga fans you, and, as you stray, the greater Caelian and the less ^ wearies you, me my Bilbilis, sought once more after many Decem- bers, has received and made a countryman, Bilbilis, proud of its gold and iron. Here indolently, with pleasant toil, I frequent Boterdus and Platea (such in Celtiberian lands are the uncouth names !) ; I enjoy a huge unconscionable sleep which often not even the third hour breaks, and I pay myself now in full for all my sleeplessness for thrice ten years. Unknown is the toga ; rather, when I ask for it, the first covering at hand is given to me from a broken chair. When I get up, a fire, served with a lordly heap of logs from the neighbouring oak-wood, wel- comes me, and my bailiff's wife crowns it with many a pot. Next comes my huntsman, and he too a ^ A slave (c/. Hor. Sat. ii. v. 18), or a beggar. A Greek epigram (Pal. Anth. xi. 403), which M. may have remembered, has the same idea as the last line of this epigram. ^ The Mona Caelius properly consisted of the Caelius and the Cadiolus, a lesser height. 33^ THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL fv ^ secreta cupias habere silva : \ ' '■ dispensat pueris rogatque longos levis ponere Vilicus capillos. '7(.a^,.x 25 sic me vivere, sic iuvat perire. ^, XIX In thermis sumit lactucas, ova, lacertunij et cenare domi se negat Aemilius. XX QuARE non habeat, Fabulle, quaeris uxorem Themison ? habet sororem. XXI MuNiciPEM rigidi quis te, Marcella, Salonis et genitam nostris quis putet esse locis ? tarn rarum, tam dulce sapis. Palatia dicent, audierint si te vel semel, esse suam ; nulla nee in media certabit nata Subura 5 nee Capitolini collis alumna tibi ; nee cito ridebit ^ peregrini gloria partus, Romanam deceat quam magis esse nurum. tu desiderium dominae mihi mitius urbis esse iubes: Romam tu mihi sola facis. 10 XXII Quam sit lusca Philaenis indecenter vis dicam breviter tibi, Fabulle ? esset caeca decentior Philaenis. 1 ridebit. parehit Munro. * cf. V. xlvii. What he takes at the baths is all he will get. BOOK XII. xviii-xxii youth whom you would desire to consort with in some secret grove. The unbearded bailiff gives my slaves their rations, and asks permission to crop his long hair. So I love to live, so I love to die. XIX At the warm baths Aemilius takes lettuce, eggs, lizard-fish, and says that he is not dining at home ! ^ XX Do you ask, Fabullus, why Themison has not got a wife ? He has ^ a sister. XXI Who would think, Marcella,^ that you were a . burgess of iron-tempering* Salo, who, that you were born in my native land ? So rare, so sweet is your quality ! The Palatine will declare, should it but hear you once, that you are its own ; nor will a daughter of mid Subura, nor a nursling of the Capitoline hill, vie with you ; nor soon shall the fairest of foreign birth laugh at one whom it would more befit to be a Roman bride. You bid my long- ing for the Queen City be allayed : you by yourself make a Rome for me ! XXII Would you have me say shortly how uncomely one-eyed Philaenis is, Fabullus .'' If she were blind Philaenis would be comelier. ^ Used ambiguously in two senses. As to one sense : cf. Qnis heri Chrysidem habuit? Ter. And. 85; and line 23 of Ep. xviii. of this Book. So ex*"' in Grk. : Thuc. vi. 54. 3 cf. Intr. to vol. i. p. xi , and xil. xxxi. * cf. l. xlix. 12. 333 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXIII Dentibus atque comis (nee te pudet) uteris emptis. quid facies oculo, Laelia ? non emitur. XXIV O lUcuNDA, covinne, solitudo, carruca magis essedoque gratum facundi mihi munus Aeliani ! hie mecum licet, hie, lubate,^ quidquid in buccam tibi venerit loquaris. 5 non rector Libyci niger caballi succinctus neque cursor anteeedit ; nusquam est mulio : mannuli tacebunt. o si conscius esset liic Avitus, aurem non ego tertiam timerem. 10 totus quam bene sic dies abiret ! XXV Cum rogo te nummos sine pignore, ' Non habeo* inquis ; idem, si pro me spondet agellus, habes. quod mihi non credis veteri, Telesine, sodali, credis coliculis arboribusque meis ? ecce reum Carus te detulit : adsit agellus. exilii comitem quaeris : agellus eat. 5 ' lubate Postgate, iuvate codd. 1 cf. Pal. Anth. xi. 310. ^ Stertinius Avitus. who had placed a bust of M. in his library : cf. ix. Intr. Ep. 334 BOOK XII. xxiii-xxv XXIII You use, and you are not ashamed, teeth and hair that you have bought. What will you do for an eye, Laelia? That cannot be bought.^ XXIV O THOU chaise, that afFordest pleasant solitude, the gift to me of eloquent Aelianus, more grateful than travelling-coach and curricle! Here at my side, here may you, Jubatus, say whatever rises to your lips. No black driver of Libyan steed, nor runner with upgirt loins goes before ; nowhere is any muleteer ; the nags will be silent. Oh, if Avitus ^ were here to share our secrets, I should dread no third ear ! How well thus would a whole day pass ! XXV When I ask you for money without security, "I haven't any," you say ; all the same, if my little farm pledge itself on my behalf, you have. The credit you will not give me, your old comrade, Telesinus, do you give my cabbages and trees } See, Carus ^ has informed against you : let my little farm appear for you ; you ask for a companion in exile : * let my little farm go with you. * Mettius Carus, a favourite dwarf of Nero's and an in- former : Juv. i. 36. The name is here put generally for an informer. ■» To follow a friend into exile was the highest proof of friendship : cf. vii. xliv, and xlv. 335 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXVI Sexagena teras cum limina mane senator, esse tibi videor desidiosus eques, quod non a prima discurram luce per urbem et referam lassus basia mille domum. sed tu, purpureis ut des nova nomina fastis 5 aut Nomadum gentes Cappadocumve regas : at mihi, quem cogis medics abrumpere somnos et matutinum ferre patique lutum, quid petitur ? rupta cum pes vagus exit aluta et subitus crassae decidit imber aquae 10 nee venit ablatis clamatus verna lacernis, accedit gelidam servus ad auriculam, et * Rogat ut secum cenes Laetorius ' inquit. viginti nummis? non ego : malo famem quam sit cena mihi, tibi sit provincia merces, 15 et faciamus idem nee mereamur idem. XXVII A LATRONiBus essc te fututam dicis, Saenia : sed negant latrones. XXVIII PoTo ego sextantes, tu potas, Cinna, deunces : et quereris quod non, Cinna, bibamus idem ? ' i.e. become a consul. Consul's names were entered in the Fasti in the Temple of Janus : cf. viii. Ixvi. 12 ; xi. iv. 5. * "Negant te impulsam ab iis ; vel negant hoc, aiuntque te inhonestius quippiam passani esse ": r/. xii. xixv. 11^ BOOK XII. xxvi-xxviii XXVI Inasmuch as you, though a senator, tread innumer- able thresholds in the morning, I, a knight, appear to you slothful because I do not scour the city from early dawn, and wearily bring home with me a thousand kisses. But you do this that you may add a new name to the purple records,^ or be sent to govern Numidian or Cappadocian tribes. But I, whom you compel to break ofF my slumber in the middle, and to bear and endure the morning mud, what do I look for? When my protruding foot gapes out of a broken shoe, and a sudden downpour of heavy rain falls, and my home-born slave, who has taken away my cloak, does not appear when I bawl for him, a slave approaches my frozen ear and " Lae- torius asks you to dine with him," he says. For twenty sesterces a head ? Not I : I prefer starva- tion to getting a dinner as reward, while you get a province, and to our perfoi-ming the same services and not earning the same recompense. XXVII You say, Saenia, you were raped by footpads ; but the footpads deny it.^ XXVIII I DRINK cups containing two measures; you, Cinna, drink cups holding eleven. And do you then com- plain, Cinna, that we don't drink the same wine ? ^ ' It was a vulgar habit of some hosts to give their guests inferior food or wine to what the host and his particular friends ate or drank : cf. VI. xi. 2 ; Plin. Ep. ii. vi. 2. See on the subject generally Juv. v. In the epigram in the text the host excuses himself: "You cannot expect the best wine if you drink so much." ^-» THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXIX Hermogenes tantus mapparura, Pontice, fur est quantus nummorum vix, puto, Massa fuit ; tu licet observes dextram teneasque sinistram, inveniet mappam qua ratione trahat : cervinus gelidum sorbet sic halitus anguem ; 5 casuras alte sic rapit Iris aquas, nuper cum Myrino peteretur missio laeso^ subduxit mappas quattuor Hermogenes; cretatam praetor cum vellet mittere majipam, praetori mappam surpuit Hermogenes. 10 attulerat mappam nemo dum furta timentur ; mantele a mensa surpuit Hermogenes. hoc quoque si derit, medios discingere lectos mensarumque pedes non timet Hermogenes. quamvis non modico caleant spectacula sole, 15 vela reducuntur cum venit Hermosrenes. festinant trepidi substringere carbasa nautae, ad portum quotiens paruit Hermogenes. linigeri fugiunt calvi sistrataque turba, inter adorantes cum stetit Hennogenes. " 20 ad cenam Hermogenes mappam non attulit umquam, a cena semper rettulit Hermogenes. ^ Hermes was the thief among the gods : cf. Hor. Od. i. x. 7; accordingly M. invents the name "Sprung of Hermes." '^ Stealing napkins was common, and was satirised by Catullus (Cat. xii.). ' Probably Baebius Massa, a mountebank of Nero's : Schol. on Juv. i. 35. He was, on the accusation of the younger Pliny, condemned A.D. 93 for embezzlement when proconsul of Hispania Baetica. * The left was the thievish hand (Cat. xlvii. 1 ; Ov. Met. xiii. 110 (natasque ad furta sinistras)) ; hence M.'s distinction between watching and holding. BOOK XII. XXIX XXIX Hermogenes^ is as great a thief, Ponticus, of nap- kins^ as I hardly imagine even Massa^ was of money. You may watch his right hand and hold his left,* he will discover some method of withdrawing a napkin. So a stag's breath sucks up a clammy snake,^ so Iris** plucks up the waters that will afterwards fall from on high. Of late when a discharge was sought for wounded Myrinus, Hermogenes filched four nap- kins ; "^ when the praetor wanted to throw his white napkin,^ Hermogenes pilfered his napkin from the praetor. When no one had brought a napkin, in fear of theft, Hermogenes pilfered the table-cloth from off the table. If this, too, is not to be found, Hermogenes is not afraid to strip the valance from round the couches and the feet of the tables. Al- though the arena is burning under an immoderate sun, the awning is drawn back when Hermogenes arrives. Sailors in a panic hurry to brail up their canvas whenever Hermogenes has appeared at the port. Linen-clad, bald priests and the company with the timbrels^ fly when Hermogenes has taken his stand among the worshippers. To a dinner Hermo- genes has never brought a napkin : from a dinner Hermogenes has always carried a napkin home. ^ According to Pliny {N.H. viii. 50) stags with their breath drew serpents out of their holes : cf. also Lucr. vi. 765. ® The rainbow. "^ Handkerchiefs were waved when a discharge or quarter was wished by the spectators for a gladiator : c/. Lib. Sped. xxix. 3. * As a signal for the starting of the races in the circus. The praetor presided. " The priests and worshippers of Isis. The priests and initiates wore linen, and their heads were shaved : Juv. vi. 533. 339 I I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXX Siccus, sobrius est Aper ; quid ad me ? servum sic ego laudo, non amicum. XXXI Hoc nemus, hi fontes, haec textilis umbra supini palmitis, hoc riguae ductile flumen aquae, prataque, nee bifero cessura rosaria Paesto, quodque viret lani mense nee alget holus, quaeque natat clusis anguilla domestica lymphis, 5 quaeque gerit similes Candida turris aves, munera sunt dominae : post septima lustra reverse has Marcella domos parvaque regna dedit. si mihi Nausicaa patrios concederet hortos, Alcinoo possem dicere " Malo meos." 10 XXXII O luLiARUM dedecus Kalendarum, vidi, Vacerra, sarcinas tuas, vidi ; quas non retentas pensione pro bima portabat uxor rufa crinibus septem et cum sorore cana mater ingenti. 5 Furias putavi nocte Ditis emersas. has tu priores frigore et fame siccus et non recenti pallidus magis buxo Irus tuorum temporum sequebaris. misrare clivom crederes Aricinum. 10 ^ Paestum in Campania was celebrated for roses : cf. vi. Ixxx. 6. "Twice-bearing" was a common epithet: Verg. Q. iv. 119. 2 A Spanish lady to whom he also addresses xii. xxi. BOOK XII. xxx-xxxii XXX Aper is abstemious, sober : what is that to me ? A slave I praise so, not a friend. XXXI This grove, these founts, this matted shade of arching vine, this conduit of refreshing water, and the meadows, and the beds of rose that will not yield to twice-bearing Paestum,! and the pot-herb in January green, nor seared by frost ; and the tame eel that swims in its shut tank, and the white dove- cote that harbours birds as white — these are my lady's gifts : to me returned after seven lustres has Marcella^ given this house and tiny realm. If Nau- sicaa were to yield me her sire's gardens, I could say to Alcinous ^ " I prefer my own." XXXII O YOU disgrace of July's kalends,* I have seen your traps, Vacerra, I have seen them, the lot that was not distrained upon for two years' rent, and which your wife carried, red-headed with her seven curls, and your white-headed mother, together with your hulking sister. Furies were they, methought, emerged from the night of Dis ! These two ladies in front, you, parched with cold and hunger, and paler than faded boxwood, the Irus^ of your day, followed : you would have thought Aricia's hill ^ was * " The gardens of Alcinous," king of Phaeacia, was pro- verbial. * Quarter-day. ^ The beggar in the Odyssey who was beaten by Ulysses. * Where beggars took their stand : cf. ii. xix. 3. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ibat tripes grabatus et bipes mensa - et cum lucerna corneoque cratere matella curto rupta latere meiebat ; foco vireiiti suberat amphorae cervix ; fuisse gerres aut inutiles maenas 15 odor inpudicus urcei fatebatur, qualis marinae vix sit aura jnscinae. nee quadra derat casei Telosatis, quadrima nigri nee corona pulei calvaeque restes alioque caepisque, 20 ii( nee plena turpi matris olla resina ro Summemmianae qua pilantur uxores. quid quaeris aedes vilicosque derides, habitare gratis, o Vacerra, cum possis ? haec sarcinarum pompa convenit ponti. 25 XXXIII Ut pueros emeret Labienus vendidit hortos. nil nisi ficetum nunc Labienus habet. XXXIV Triginta mihi quattuorque messes tecum, si memini, fuere, luli. quarum dulcia mixta sunt amaris sed iucunda tamen fuere plura ; et si calculus omnis hue et illuc 5 diversus bicolorque digeratur, vincet Candida turba nigriorem, si vitare voles acerba quaedam et tristis animi cavere morsus, nulli te facias nimis sodalem : 10 gaudebis minus et minus dolebis. 342 BOOK XII. xxxii-xxxiv shifting ! There went along a three-legged truckle- bed and a two-legged table, and, alongside a lantern and bowl of cornel, a cracked chamberpot was making water through its broken side ; the neck of a flagon was lying under a brazier green with verdigris ; that there were salted gudgeons, too, or worthless sprats, the obscene stench of a jug confessed — such a stench as a whiff of a marine fish-pond would scarcely equal. Nor was there wanting a section of Tolosan cheese, nor a four-year-old chaplet of black pennyroyal, and ropes shorn of their garlic and onions, nor your mother's pot full of foul resin, the depilatory of dames under the walls. Why do you look for a house and scoff at rent-collectors when you can lodge tor nothing, O Vacerra ? This procession of your traps befits Beggars' bridge. XXXIII To purchase slaves, Labienus sold gardens. Now Labienus has nothing but a clump of figs.^ XXXIV Thirty summers and four there were which, if I mind me, I spent, Julius,"^ with you. Thereof the sweets were blended with the bitters, but yet were the pleasant things the more ; and if all the pebbles were sorted, on this side and on that, into two heaps of diverse colour, the white heap will outnumber that more dark. If you wish to shun some bitter- nesses and to beware of sorrows that gnaw the heart, to no man make yourself too much a comrade : your joy will be less and less will be your grief. ^ A play on the two meanings ofjictis : cf. i. Ixv. ; iv. lii. '^ His friend and namesake Julius Martialis. 343 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXV Tamquam sJmpliciter mecum, Callistrate, vivas, dicere percisum te mihi saepe soles. non es tarn simplex quam vis, Callistrate, credi. nam quisquis narrat talia plura tacet. XXXVI Libras quattuor aut duas amico algentemque togam brevemque laenam, interdum aureolos manu crepantis, possint ducere qui duas Kalendas, quod nemo nisi tu, Labulle, donas, 5 non es, crede mihi, bonus, quid ergo ? ut verum loquar, optimus malorum es. Pisones Senecasque Memmiosque et Crispos mihi redde, sed priores : fies protinus ultimus bonorum. 10 vis cursu pedibusque gloriari .'' Tigrim vince levemque Passerinum : nulla est gloria praeterire asellos. XXXVII Nasutus nimium cupis videri. nasutum volo, nolo polyposum, XXXVIII HuNC qui femineis noctesque diesque cathedris incedit tota notus in urbe nimis. ^ cf. IV. xlviii. 1. ' Racehorses : cf. vii. vii. 10. 344 BOOK XII. xxxv-xxxviii XXXV As if you lived with me on the frankest terms, Callistratus, you are used often to tell me you have been debauched.^ You are not so frank as you would have it believed, Callistratus ; for a man who blabs of such things, conceals more. XXXVI ( Four pounds of plate, or two, to a friend, and a shivering toga and short cloak, sometimes sovereigns that chink in your hand, sufficient to last over two kalends — because no one but you, Labullus, makes such presents, you are not, believe me, good at giving. What then ? To say the truth, you are the best of a bad lot. Give me back the Pisos, and the Senecas, and the Memmiuses, and the Crispuses — but those of former days — you will at once become the worst of a good lot. Would you pride yourself on your running and speed of foot ? Beat Tigris and nimble Passarinus : ^ there is no glory in outstripping donkeys. XXXVII You are over-anxious to appear a man with a nose.' I approve of a man with a nose : I object to one with a polypus. XXXVIII Here is a fellow who day and night parades in women's chairs* — one notorious through the whole ' i.e. a fine critic : cf. i. iii. 6 ; xiil. ii. 1. " Don't overdo it," says M. ; " your critical faculty has become a disease." * Effeminate men often used the woman's chair as a sedan : cf. X. xiii. 1 ; Juv. i. 65. VOL. II. M ^^^ THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL crine nitens, niger unguento, perlucidus ostro, ore tener, latus pectore, crure glaber, uxori qui saepe tuae comes inprobus haeret, lion est quod timeas, Candide : non futuit. XXXIX Odi te quia bellus es, Sabelle. res est putida, bellus et Sabelliis ; belluni denique malo quam Sabellum. tabescas utinam^ Sabelle, belle ! XL Mentiris, credo : recitas mala carmina, laudo : cantas, canto : bibis, Pontiliane, bibo : pedis, dissimulo : gemma vis ludere, vincor : res una est sine me quam facis, et taceo. nil tamen omnino praestas mihi. "Mortuus" inquis 5 "accipiara bene te." nil volo : sed morere. XLI Non est, Tucca, satis quod es gulosus : et dici cupis et cupis videri. XLII Barbatus rigido nupsit Callistratus Afro hac qua lege viro nubere virgo solet. Si ' Or " I prefer war" (Housman). 346 BOOK XII. xxxviii-xLii city — sleek of hair, dark with unguent, bright with purple, languishing of eye, broad of breast, smooth of shank, who often clings to your wife as an offi- cious attendant. You need not be alarmed, Can- didus : he is no practitioner. XXXIX I DETEST you because you are a pretty fellow, Sabellus. 'Tis a disgusting object, and so is pretty Sabellus. In a word, I prefer a pretty fellow ^ to Sabellus. May you go off into a pretty decline, Sabellus.^ XL You tell fibs, I believe you ; you recite poor poems, I praise them ; you sing, I sing ; you drink, Pontili- anus, I drink ; you break wind, I pretend not to hear ; you want to play at draughts, I am beaten ; there is one thing you do without my privity, and I hold my tongue. Yet you guarantee me nothing at all. "When I am dead," you say, "I will treat you well." I want nothing — nevertheless die ! XLI It is not enough, Tucca, that you are a glutton : you want to be called one, and you want to appear one. XLII Bearded Callistratus as a bride wedded the brawny Afer in the usual form as when a virgin weds a " The ep. is untranslatable in English so as to keep up the puns on the syllable " bell." 347 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL praeluxere faces, velarunt flammea vultus, nee tua defuerunt verba, Talasse, tibi. dos etiam dicta est. nondum tibi, Roma, videtur 5 hoc satis ? expectas numquid ut et pariat ? XLIII Facundos mihi de libidinosis legisti nimium, Sabelle, versus, quales nee Didymi sciunt puellae nee molles Elephantidos libelli. sunt illic Veneris novae figurae, 5 quales perditus audeat fututor, praestent et taceant quid exoleti, quo symplegmate quinque copulentur, qua plures teneantur a catena, extinctam liceat quid ad lucernam. 10 tanti non erat esse te disertum. XLIV Unice, cognato iunctum mihi sanguine nomen qui geris et studio corda propinqua meisj carmina cum facias soli cedentia fratri, pectore non minor es sed pietate prior, Lesbia cum lepido te posset amare Catullo^, 5 te post Nasonem blanda Corinna sequi. nee derant Zephyri si te dare vela iuvaret ; sed tu litus ainas. hoc quoque fratris habes. * cf. the nuptials of Nero and Pythagoras described by Tac. Ann. xv. 37. ' Unknown. BOOK XII. xLii-xLiv husband. The torches shone before him, a wedding- veil disgi/ised his face, nor were the words of thy song, God of Marriage, unheard. A dower even was arranged. Do you not yet think, O Rome, this is enough.'' Are you waiting also for an accouchement?^ XLIII Tu m'hai letto, O Sabello, dei versi troppo facondi di cose libidinose, che n6 le ragazze di Didimo^ sanno, ne gli effeminati Elefantidi^ libri. Qui vi sono nuove figure di venere, che il piij scellerato immembratore avventurebbe ; che i vecchi libertini fanno e tacciono ; con qual accoppiamento cinque sono legati ; da qual catena parecchi sono tenuti, qual cosa h permessa, estinta la lucerna. La materia non era si sublime per comparire eloquente. XLIV Unicus,* that bearest a name knit to mine by kin- dred blood, and a heart close allied to my studies, though thou shapest lays that yield the palm to thy brother alone, yet in genius art thou not less than he, albeit in mutual devotion greater. Lesbia might have loved thee as well as witty Catullus ; to thee, after Naso, might winsome Corinna have clung. Winds failed not didst thou wish to spread thy sails ; but thou lovest the shore : herein, too, art thou like thy brother. ' Elephantis wag a Greek poetess of the period who wrote lascivious poems. The Emperor Tiberius had these at his villa at Capreae as guidebooks to his lusts : Suet. Tib. xliii. * " Possibly a Valerius Unicus, only mentioned here." 349 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLV Haedina tibi pelle contegenti nudae tempora verticemque calvae festive tibi, Phoebe, dixit ille qui dixit caput esse calceatum. XLVI Vendunt carmina Gallus et Lupercus. sanos, Classice, nunc nega poetas. XLVII DiFKiciLis facilis, iucundus acerbus es idem :' ■ ( nee tecum possum vivere nee sine te. XLVIII BoLETOs et aprum si tamquam vilia ponis et non esse putas haec mea vota, volo : si fortunatum fieri me credis et heres vis scribi propter quinque Lucrina, vale, lauta tamen cena est : fateor, lautissima, sed eras 5 nil erit, immo hodie, protinus immo nihil, quod sciat infelix damnatae spongea virgae vel quicumque canis iunctaque testa viae : mullorum leporumque et suminis exitus hie est. sulpureusque color carnificesque pedes. 10 * As to such a covering cf. xiv. 1. " The last line is borrowed from Ovid, Am. in. xi. 39. ' Used for sanitary purposes. Seneca (Ep. 70) tells the story of a hestiarius who asked leave to retire to the latrine and choked himself with the sponge. BOOK XII. xLv-xLvni XLV As you cover with a kid's skin ' your temples and the crown of your bald pate, he made a happy re- mark to you, Phoebus, who told you your head was well shod. XLVI Gallus and Lupercus sell their poems : now, Clas- sicus, tell us poets are not sane ! XLVII Difficult and easy-going, pleasant and churlish, you are at the same time : I can neither live with you nor without you.^ XLVIII If you serve me mushrooms and boar as your usual fare, and don't imagine that these are what I pray for, I am willing to come ; if you believe I am be- coming wealthy, and you want to be written down my heir in return for five Lucrine oysters, good- bye ! Yet your dinner is sumptuous: I confess, most sumptuous, but to-morrow 'twill be nought, nay to- day, nay a moment hence, nought that the luckless sponge at the end of a degraded mop-stick^ would discover, or any dog,'* or crock by the highway.^ Of mullets, and hares, and sow's paps, this is the re- sult— a bilious complexion and torturing feet. No I * Qui ad vomitum occMm'i — Schrev. * Set by the roadside as a urinal : cf. vi. xciii. 2. 35^ THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL non Albana mihi sit comissatio tanti nee Capitolinae pontificumque dapes ; inputet ipse deiis nectar mihi, fiet acetum et Vaticani perfida vappa cadi, convivas alios eenarum quaere magister 15| quos capiant mensae regna superba tuae : me meus ad subitas invitet amicus ofellas : haec mihi quam possum reddere cena placet. XLIX Crinitae Line paedagoge turbae, rerum quem dominum vocat suarum et credit cui Postumilla dives gemmas, aurea, vina, concubines, sic te perpetua fide probatum 5 nulli non tua praeferat patrona : succurras misero, precor, furori et serves aliquando neglegenter illos qui male cor meum perurunt, quos et noctibus et diebus opto 10 in nostro cupidus sinu videre, formosos niveos pares gemellos grandes, non pueros, sed uniones. Daphnonas, platanonas et aerios pityonas et non unius balnea solus habes, et tibi centenis stat porticus alta columnis calcatusque tuo sub pede lucet onyx, ' Such as Domitian gave at his Alban villa. ^ Banquets by the Epulones to Jupiter Capitolinus, or those given by the College of Pontiffs : as to the latter c/. BOOK XII. xiviii-L Alban revel ^ would be worth it to me, or Capitoline and Pontifical feasts ;2 should the God himself ac- count me his debtor for nectar, it will become vinegar and the deceptive vapidity of a Vatican ^ jar. Look out, as lord of the banquet, for other guests whom the royal magnificence of your table may attract : as for me, let my friend invite me to hasty collops. The dinner I like is the dinner I can return. XLIX Linus, guardian of a long-haired troop, whom rich Postumilla calls the master of her fortune, and to whom she entrusts gems, gold plate, wines, para- mours ; so may your patroness prefer none other to you who are proved by constant fidelity ; come, I pray you, to the aid of my wretched frenzy, and sometimes guard negligently those that sadly con- sume my heart, those that night and day I long in eagerness to see in my bosom, beautiful, snowy- white, a pair, twins, big — I mean not boys, but pearls. LAUREL-groves, plane-groves, and aery pine-groves, and a bath not made for one, you keep to yourself, and your colonnade stands high on a hundred columns, and trodden under your foot gleams the alabaster; Hor. Od. II. xiv. 28. Macrobiua [Sat. iii. 13) describes the courses of a pontifical feast given by Cecilius Metelliis, wiio was pontifif before Julius Caesar. * cf. vi. xcii. 2. 353 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL pulvereumque fugax hippodromon ungula plaudit et pereuntis aquae fluctus ubique sonat ; atria longa patent, sed nee cenantibus usquam nee somno locus est. quam bene non habitas ! LI Tam saepe nostrum decipi Fabullinum miraris, Aule ? semper homo bonus tiro est. LII Tempora Pieria solitus redimire corona nee minus attonitis vox celebrata reis, hie situs est, hie ille tuus, Sempronia, Rufus, cuius et ipse tui flagrat amore cinis. dulcis in Elysio narraris fabula campo 5 et stupet ad raptus Tyndaris ips.i tuos : tu melior quae deserto raptore redisti, ilia virum voluit nee repetita sequi. audit ^ et Iliacos ridet Menelaus amores : absolvit Phrygium vestra rapina Parim. 10 accipient olim cum te loca laeta piorum, non erit in Stj'gia notior umbra domo : non aliena videt sed amat Proserpina raptas : iste tibi dominam conciliabit amor. * audet — ridet Stephenson, ridet — audit codd. , ridet ut Postgate. 354 BOOK XII. L-Lii and the flying hoof makes ring your dusty drive, and CD every side babbles the water of a stream crossing your ground ; your halls lie open without end. But nowhere is there a place for dining or for sleep How well you are — not housed! LI Do you wonder, Aulus, that our friend Fabullinus is so often taken in ? A good man is always a greenhorn. LII He who was wont to bind his temples with the Muses' crown, whose eloquence was no less famed among dismayed defendants, here, here he lies, Sem- pronia, who was once thy own Rufus, whose very ashes glow with love for thee. Sweetly mid Elysian fields is thy story told, and dazed is even Tyndarus' daughter i at thy ravishment ; thy fame is the hap- pier, for, quitting thy ravisher, thou didst return; she, even when sought again, would not join her spouse. Menelaus - listens to a Trojan love-tale and smiles: the story of your rape makes Phrygian Paris guiltless. When the joyous abodes of pious souls shall some day receive thee, no shade more famed will dwell in the house of Styx ; Proserpina looks not strangely on the ravished,^ but loves them : that love thou hast shown shall win thy Queen's good-will. 1 Helen of Troy. ' King of Sparta, and husband of Helen. The meaning seems to be that the charm of "the story of these two would make even M. pardon Paris. ' For she was herself carried off by Pluto. 355 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LIII NuMMi cum tibi sint opesque tantae quantas civis habet, Paterne, rarus largiris nihil incubasque gazae ut raagnus draco quern canunt poetae custodem Scythici fuisse luci. sed causaj ut memoras et ipse iactas, dirae filius est rapacitatis. ecquid tu fatuos rudesque quaeris inludas quibus auferasque mentem? huic semper vitio pater fuisti. ' lO! LIV Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, lumine laesus, rem magnam praestas, Zoile, si bonus es. LV Gratis qui dare vos iubet, puellae, insulsissimus inprobissimusque est. gratis ne date, basiate gratis. hoc Aegle negat, hoc avara vendit (sed vendat : bene basiare quantum est !) 5 hoc vendit quoque nee levi rapina : ^ aut libram petit ilia Cosmiani aut binos quater a nova moneta, ne sint basia muta, ne maligna, ne clusis aditum neget labellis. 10 humane tamen hoc facit : recusat ^ gratis quae dare basium, sed unum, gratis lingere non recusat Aegle. 1 5, 6 oni. ;8, post 8 transp. Friedl. 2 recusat Hoiisman, sed unum codd. 3S6 BOOK XII. Liii-Lv LIII Though you have moneys and wealth such as only a citizen here and there owns, you bestow nothing, Paternus, and brood over your treasui-e like the great dragon that poets sing of as guardian once of the Scythian grove. ^ But the reason, as you report, and yourself repeat, is a son of dreadful rapacious- ness. Are you looking, then, for simpletons and ignoramuses to delude and rob of sense ? To this vice you have always been father. LIV Of hair red, swarthy of face, short of foot, of eye blear, you show yourself to be a portent, Zoilus, if you are virtuous. ^ LV He who bids you, girls, give your favours for no- thing, is a most foolish and impudent fellow. Do not give them for nothing, kiss for nothing. This Aegle refuses, this in her greed she sells. But let her sell it : how precious is a good kiss ! This she sells, I say, and for no small plunder too ; she asks for either a pound of Cosmian unguent, or four times two gold coins of the new mintage, that her kisses may not be silent ones or grudgingly given, that she may not with shut lips deny their approach. Yet this one thing she does graciously; Aegle, who refuses to give a kiss, a single kiss, for nothing, does not refuse to for nothing. ' Guarding the golden fleece. • i.e. Heaven has marked you as one to be avoided. 357 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LVI Aegrotas uno decies aut saepius anno, nee tibi sed nobis hoc, Poljcharme, nocet : nam quotiens surgis, soteria poscis amicos. sit pudor : aegrota iam, Polychamie, semel. LVII Cur saepe sicci parva rura Nomenti laremqiie villae sordidum petani, quaeris? nee cogitandi, Sparse, nee quiescendi in urbe locus est paiiperi. negant vitam ludi magistri mane, nocte pistores, 5 aerariorum marculi die toto ; liinc otiosus sordidam quatit mensam Neroniana nummularius massa, illinc palucis^ malleator Hispanae tritum nitenti fuste verberat saxum ; 10 nee turba cessat entheata Bellonae, nee fasciato naufragus loquax trunco, a matre doctus nee rogare ludaeus, nee sulpuratae lippus institor mercis. numerare pigvi damna qui potest somni, 15 dicet quot aera verberent manus urbis, cum secta Colcho Luna vapulat rhombo. tu. Sparse, nescis ista nee potes scire, ^ palucis Friedl. , halucis Turnebus, paludis 0y, poUicent T. ^ i.e. either coins of light weight introduced by Nero, who debased the coinage, or small coins bearing the head of the emperor stamped in a particular way to distinguish them The nummularius had a heap {massa) of these. ^ Palux is the smaller gold found by washing in Spain, not large enough to constitute a nugget: Plin. N.H. xxxiii. 21. BOOK XII. Lvi-Lvii LVI You are ill in a single year ten times, or oftener, and this does not hurt you, but it hurts us, Poly- charmus ; for every time you rise from your bed you claim congratulatory gifts from your friends. Be .moderate : now be ill, I^ol^vcharmus, once for all. f LVII Do you ask why I often resort to my small fields ' in arid Nomentum, and the unkempt household of my villa ? Neither for thought, S})arsus, nor for quiet is there any place in the city for a poor man. Schoolmasters in the morning do not let you live ; before daybreak, bakers; the hammers of the copper- smiths all day. On this side the money-changer idly rattles on his dirty table Nero's coins,^ on that the hammerer of Spanish gold-dust - beats his well- worn stone with burnished mallet ; and Bellona's raving throng does not rest, nor the canting ship- wrecked seaman with his swathed body,^ nor the Jew taught by his mother to beg, nor the blear-eyed huckster of sulphur wares. He who can count the losses lazy sleep must bear will say how many brass pots and pans city hands clash when the eclipsed moon is being assailed by the Colchian magic-wheel.* You, S[)arsus, know nothing of these things, and cannot know, luxurious as you are in your ' So pretending he had lost a limb. Some however under- stand fasciato Irunco as a fragment of the wrecked vessel, or a picture of the ship, perhaps painted on a plank, swathed in a covering : r/. Pera. i. 88 ; Jua"-. xiv. 302. * An eclipse was attributed to witches, and the clashing of brass vessels was in order to drive away evil demons : cf. Theocr. ii. 36 ; Tac. Ann. i. 28. 359 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Petilianis delicatus in regnis, cui plana summos despicit domus mentis, 20 et rus in urbe est vinitorque Romanus (nee in Falerno colle maior autumnus) intraque limen latus essedo cursus, et in profundo somnus et quies nullis ofFensa Unguis, nee dies nisi admissus. 25 nos transeuntis risus excitat turbae, et ad cubile est Roma, taedio fessis dormire quotiens libuit, imus ad villam. LVIII Ancillariolum tua te vocat uxor, et ipsa lecticariola est. estis, Alauda^ pares. LIX Tantum dat tibi Roma basiorum post annos modo quindecim reverse quantum Lesbia non dedit Catullo. te vicinia tota, te pilosus hircoso premit osculo colonus ; 5 hine instat tibi textor, inde fullo, hinc sutor modo pelle basiata, hinc menti dominus periculosi, hinc fdexiocholusfji inde lippus fellatorque recensque cunnilingus. 10 iam tanti tibi non fuit redire. * dexiocholus et $, dexiocolua E, dexioculus A, istinc dexio- choliis Lindsay, 7iec deest hinc ocidis et Heins. I * i.e. a palace th.it had once belonged to Petiliua, perhaps the P. Cerealis who had been in a.d. 71 the governor of Britain. 360 BOOK XII. Lvii-Lix Petilian * domain whose ground floor looks down on the hill tops, and where you have country in the town, and a Roman for your vine-dresser — not on Falernian hills is there a greater crop — and within your boundary a broad drive for your curricle, and unfathomed depths of ' slumber, and a stillness broken by no tongues, and no daylight unless you let it in. As for me, the laughter of the passing throng wakes me, and Rome is at my bed's head. Whenever, worn out with worry, I wish to sleep, I go to my villa. LVIII Your wife calls you an admirer of servant maids,^ and she herself is an admirer of litter-bearers. You are a pair, Alauda. LIX Rome gives you as many kisse.s, when after fifteen years you have just returned, as Lesbia never gave Catullus.^ Upon you all the neighbourhood presses, upon you the bristly farmer with a kiss like a he- goat's ; on this side the weaver crowds you, on that the fuller, on this the cobbler who has just been kissing his hide, on this the owner of a perilous chin ; * on this side the one-eyed and on that the blear-eyed, and many a rascal with foulest lips. By now you find it was not worth while to return. ^ This seems to have been, among Roman matrons, a term of reproach of those who kept mistresses of low degree : cf. Sen. Dt Ben. i. 9. » cf. Cat. V. * i.e. suffering from mentagra ; cf. iv. xxxvi. 2; xi. xcviii. 5. 361 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LX Martis alumne dies, roseam quo lampada primum magiiaque siderei vidimus ora dei, si te rure coli viridisque pudebit ad aras, qui fueras Latia cultus in urbe mihi : da veniam, servire meis quod nolo Kalendis 5 et qua sum genitus vivere luce volo. natali pallere sue, ne calda Sabclio [LX** desit ; et ut liquidum potet Alauda meruni, turbida sollicito teinsmittere Caecuba sacco ; atque inter mensas ire redire suas ; 10 excipere hos illos et tota surgere cena marmora calcantem frigidiora gelu : quae ratio est haec sponte sua perferre patique quae te si iubeat rex dominusque, neges ? LXI Versus et breve vividumque carmen in te ne faciam times, Ligurra, et dignus cupis hoc metu videri. sed frustra metuis cupisque frustra. in tauros Libyci ruunt leones, 5 non sunt papilionibus molesti. quaeras censeo, si legi laboras, nigri fornicis ebrium poetam, qui carbone rudi putrique creta scribit carmina quae legunt cacantes. 10 frons haec stigmate non meo notanda est. * M. is in Spain celebrating his birthday, the First of March, a day sacred to Mars. He contrasts the simplicity of his celebration with a birthday feast at Rome. ^ Tlie Sun. Tlie epithet is an allusion to the statue of the Sun in front of the Colosseum : cf. Sped. ii. 1. 362 BOOK XII. Lx-Lxi LX Thou day, nursling of Mars,^ whereon I first saw the rosy light and the mighty visage of the star- encircled god,2 if it shall shame thee to be worshipped in the country and at green altars, who wert wor- shij^ped by me in the Latian city, grant thy pardon in that I refuse to be a slave on my kalends, but wish to live^ on the day I was born. To grow pale on one's birthday lest Sabellus lack warm water; and, that Alauda may drink his wine strained, anxiously to pass the turbid Caecuban through the bag ; and to go to and fro among one's tables ; to receive these and those guests, and all through the dinner to be getting up, treading on marble colder than ice * — what reason is there why one should suffer and endure these things of one's own accord, which, if your lord and master^ bade you, you would refuse ? LXI You are afi-aid, Ligurra, I should write verses on you, and some short and lively poem, and you long to be thought a man that justifies such fear. But vain is your fear, and your longing is vain. Against bulls Libyan lions rage, they are not hostile to but- terflies. Look out, I advise you, if you are anxious to be read of, for some dark cellar's sottish poet, one who with coarse charcoal or crumbling chalk scrawls poems which people read in the jakes. Your brow is not one to be marked by my brand. 3 M. constantly harps upon this idea : cf. ii. xc. 3 ; v. xxi. 11. * M. would be barefooted, as the shoes were not worn during dinner. * Your patron. 363 I THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXII Antiqui rex magne poli mundique prioris, sub quo pii^ra quies nee labor ullus erat, nee regale niinis fulmen nee fulmine digni, scissa nee ad Manes sed sibi dives humus : laetus ad haec facilisque veni sollemnia Prisei 5 gaudia : cum saeris te deeet esse tuis. tu reducem patriae sexta, pater optime, bruma pacifici Latia reddis ab urbe Numae. cernis ut Ausonio similis tibi pompa macello pendeat et quantus luxurietur hones ? 10 quam non parca manus largaeque nomismata mensae, quae, Saturne, tibi pernumerentur opes ? utque sit his pretium meritis et gratia maior, et pater et frugi sic tua sacra colit. at tu sancte (tuo sic semper amere Decembri) 15 hos illi iubeas saepe redire dies. LXIII Uncto Corduba laetior Venafro, Histra nee minus absoluta testa, albi quae superas eves Galaesi nullo murice nee cruore mendax, sed tinctis gregibus colore vivo : 5 die vestro, rogo, sit pudor poetae 1 When there was no mining for precious metals. * Priscus' father is giving a feast to celebrate his son's return to Spain : cf. xii. E'pnt. ' Rome : cf. viii. viii. 5. * Representing prizes to be taken away by guests. The fourteenth Book is wholly concerned with such prizes. 364 BOOK XII. Lxn-Lxiii LXII Great king of the ancient heaven and of a by- gone world, under whose reign was lazy rest and no toil, nor over-tyrannous thunderbolt, nor men that deserved the bolt, when, earth was not cleft to its nether deeps but kept her riches for herself,^ gladly and graciously come thou to Priscus' ^ festival of joy : it befits thee to attend thy own rites. Thou in the sixth winter. Father most good, bringest him back to his fatherland from peaceful Numa's Latin city.'' Seest thou how, as in a Roman market, hangs cheer, to honour thee, how full is festive luxury? how un- sparing the hand ? and the tokens * on the loaded board? what rich gifts, Saturnus, are measured out to thee ? And, to give value and greater praise to such worth, 'tis a father and a frugal man who so celebrates thy rites. And do thou, hallowed Sire (so mayst thou be ever loved thus in thy own De- cember), bid days like these return upon him oft. LXIII CoRDUBA, more prolific than oil-bearing Venafrum,' nor less perfect than the jars of Istria,^ thou that dost outvie the sheep of white Galaesus,^ not by the aid of any cheating shell-fish or blood, but by flocks coloured in native hues,® tell your poet, I beg you, * A town on the borders of Latium celebrated for the excellence of its olives : cf. Hor. Od. ii. vi. 16. * A district on the N. of the Adriatic, celebrated for its oil. ' A river flowing into the gulf of Tarentum, on the banks of which sheep fed, celebrated for the whiteness of their wool, which was protected by skins : tf. Hor. Od. ii. vi. 10. * The fleeces of the sheep fed by the Baetis were not artificially dyed, but had a natural golden hue : cf. viii. xxviii. 6. 365 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL nee gratis recitet meos libellos. ferrem, si faceret bonus poeta, cui possem dare mutuos dolorcs. corrumpit sine talione caeleps ; 10 caecus perdere non potest quod aufert. nil est deterius latrone nudo : nil securius est nialo poeta. LXIV ViNCENTEM roseos facieque comaque ministros Cinna cocum fecit. Cinna, gulosus homo as. LXV Formosa Phyllis nocte cum mihi tota se praestitisset omnibus modis largam, et cogitarem mane quod darem munus, utrumne Cosmi, Nicerotis an libram, an Baeticarum pondus acre lanarum, 5 an de moneta Caesaris decern flavos, amplexa coUum basioque tarn longo blandita quam sunt nuptiae columbarum, rogare coepit Phyllis amphoram vini. LXVI Bis quinquagenis domus est tibi milibus empta, vendere quam summa vel breviore cupis. arte sed emptorem vafra corrumpis, Amoene, et casa divitiis ambitiosa latet. gemmantes prima fulgent testudine lecti 5 et Maurusiaci pondera rara citri ; 1 His sight. s Because hia poems are not worth steahng. 366 I BOOK XII. Lxni-Lxvi to have some shame, and not to recite my poems scot-free. I could bear it if a good bard did this, one I could visit with pain in his turn. A bachelor debauches without reprisal, a blind man cannot lose that 1 whereof he robs you. Nothing is worse than a naked robber, nothing more safe than a bad poet.^ LXIV A SLAVE surpassing with his face and locks the rosy-cheeked attendants Cinna has made his cook. Cinna, you are a lickerish fellow ! LXV When lovely Phyllis had all the evening yielded herself bounteously to me in every way, and I was considering next morning what present to give her, whether a pound of unguent of Cosmus' or Niceros' ^ make, or full weight of Baetic wool, or ten yellow boys of Caesar's mintage, Phyllis, embracing my neck, and wheedling me with a kiss as lingering as that of wedded doves, began to ask me for a — ^jar of wine ! LXVI A TOWN house was bought by you for twice fifty tliousand sesterces, and you long to sell it even for a scantier sum. But you seek to seduce a pur- chaser with crafty art, Amoenus ; and a cottage lies disguised pretentiously in riches. Couches gleam bright, inlaid with peerless tortoiseshell, and there are pieces, choice and weighty, of Moorish citrus- * Noted perfuiuei'S of the day, and often mentioned by M. 367 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL argentum atque aurum non simplex Delphica portat; stant pueri, dominos qiios precer esse meos. deinde ducenta sonas et ais non esse minoris, instructam vili vendis, AmoenCj domum. 10 LXVII Maiae Mercurium creastis Idus, Augustis redit Idibus Diana, Octobres Maro consecravit Idus. Idus saepe colas et has et illas, qui magni celebras Maronis Idus. 5 LXVIII Matutine aliens, urbis mihi causa relictae, atria, si sapias, ambitiosa colas, non sum ego causidicus nee amaris litibus aptus sed piger et senior Pieridumque comes ; otia me somnusque iuvant, quae magna negavit 5 Roma mihi : redeo, si vigilatur et hie. LXIX Sic tamquam tabulas scyphosque, Paule, omnes archetypos habes amicos. ^ This term has an indecent sense : cf. xi. Ixx. 2. ^ Amoenus disguised the poorness of the house, which was a mere cottage (1. 4), by fine furniture, which was not to be sold with the house. A. asks 200,000, althmigh he had given only half that sum, and would take less (1. 2). M. ironically ignoring the fact that the house was not sold furnished, pretends to agree with A. that the house was cheap. ^ May 15 was the dedication day of the Temple of Mer- 368 BOOK XII. LAvi-i,xix wood ; an elaborate sideboard is loaded with silver and gold plate ; young slaves are standing there whom I would wish my masters ! ^ Then you loudly prate of two hundred thousand sesterces, and say the place is not worth less. Furnished as it is, Amoenus, you are selling your town house cheap.^ LXVII You, Ides of May, brought forth Mercurius ; on August's Ides return Diana's feasts ; Maro has hal- lowed the Ides of October. Oft may you keep these Ides and those, you, who celebrate great Maro's Ides ! ^ LXVIII Morning client, the cause of my leaving Rome, you would court, were you wise, the halls of greatness. No pleader am I, nor fitted for bitter lawsuits, but an indolent man and one growing old, and the com- rade of the Muses. Ease and sleep attract me, and great Rome denied me these ; I return if I am sleepless even here.* LXIX Just like your pictures and cups, Paulus, all the friends you possess are "genuine antiques."^ cury ; Aug. l.'J that of the Temple of Diana on the Aventine ; and Oct. 15 the birthday of Virgil. The person addressed is probably Silius Italicus : c.f. xi. xlix. ■» "It is no use your calling on me in the morning," says M. ; " the duties of a client drove me from Rome : I don't expect to be a client in Spain, and lose my sleep." * i.e. as false as they are ; or (perhaps) kept only for show (Paley). Housman, however, treats the epigram as laudatory of P.'s friends. 369 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXX LiNTEA ferret Apro vatius cum vernula nuper et supra togulam lusca sederet anus atque olei stillam daret enterocelicus unctor, udorum tetricus censor et asper erat : frangendos calices effundendumque Falernum 5 clamabat, biberet quod modo lotus eques. a sene sed postquam patruo venere ti-ecenta, sobrius a thermis nescit abire domum. o quantum diatreta valent et quinque comati ! tunc, cum pauper erat, non sitiebat Aper, 10 LXXI Nil non, Lygde, mihi negas roganti . at quondam mihi, Lygde, nil negabas. LXXII luGERA mercatus prope busta latentis agelli et male compactae culmina fulta casae, deseris urbanas, tua praedia, Pannyche, lites parvaque sed tritae praemia certa togae. frumentum, milium tisanamque fabamque solebas 5 vendere pragmaticus, nunc emis agricola. LXXIII Heredem tibi me, Catulle, dicis. non credam, nisi legero, Catulle. ^ cf. XI. Ixxiii. * Lining the great roads leading out of Rome. It was so small that the tombs dwarfed it. BOOK XII. Lxx-Lxxiii LXX When of late a bow-legged home-born slave carried his towels for Aper, and a one-eyed old crone sat guard o\'er his scanty toga^ and a ruptured anointer offered him his drop of oil, he was a stern and harsh censor of drinkers ; he used to shout that the cups ought to be smashed, and the Falernian poured away that the knight, just bathed, was drinking. But after tliree hundred thousand sesterces came to him from an old uncle, he doesn't know how to go home from the warm baths sober. Oh, how great is the influence of fretwork chalices and five long-haired slaves ! Til en, when he was poor, Aper was not thirsty ! LXXI There is nothing you do not deny me, Ljgdus, when I ask ; but once there was nothing, Lygdus, you denied.^ LXXII Having purchased the acres of a small farm lying hid near the tombs,^ and an ill-built cottage with a shored-up roof, you desert the city law-suits, that were your landed estate, Pannychus, and the small but certain reward of your threadbare gown. Wheat, millet, and barley and beans you used to sell when you were an attorney : you buy them now you are a farmer. LXXIII You say I am your heir, Catullus. I won't believe it unless I read my name, Catulhis.^ 3 i.e. in the will, which would be after C.'s death. A hint to him to die. 37' THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXIV DuM tibi Niliacus portat crystalla cataplus, accipe de circo pocula Flaminio. hi magis audaces, an sunt qui talia mittunt munera ? sed geminus vilibus usus inest : nullum sollicitant haec, Flacce, toreumata furem 5 et niniium calidis non vitiantur aquis. quid quod secure potat conviva ministro et casum tremulae non timuere manus? hoc quoque non nihil est, quod propinabis in istis, frangendus fuerit si tibi, Flacce, calix. 10 LXXV Festinat Polytimus ad puellas ; invitus puerum fatetur Hypnus ; pastas glande natis habet Secundus ; mollis Dindymus est sed esse non vult ; Amphion potuit puella nasci. 5 horum delicias superbiamque et fastus querulos, Avite, malo quam dotis mihi quinquies ducena. LXXVI Amphora vigesis, modius datur aere quaterno. ebrius et crudus nil habet agricola. 1 The ninth region of Rome, N.W. of the Capitol, and including the Saepta, where were shops : cf. ix. lix. 1. It took its name from the Circus Flaminius on the Tiber, S. of the Campus Martins. * Audactis calices were cups not valuable enough to cause anxiety as to breakage : cf. xiv. xciv. It is a " bold " thing to send Buch cups to a man that imports crystal. 373 BOOK XII. Lxxiv-Lxxvi LXXIV While a fleet from Nile is bnn<Ting you crystal glass, accept some cups from the Flaminian Circus.^ Are these the more " dreadnought " ^ or are they who send such presents ? But in cheap vessels is a double advantage : these embossed cups attract no thief, Flaccus, and they are not cracked by water too hot. What of this, too, that the attendant is not nervous while a guest drinks, and shaky hands do not fear a slip ? This, also, is something : you will drink a health in these vessels, Flaccus, if you have to break the cup afterwards.^ LXXV PoLYTiMUS hurries off to girls, Hypnus unwillingly confesses that he is a boy, Secundus has buttocks yard-fed,* Dindymus is effeminate but wishes not to seem so, Amphion might have been born a girl. The caprice of these boys, and their haughtiness, and their querulous disdain, I prefer, Avitus, to five times two hundred thousand sesterces of dower. LXXVI A FLAGON of wine is sold for twenty pence, a peck of corn for four. The husbandman is drunk and overfed, but has nothing.^ ' As having been defiled by impure lips : cf. ii. xv. and Antk. Pal. xi. 39. ■* There is a play in the Latin on glande. The metaphor is taken from the feeding of hogs on acorns. As to the ambiguous meaning of "yard," cf. Shak. L.L.L. v. ii. 676. ' Things are so cheap it does not pay to sell. 373 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXVII MuLTis dum precibiis lovem salutat stans summos resupinus usque in ungues Aethon in Capitolio, pepedit. riserunt homines, sed ipse divom offensus genitor trinoctiali 5 adfecit domicenio clientem. post hoc flagitium misellus Aethon, cum vult in CapitoHum venire, sellas ante petit Paterchanas et pedit deciesque viciesque. 10 sed quamvis sibi caverit crejwndo, compi'essis natibus lovem salutat. LXXVIII Nil in te scripsi, Bithynice. credere non vis et iurare iubes ? malo satisfacere. LXXIX DoNAVi tibi muita quae rogasti; donavi tibi plura quam rogasti: non cessas tamen usque me rogare. quisquis nil negat, Atticilla, fellat. LXXX Ne laudet dignos, laudat Callistratus omnes. cui malus est nemo quis bonus esse potest ? ^ Aethon was a parasite, to whom " dining at home " was a penalty. '•* A plaintiff was entitled by Roman law to challenge the defendant to take an oath as to the justice of his own case, refusal being treated as tantamount to an admission of the 374 BOOK XII. Lxxvii-Lxxx LXXVII While with many prayers he addressed Jupiter, standing all the time, with eyes upturned, on the tips of his toes, Aethon in the Cajiitol broke wind. Men laughed, but the Father of the Gods himself was offended, and amerced his client in domiciliary dinners for three nights. ^ After this outrage wretched Aethon, when he is minded to enter tlie Capitol, makes beforehand for Paterclius' latrines, and lets off his piece ten and twenty times. But, however much he has taken precautions by this crepi- tation, 'tis with constricted buttocks he addresses Jove ! LXXVIII I WROTE nothing against you, Bithynicus. Do you refuse to believe me, and require me to swear ? I prefer to pay the debt.^ LXXIX I HAVE given you much you asked ; I have given you more than you asked ; yet you do not cease continually to ask me. He who refuses nothing, Atticilla, is capable of anything. LXXX To avoid praising the worthy, Callistratus praises everybody. Who can be good in his eyes to whom no man is bad ? plaintiff's claim. Hence the oath was called jusjurandum neceasarium. Thus a debtor must deny the debt or pay it. M. being challenged by B. says that he prefers to discharge what he regards as an obligation, i.e. to write an offensive epigram. 375 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXI BiJUMAE diebus feriisque Saturni mittebat Umber aliculam mihi pauper ; nunc mittit alicam : factus est enim dives. LXXXII Effugere in thermis et circa balnea non est Menogenen, omni tu licet arte velis. captabit tepidum dextra laevaque trigonem, inputet exceptas ut tibi saepe pilas. colligit et referet laxum de pulvere follem, 5 et si iam lotus, iam soleatus erit. lintea si sumes, nive candidiora loquetur, sint licet infantis sordidiora sinu. exiguos secto comentem dente capillos dicet Achilleas disposuisse comas. 10 fumosae feret ipse tropin ^ de faece lagonae, frontis et umorem colligit ille tuae. omnia laudabit, mirabitur omnia, donee perpessus dicas taedia mille " Veni I " LXXXIII Derisor Fabianus hirnearum, omnes quern modo colei timebant ^ tropin f , propin codd. ^ The point of the epigram is that alicula, the first gift, is in form a diminutive of alica, the second (barley water : cf. xiii. 6), whereas in fact alica is a smaller gift than alictda. * Trigon was a game of handball played by three standing BOOK Xll. Lxxxi-Lxxxiii LXXXI In the days of winter and at the feast of Saturn, Umber used to send me a cape : he was poor. Now he sends me capers : for he has become rich.^ LXXXII To escape Menogenes in the warm baths and about the baths is impossible, try what artifice you will. He will grab the warm hand-ball with right and left, that he may be able often to score to your account the balls he catches.'^ He picks up and will restore to you the flaccid bladder-ball from the dust, even if he has already bathed, is already in his dinner slip- pers. If you take your towels, he will speak of them as whiter than snow, although they are dirtier than an infant's bib. While you are arranging with a comb your scanty hairs, he will say these are Achilles' locks that you have ordered. He will with his own hands bring you the dregs from the bottom of the smoky wine-jar,^ and he wipes the moisture on your brow. Everything he will praise, will ad- mire everything, until, having endured to the end a thousand boredoms, you say " Come and dine." LXXXIII Fabianus, who derided hernia, whom of late all lewd fellows dreaded,* when he inveighed against in a triangle : cf. iv. xix. 7. M. scores his own catches to Martial. But the meaning of 1. 4 is very uncertain. * Perhaps to be used as an emetic before dinner : cf. Sen. Ad Hdv. X. 3 ; or as a detergent of the skin. The line may, however, mean " will put up with the dregs for himself." * Possibly his rivals in amours whom he stigmatised as diseased. VOL. II. jj 377 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL dicentem tumidas in hydrocelas quantum nee duo dicerent Catulli, in thermis subito Neronianis vidit se miser et tacere coepit. LXXXIV NoLUERAM, Polytime, tuos violate capillos, sed iuvat hoc precibus me tribuisse tuis. talis eras, modo tonse Pelops, positisque nitebas ci'inibus ut totum sponsa videret ebur. LXXXV Pediconibus OS olere dicis. hoc si, sicut ais, Fabulle, varum est, quid tu credis olere cunnilingis ? LXXXVI Triginta tibi sunt pueri totidemque puellae : una est nee surgit mentula. quid facies ? LXXXVII Bis Cotta soleas perdidisse se questus, dum neglegentem ducit ad pedes vernam, qui solus inopi praestat et facit turbam, excogitavit homo sagax et astutus ne facere posset tale saepius damnum : excalceatus ire coepit ad cenam. 1 A writer of iTiimes : cf. v xxxi. 3. * Now his hair is cut Polytimus' skin will be seen, 378 I I BOOK XII. Lxxxin-Lxxxvii swelling ruptures in tones even two Catulluses^ could not match, suddenly beheld himself — wretched fellow! — in Nero's warm baths, and began to hold his tongue. LXXXIV I WAS loth, Polytimus, to mar those locks of thine, but glad am I to have granted that much to thy prayers. Such wert thou, O Pelops lately shorn, and thus, when thy hair was laid aside, didst thou shine, so that thy spouse saw all the ivory of thy shoulder.^ LXXXV You say that the breath of unnatural rascals smells. If this be, as you say, true, Fabullus, what do you imagine is the smell of some others? LXXXVI Tu hai trenta ragazzi, ed altre tante ragazze : la mentola non h che una, n^ si rizza. Che farai ? LXXXVII CoTTA, after complaining that he had twice lost his house-shoes while he brought with him a careless attendant, the only slave that serves for and makes up his staff, thought out — sagacious and acute man I — how to avoid such a loss too often. He now goes out to dine without outdoor shoes ! ^ as white as the shoulder of Pelops, which was made of ivory. ' i.e. barefoot. He has in fact neither indoor nor outdoor shoes. 379 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXVIII ToNGiLiANus habet nasum, scio, non nego.^ sed iam nil praeter nasum Tongilianus habet. LXXXIX Quod lana caput alligas, Charine, non aures tibi sed dolent capilli. xc Pro sene, sed clare, voturn Maro fecit amico, cui gravis et fervens hemitritaeos erat, si Stygias aeger non esset missus ad umbras^ ut caderet magno victima grata lovi. coeperunt certam medici spondere salutem. 5 ne votum solvat nunc Maro vota facit. XCI Communis tibi cum viro, Maa:ulla. cum sit lectulus et sit exoletus, quare, die mihi, non sit et minister, suspiras ; ratio est, times lagonam. XCII Saepe rogare soles quails sim, Prisce, futurus, si fiam locuples simque repente potens. quemquam posse putas mores narrare futures ? die mihi, si fias tu leo, qualis eris ? ^ non nego 5-, non ego codd. * He is all nose, i.e. critic and nothing else : cf. xiii. ii. ^ 0. swathes his head really to conceal his baldness. 380 BOOK XII. Lxxxviii-xcii LXXXVIII ToNGiLiANus has a nose : I know, I don't deny it. But now Tongilianus has nothing but a nose.^ LXXXIX You swathe your head in wool, Charinus ; but it is not with your ears that it goes sadly, but with your hair.2 xc For his old friend, ill of a severe and burning semi-tertian fever, Maro — and aloud ^ — made a vow that, if the sick man were not sent down to the Stygian shades, there should die a victim welcome to mighty Jove. The doctors begin to guarantee a certain recovery. Maro now makes vows not to pay his vow. XCI Although, Magulla, you have a couch, and have a concubine in common with your husband, tell me why you have not a cupbearer also. You sigh : the reason is, you fear the wine-cup.* XCII You are often wont to ask me what sort of person I should be, Priscus, if I became rich and were sud- denly powerful. Do you think any man can declare his character in future .'' Tell me, if you became a lion, what sort of lion will you be ? ' i.e. that it should be reported to the sick man (Maro was a captator) ; or perhaps this was his public vow, his real vow for the patient's death being under his breath : cf. Pers. ii. 8 ; Juv. xii. 98. * I.e. poison. 381 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCIII Qua moechum ratione basiaret coram coniuge repperit Labulla. parvum basiat usque morionem ; hunc multis rapit osculis madentem moechus protinus et suis repletum 5 ridenti dominae statim reniittit. quanto morio maior est maritus ! XCIV ScRiBEBAMUs cpos ; coepisti scribere : cessi, aemula ne starent carmina nostra tuis. transtulit ad tragicos se nostra Thalia cothurnos : aptasti longum tu quoque syrma tibi. fila lyrae movi Calabris exculta Camenis : 5 plectra rapis nobis, ambitiose, nova, auderaus saturas : Lucilius esse laboras. ludo levis elegos : tu quoque ludis idem, quid minus esse potest? epigrammata fingere coepi : hinc etiam petitur iam mea palnia tibi. 10 elige quid nolis (quis enim pudor omnia velle ?) et si quid non vis, Tucca, relinque mihi. xcv MusAEi pathicissimos libellos, qui certant Sybariticis libellis, 1 By Horace, who however was not born in Calabria : cf. viii. xviii. 5. "^ The instrument with which the strings of the lyre were struck. ' The father of Roman satire. 382 BOOK XII. xcm-xcv XCIII Labulla has discovered how to kiss her lover in the presence of her husband. She gives repeated kisses to her dwarf fool ; this creature, slobbered with many kisses, the lover at once pounces upon, fills him up with his own kisses, and hands him back to the smiling lady. How much bigger as a fool is the husband ! XCIV I WAS writing an epic ; you began to write one : 1 left off, that my poems should not stand in rivalry with yours. My Thalia shifted to tragic buskins : you also fitted on yourself the long train of tragedy. I struck the strings of a lyre practised by the Cala- brian Muses : ^ you, ambitious man, snatch from me the new quill. ^ I venture satire : you strain to be a Lucilius.^ I sport with light elegies : you, too, sport with the same thing. What lesser art can there he? I begin to model epigrams : in this quarter, too, my fame is already sought after by you. Pick out something you do not want — for what modesty is there in wanting everything ? — and if there is any- thing you don't want, Tucca, leave it to me. XCV Leggi, O Istantio Rufo, i paticissimi libelli di Museo che garreggiano coi Sibaritici libelli,* e le * By Heniitheon, " a Sybarite of the vilest character," and the author of an obscene work, a text-book of vice, probably called Syharitis. He is called by Liiciau 6 KivaiSos {adv. In- doctum, c. 23), and is probably alluded to by Ovid (Trist. ii. 417). If there the reading " nuper" be correct, H. flourished not long before Ovid. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL et tinctas sale pruriente chartas Instanti lege Rufe ; sed puella sit tecum tua, ne thalassionera ' indicas manibus libidinosis et fias sine femina maritus. XCVI Cum tibi nota tui sit vita fidesque mariti nee premat ulla tuos soUicitetve toros, quid quasi paelicibus torqueris inepta ministriSj in quibus et brevis est et fugitiva Venus ? plus tibi quam domino pueros praestare probabo : 5 hi faciunt ut sis femina sola viro ; hi dant quod non vis uxor dare. " Do tamen " inquis "ne vagus a thalamis coniugis erret amor." non eadem res est : Chiam volo, nolo mariscam : ne dubites quae sit Chia, marisca tua est. 10 scire suos fines matrona et femina debet : cede sua pueris, utere parte tua. XCVII Uxor cum tibi sit puella qualem votis vix petat inprobus maritus, dives nobilis erudita casta, rumpis, Basse, latus, sed in comatis, uxoris tibi dote quos parasti. 5 et sic ad dominam reversa languet multis mentula milibus redempta ; sed nee vocibus excitata blandis, molli pollice nee rogata surgit. sit tandem pudor aut eamus in ius. 10 non est haec tua, Basse : vendidisti. 384 BOOK XII. xcv-xcvii carte asperse di sale solleticante ; ma la tua ragazza sia tecOj affinche tu non public! Talassione alle mani libidinose,^ e diventi marito senza donna. XCVI EssENDO la vita e la fedelti del tuo marito a te nota, e veruna premendo o sollicitando il tuo talamo^ a chcj sciocca, ti tormenti tu dei servi come di con- cubine, coi quali il piacere di venere e breve e fuggi- tivo ? Ti proverb che i ragazzi giovano piu a te che al loro padrone : questi son la cagione die tu sola sii moglie al tuo marito ; essi danno ci6 che tu, come moglie, non vuoi dare. " Peraltro il do," di tu, "af- finche I'amore non travii incostante dai talami con- jugali." Non 6 la stessa cosa : voglio una Chia, non voglia una marisca.- Affinche non dubbiti cosa sia una Chia, la tua e una Marisca. Una matrona deve sapere i suoi limiti, ed una femina i suoi, Cedi ai ragazzi la loro parte : tu fa uso della tua. XCVII Ancorche tua moglie sia una pulcella quale un' improbo marito appena dimandarebbe, ricca, nobile, erudita, casta, tu, O Basso, ti rompi i lati, ma in Cin- cinnati, che ti procacciasti colla dote della tua moglie. E cosi la tua mentola, comparata con molti milliaja, sul ritorno alia padrona 6 fiacca ; si; ne eccitata con dolci parole, n6 pregata con tenera mano, surge. Vergognati finalmente, o andiamo in judicio. Questa mentola non h tua, O Basso : tu Thai venduto.^ ' cf. IX. xli. 2 (.y Yii XXV. 7, 8. * i. e. to your wife at the price of her dower. N THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCVIII Baetis olivifera crineni redimite corona, aurea qui nitidis vellera tinguis aquis ; quern Broraius, quem Pallas amat; cui rector aquarui Albula navigerum per freta pandit iter : ominibus laetis vestras Instantius eras 5 intret, et hie populis ut prior annus eat. non ignorat onus quod sit succedere Macro ; qui sua metitur pondera, ferre potest. ^ The Guadalquiver. * cf. \. xxxvii. 7 ; ix. Ixi. 3. ^ Bacchus. The province of Baetica abounds in wine and oiL 386 BOOK XII. xcviii XCVIII Baetis,^ with thy hair wreathed with the olive crown, that dippest thy golden ^ fleeces in sparkling waters, whom Bromius,^ whom Pallas loves, to whom the king of waters, Albula,^ opens a path that wafts the ships over the seas, with glad omens may In- stantius^ first tread thy shores, and this year pass for the peoples as the last. He is not blind to the burthen of succeeding Macer : he that gauges his load can bear it. * An old name of the Tiber : Ov, F. ii. 389. * Perhaps the same as is mentioued in viu. Ixxiii. 1 and VIII. Ii. 21. I 387 I BOOK XUl f [LIBER TERTIUS DECIMUS] XENIA Ne toga cordylis et paenula desit olivis aut inopem metuat sordida blatta fameni, perdite Niliacas, Musae, mea damna, papyros : postulat ecce novos ebria bruma sales. non mea magnaiiimo depugnat tessera telo,^ 5 senio nee nostrum cum cane quassat ebur: haec mihi charta nuces, haec est mihi charta fritillus; alea nee damnum nee facit ista lucrum, II Nasutus sis usque licet, sis denique nasus, quantum noluerat ferre rogatus Atlans, et possis ipsum tu deridere Latinum, non potes in nugas dicere plura meas ipse ego qiiam dixi. quid dentein dente iuvabit 5 rodere ? carne opus est, si satur esse velis. ^ talo By- 1 i.e. wrappers: cf. m. ii. 4; IV. Ixxxvi. S. 2 Often used to gam'ole with, especially by boys : cf. v. Ixxxiv. 1. 39° BOOK XIII GUEST-GIFTS I That tunny-fry may not lack a gown, and olives a capote/ nor the foul black beetle fear pinching hunger, destroy, ye Muses — the loss is mine — papyrus from the Nile : see tipsy winter calls for new pleasantries, No die of mine contends with dauntless weapon, nor does sice together with ace shake my ivory box : this paper is my nuts,^ this paper is my dice-box ; hazard that brings me no loss nor yet any gain. II Although you have always a critic's nose, are in a word a nose so great that Atlas ^ on request would not have consented to shoulder it, and though you can deride even Latinus* himself, you cannot say more against my trifling effusions than I have said myself. What pleasure is there in tooth gnawing tooth ? ^ you require flesh if you want to be fat. ' Who bore the weight of heaven. * A celebrated mime or comic actor : cf. ix. xxviii. '•' i.e. something that can retort? Or (perhaps) "why gnaw something that cannot be hurt, like the viper in Aesop tliat gnawed a tile ?" if THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ne perdas operam, qui se mirantur, in illos virus habe ; nos haec novimus esse nihil. non tamen hoc nimium nihil est, si Candidas aure nee matutina si mihi fronte venis. 10 III Omnis in hoc gracili xeniorum turba libello constabit nummis quattuor empta tibi. quattuor est nimium ? poterit constare duobus, et faciat lucrum bybliopola Tryphon. haec licet hospitibus pro niunere disticha mittas, si tibi tam rarus quani mihi nummus erit. addita per titulos sua nomina rebus habebis : praetereas, si quid non facit ad stomachum. IV.— rw* Serus ut aetheriae Germanicus imperet aulae utque diu terris, da pia tura lovi. V. — Piper Cerea quae patulo lucet ficedula lumbo, cum tibi sorte datur, si sapis^ adde piper. VI. — Alica Nos alicam, poterit mulsum tibi mittere dives, si tibi noluerit mittere dives, emes.^ * ejne y. ^ i.e. too sober. ' BOOK XIII. ii-vi Lest you should waste your time, keep your venom for those that fancy themselves ; I know these efforts of mine are nothing worth. And yet not altogether nothing if you come to me with a just ear, and not with a morning ^ aspect. Ill ~ The whole collection of Mottoes ^ in this slender little volume will cost you to buy four sesterces. Is four too much .^ it can cost you two, and bookseller Tryphon would make his profit. These distichs you can send to your guests instead of a gift, if a coin shall be as rare with you as with me. In addition you will get the names of the things on the headings : pass it by if anything is not to your stomach. IV. — Incense That it may be late ere Germanicus rule the palace of Heaven, and that he may long rule earth, give pious incense to Jove. V. — Pepper When a beccafico, with its bright waxen flesh and plump sides, falls to you by lot, if you have taste, add pepper. VI. — Barley-water I CAN send you barley-water,^ a rich man will be able to send you mead. If the rich man be unwilling to send it, you will buy. 2 Lit. Xenia (gifts to guests). M. means here the headed distichs, which were like the mottoes on Christmas crackers. ' A cheap drink : cf. xii. Ixxxi. 3. 393 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL YLl.—Faba Si spumet rubra conchis tibi pallida testa, lautorum cenis saepe negare potes. Ylll.—Far Inbue plebeias Clusinis pultibus ollas, ut satur in vacuis diilcia musta bibas. IX. — Lens AcciPE Niliacam, Pelusia munera, lentera: vilior est alica, carior ilia faba. X. — Simula Nec dotes simulae possis nunierare nee usus, pistori totiens cum sit et apta coco. XI. — Hordeum MuLio quod non det tacituris, accipe, mulis. haec ego coponi, non tibi, dona dedi. XII. — Frumentum Ter centum Libyci modios de messe coloni sumCj suburbanus ne moriatur ager. * " You will get such a good dinner at home." ^ Pulse was probably supposed to ripen new wine. * Celebrated for its lentils : Verg. Georg. i. 228. 394 BOOK XIII. vii-xii Yll.—Bea?is If pale beans bubble for you in a red earthenware pot you can often decline the dinners of sumptuous hosts.^ YllL—Spell Flavour common jars with pulse from Clusium, that, after dinner, you may drink from them, when empty, new wine.^ IX. — Lentils Receive lentils of Nile, a present from Pelusium ^ ; tliey are cheaper than spelt, dearer than beans. X.— Flour One cannot enumerate the properties or the uses of flour, seeing that it is so often handy for the baker and the cook. XL — Barley Receive something for your muleteer to withhold from your mules that will not blab. I have given this to the inn-keeper, not to you,* as a gift. Xll.—Com Take three hundred pecks from the harvest of the Libyan farmer, that your suburban land may not gi"ow sterile.^ * The muleteer steals the barley k.ik1 sells it to the inn- keeper. * By being over-cropped, and not alh^wed to lie fallow. This gift of Libyan corn will maintain the farmer for a time. 395 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XIIL—Betae Ut sapiant fatuae, fabrorum prandia^ betae, o quam saepe petet vina piperque cocus I XIV. — Laclucae C^UDERE quae cenas lactuca solebat avorum, die mihi, cur nostras inchoat ilia dapes ? XV. — Ligna Acapna Si vicina tibi Nomento rura coluntiir, ad villain moneo, rustice, ligna feras. XVI.— /?apa Haec tibi brumali gaudentia frigore rapa quae damns, in caelo Romulus esse solet. XVII. — Fascis CoUculi Ne tibi f)allentes moveant fastidia caules, nitrata viridis brassica fiat aqua. XVIII. — Porri Sedivi FiLA Tarentini graviter redolentia porri edisti quotiens, oscula clusa dato. ^ cf. XI. lii. 6, where M. gives the reason. ^ Situated in a marshy district, where the wood would be wet and not smokeless. Wood was also made smokeless by special treatment, viz. soaking in water and drying, or in the lees of oil (Plin. N.H. xv. 8), or by scorching. ' The deified Romulus retains hia simple tastes in Heaven : BOOK XIII. xiii-xvin XIII.— ^ee^ That insipid beet^ the noon-meal of artizans, may acquire flavour, oh, how often will the cook ask for wine and pepper ! XlV.—LeUuce Tell me, why is it that lettuce, which used to end our grandsires' dinners, ushers in ^ our banquets ? XV. — Smokeless Wood If you till fields near to me at Nomentum,^ I remind you, rustic, to bring wood to my villa. XYl.—Ilape These rapes, delighting in winter's cold, which I give you, in heaven Romulus is wont to eat.' XVII. — A Bundle of Cabbage Sprouts In order that pale sprouts may not move your disgust, let the cabbage become green in water and soda. XYIll.—Cul Leeks As often as you have eaten the strong-smelling shoots* of Tarentine leeks, give kisses with shut mouth. ef. Sen. Apoe. 9, where Hercules is of opinion that it is " to the interest of the state " that R. sliould have someone to "devour hot rape " with him, and tlierefore that the Emperor Clandiua should be admitted as a God. * i.e. porrum eectivum : cf. X. xlviii. 9. Nero ate them in oil to improve his voice: Plin. N.IT. xix. 33. 397 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XIX. — Porri Capitati MiTTiT praecipuos nemoralis Aricia porros : in niveo virides stipite cerne comas. XX. — Napi Hos Amiternus ager felicibus educat hortis : Nursinas poteris parcius esse pilas. XXI. — Asparagi Mollis in aequorea quae crevit spina Ravenna non erit incultis gratior asparagis. XXII. — Uvae Duracinae Non habilis cyathis et inutilis uva Lyueo, sed non potanti me tibi nectar ero. XXIII. — Ficus Chiae Chia seni similis Baccho, quern Setia misit, ipsa merum secum portat et ipsa salem. ^ But, according to Pliny {N.H. xix. 33), the finest came from Egypt, those from Ostia and Aricia ranking next. * The navew is also called the French turnip (Napus brassica), in Greek pdcpvs or Povvihs, and has a root elongated like a carrot. It likes a sloping situation, and a light and dry soil, whereas the ordinary rape thrives in the marsh : Col. ii. 10. Amiternum was famed for them, and Nursia came second: Plin. N.H. xix. 25. ' Which often produced asparagus of three to the pound ; BOOK XIII. xix-xxiii XIX. — Headed Leeks Woody Aricia sends the finest leeks ^ : observe on the white stem the green blades. XX. — Naveivs These the land of Amiternum nurtures in its fertile gardens ; the round rapes of Nursia you will be able to eat at less cost.^ XXI. — Asparagtis The succulent stalk that has grown in watery Ravenna 3 will not be more palatable than wild asparagus. XXIL — Hard-skinned Grapes I AM a grape unfit for the wine-cup and worthless to LyaeuSj but, if you do not drink me, I shall be nectar to you.* XKllL—Chian Figs A Chian fig is like the old wine Setia has sent you ; it carries in itself new wine, and in itself salt too.^ Pliny, N.II. xix. 19 (2). According to Athenaeus (ii. 62) the planted asparagus grew to a great size, but the best were not the cultivated. The wild was called corruda : Plin. supra. ■* These grapes were kept to be eaten, and not turned into wiue. 'i'liey were when eaten seemingly very palatable. The temperate Augustus speaks of himself (Suet. Aug. Ixxvi). as eating in his litter an ounce of bread and a few duracinae. " The Chian fig was not only pungent (c/. VII. xxv. 8), but also juicy. 399 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXIY. —Ci/donea Si tibi Cecropio saturata Cydonea melle ponentur, dicas : " Haec melimela placent." XXV. — Nuces Pineae PoMA sumus Cybeles : procul hinc discede, viator, ne cadat in miserum nostra ruina caput. XXYI.—Sorba SoRBA sumus, molles nimium tendentia ventres : aptius haec puero quam tibi poma dabis. XXVIL — Petalium ^ Caryotarum AuREA porrigitur lani caryota Kalendis; sed tamen hoc munus pauperis esse solet. XXVIII. — Vas Cottnnorum Haec tibi quae torta venerunt condita meta, si maiora forent cottana, ficus erat. XXIX. — Vas Damascenorum Pruna peregrinae carie rugosa senectae sume : sclent duri solvere ventris onus. ^ petadium /3, petavivum T, palalhion Salmasius. ^ As recommended by Pliny (N.H. xv. 18 (2)). ' Because she turned her favourite Attis into a fir, which thus became sacred to her. * i.e. cinaedo. Pliny {N.H. xxiii. 73) says the dried berries were astringent. Wine was sometimes made of them : Verg. (jle.org. iii. 379. 400 BOOK XIII. xxiv-xxix XXIV. — Quinces If quinces steeped in Attic honey ^ shall be put before you, you would say : " These honey-apples are delicious." XXV. — Pifie Cones We are Cybele's apples " ; depart far hence, tra- veller, lest our downfall descend on your wretched head. XXVI. — Service Benies We are service berries that astrict too relaxed bowels ; you will better give these apples to your boy ^ than to yourself. XXVII. — A Stem with Dates A GILT date is offered on the kalends of January*; but yet this is wont to be the gift of a poor man. XXVIII. — A Jar of small Syrian Figs These Syrian figs, which, stored in a round conical jar, have reached you, would, if largei-,^ be figs. XXIX. — A Jar of Damascene Plums Take plums wrinkled by shrivelling old age abroad ^ : they are used to lighten the load of an obstinate stomach. * By poor clients to their patrons : cf. viii. xxxiii. II, 12. ' Coitana were s7naU fig8 from Syria : Plin. N.JI. xiii. 10; cf. IV. Ixxxviii. 6 and vii. liii. 7. « cf. V. xviii. 8. Pliny {N. ff. xv. 12) says that D. plums grown in Italy did not shrivel for lack of sun. 401 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXX. — Caseiis Lunensis Caseus Etruscae signatus imagine Lunae praestabit pueris prandia mille tuis. XXXI. — Caseus Vestinus Si sine carne voles ientacula sumere frugi, haec tibi Vestino de grege massa venit. XXXII. — Caseus Fumosus NoN quemcumque foeum nee fumum caseus omnem, sed Velabrensem qui bibit, ille sapit. XXXIII. — Casei Trebulani Trebula nos genuit ; commendat gratia duplex, sive levi flamma sive domamur aqua. 'KXXn.—Bulbi Cum sit anus coniunx et sint tibi mortua membra, nil aliud bulbis quam satur esse potes. XXXV. — Lucanicae FiLiA Picenae venio Lucanica porcae : pultibus hinc niveis grata corona datur. ^ Cheeses were made very large at Luna : Plin. N. H. xi. 97, who saj's they were made of a thousand pounds' weight. ^ Vestinian cheese was a favourite with the Romans. The Vestini were in central Italy, between the Apennines and the Adriatic. ^ A district of Rome on the W. slope of the Palatine. Clieeses were smoked here to improve their flavour. * A town in the Sabine country : cf. v. Ixxi. 1. The 402 BOOK XIII. xxx-xxxv XXX. — Cheese from Luna Cheese, stamped with the crest of Etruscan Luna, will afford your slaves a thousand lunches.^ XXXI. — A Feslinian Cheese If you wish without meat to take a frugal break- fast, this lump comes to you from a Vestinian^ flock. XXXII. — Smoked Cheese It is not every heat, or every smoke that a cheese imbibes ; but that which has imbibed V^elabran ^ has flavour. XXXIII. — Cheese from Trebula Trebula * gave us birth ; a double excellence re- commends us ; we are tamed by a moderate fire or by water. XXXIV.— Sm/6* Since your wife is an old woman, and your members are nerveless, you can do nothing but satisfy your hunger with bulbs.* 'e>^ XXXV. — Lucanian Sausages Daughter of a Picenian sow,^ here 1 come, a Lu- canian sausage ; with me you may put a toothsome garnish round white pottage. cheese was good to eat, whether toasted, or moistened in water. 5 Bulbs were eaten as aphrodisiacs : cf. in. Ixxv. 3 ; Athen. ii. 64. * cf. IV. xlvi. 8 ; v. Ixxviii. 9. According to Apicius (ii. 4) the sausage was compounded of minced pork flavoured with pepper, cumin, savory, rue, parsley, and bay-leaves. It was called iu Low Latin ealaicia, whence the word sausage. 403 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXVI. — Cistclla Olivarum Haec quae Picenis venit subducta trapetis inchoat atque eadem finit oliva dapes. XXXVII.— Ma^fl Citrea AuT Corcyraei sunt haec de frondibus horti, aut haec Massyli poma draconis erant. XXXVIII. — Colustrum SuBRiPUiT pastor quae nondum stantibus haedis de primo matrum lacte colustra damus. XXXIX. — Haedus Lascivum pecus et vii'idi non utile Baccho det poenas ; nocuit iam tener ille deo. XL. — Ova Candida si croceos circumfluit unda vitellos, Hesperius scombri temperet ova liquor. XLI. — Porcellus Lactans Lacte mero pastum pigrae mihi matris alumnum ponat, et Aetolo de sue dives edat. ' <•/. I. xliii. 8, * They were either from King Alcinous' garden : cf. x. xciv. 2, or were golden apples of the Hesperides. ' The first milk given by the mother : Plin. N.H. xxviii. 33. 404 BOOK XIII. xxxvi-xLi XXXVI. — A Small Box of Olives These olives which have reached you, withdrawn from the oil presses of Picenum,^ begin and also end our repasts. XXXYll.— Citrons These were either from the branches of Corcyra's garden, or they were apples, the Massylian dragon's charge. 2 XXXYUL— Beestings Beestings,^ whereof the shepherd has robbed the kids while not yet able to stand, I give you fi-om the first milk of the dams. XXXIX.— ^ Kid Let the wanton beast, and one of no service to the green vine, pay the penalty ; though young, it has already injured the god.* XL.— Eggs If a white liquid surround the saffron-coloured yolks, let the sauce ^ of Spanish mackerel season the eggs. XLI. — A Sucking Pig Let a rich man set before me the nursling, fed on milk alone, of a lazy mother, and let him eat of an Aetolian boar.* * Bacchus. The kid has nibbled the vine. In Anth. Pal. X. 75 and 79 the wounded vine retorts. The goat was a victim sacred to Bacchus. ^ i.e. garum : cf. xiii. cii. • Like that slain by Meleager : qf. vil. xxvii. 2. 405 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLII. — Apyrina et Tubures NoN tibi de Libycis tubures et ajiyrina ramis, de Nomentanis sed damus arboribus. XLm.—Idem Lecta suburbanis mittuntur apyrina rarais et vernae tubures. quid tibi cum Libycis? XLI V. — Smnen Esse putes nondum sumen ; sic ubere largo et fluit^ et vivo lacte papilla tumet. XLV. — Pulli Gallinacei Si Libycae nobis volucres et Phasides essent, acciperes^ at nunc accipe chortis aves. XLVI. — Persica Praecocia^ ViLiA maternis fueramus Persica ramis : nunc in adoptivis Persica cara sumus. * cffluet By. ' praecocta a, praecoqua y. 1 According to Pliny (N.H. xv. 14) a kind of African apple, or rather berry, of two kinds, one white, the other red. At Verona grew a variety called lanaia from having a down like a peach. - Pliny says [N.H. xv. 14) the tuber-apple was introduced into Italy by Sextus Papinius, " qnem considem vidimus," i.e. comparatively recently. Suetonius {Dom. xvi.) tells a 406 BOOK XIII. xLii-xLvi XLII. — Pomegranates and Tuber-apples I DO not give you tuber-apples ^ and pomegranates from Libyan boughs, but from my Nomentan trees. XUll.—The Same Culled from suburban boughs are sent you pome- granates and home-grown tuber-apples.^ What do you want with Libyans ? XUN.—Sows Paps You would think it not yet a dish of udder, so full- flowing is the dug, and so does the pap swell with living milk.^ XIN.—Fonds If I possessed guinea-fowls and pheasants you should receive them ; but now receive the birds of the farmyard. XLVI. — Early Peaches Of little worth should we peaches have been on the branches of our mother tree ; now on adoptive boughs we peaches are prized.* story bow Doinitian on the day before his murder, being offered some tuber-apples, comniamlcd their being kept tor the morrow, " si modo iUi iicuerit." ' The thing sent is apparently the udder cooked, which is so full of milk it seems alive. * Friedliinder explains of peaches grafted on an apricot [malum jjraecoz) tree ; cf. Calp. ii. 42, of peaches grafted on a plum tree. 407 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XL VII. — Panes Picentini PiCENTiNA Ceres niveo sic nectare crescit ut levis accepta spongea turget aqua. XLYllL—Boleti Aroentum atque aurum facilest laenamqii-a togamque mittere ; boletos mittere difficilest. XLIX. — Ficedulae Cum me ficus alat, cum pascar dulcibus uvis, cur potiiis nomen non dedit uva mihi ? L. — Terrae Tuhera RuMPiMus altricem tenero quae vertice terram tubera, boletis poma secunda sumus. LI. — Turdorum Decuria Texta rosis fortasse tibi vel divite nardo, at mihi de turdis facta corona placet. LII. — Anates ToTA quidem ponatur anas, sed pectore tantum et cervice sapit : cetera redde coco. 1 According to Pliny [N.H. xviii. 27) Picenian bread was made of spelt (alica), steeped for nine days, then mixed with raisin juice, and kneaded into the shape of a spool of wool {in specitm tractae), and then baked. He adds that it was not fit to eat till it had been moistened with milk mixed with honey (muUxun). * Either because they grow only at certain seasons (Fried- lander), or because they are so precious that one prefers to eat them oneself. 408 BOOK XIII. xLvii-Lii XLVII. — Picenian Loaves The bread of Picenum jrrows big with its white nectar as a light sponge swells when it has taken in water. ^ XLVIII. — Mushrooms Silver and gold, and a mantle, and a toga it is easy to send ; to send mushrooms is difficult.^ XLIX. — Beccqficos Seeing that figs nourish me, seeing that I am fed on sweet grapes, why did not the grape rather give me my name .'' ^ L. — Truffles We truffles * that burst through the nurturing soil with our soft heads are of earth's apples second to mushrooms. LI. — A Decade of Fieldfares A CIRCLET woven of roses or rich spikenard perhaps pleases you, but one made of fieldfares ^ pleases me. LI I. — Ducks Let a duck certainly be served up whole ; but it is tasty only in the breast and neck : the rest return to the cook. 3 <i Why am I not called uvedulal" * In Greek v^va. See Athen. ii. 60 and Plin. xix. 11. They grow of tlieir own accord, parlicuhirly in dry and sandy soil. Pliny calls them "callosities of the earth" (terrae calium). Juvenal (v. 115) refers to the fable (rejected by Plutarch : Quaest. Conv. iv. 2) that trufiles were produced by thunderstorms. * Fieldfares were often strung round a hoop : cf. iii. xlvii. 10. VOL. M. O 409 THE EPIGRAxVlS OF MARTIAL LIII. — Turtures Cum pins^uis mihi turtur erit, lactuca, valebis ; et cocleas tibi habe. perdere nolo famem. UN.—Perna Cerretana mihi fiat vel missa licebit de Menapis : lauti de petasone vorent. LV. — Petaso MusTEUs est : propera, caros nee differ amicos. nam mihi cum vetulo sit petasone nihil. 'LW.— Volva Te fortasse magis capiat de virgine porca ; me materna gravi de sue volva capit. L VII. — Co locasia NiLiACUM ridebis holus lanasque sequaces, inproba cum morsu fila manuque trahes. LVIII. — lecur Anserinum AsPiCE quam tumeat magno iecur ansere maius ! miratus dices " Hoc, rogo, crevit ubi ? " ^ By eating the lettuce and snails at the gustatio. ' Spanish. The Cerrilani were a people in the Pyrenees, celebrated for bacon. * A people on the left bank of the Rhine, near its mouth. * cf. VII. XX. 11. There is a long dissertation on the subject in Ath. iii. 57 seqq. ^ cf. VIII. xxxiii. 13. V\iny{N.H. xxi. 51) says it is " cavle 410 BOOK XIII. Lin-Lviii LIII.^ — Turtle-doves When I shall have a fat turtle-dove, good-bye, lettuce ; and keep the snails for yourself. I don't want to spoil my appetite.^ LIV. — Gammon of Bacon Let me have Cerretanian ^ gammon served to me, or it may be sent from the Menapians ^ ; let gourmets devour ham. IN.— Ham It is freshly cured : make haste, and do not put off your dear friends ; for let me have nothing to do with an old ham. l,\l.— Womh You perhaps the womb of a virgin pig may allure more : the maternal womb of a pregnant sow allures me.* LVII. — Egyptian Beans You will scoff at this vegetable from Nile and its tenacious threads when with teeth and hands you draw out its stubborn fibres.^ \jWW.— Goose' s Liver See how the liver is swollen bigger than a big goose! In wonder you will say: "Where, I ask, did this grow ? " ^ araneoBO in mandendo," i.e. like spider's webs. Athenaeus (iii. 2) gives a long description of it from Theophrastus. " Geese were fattened on figs by gourmets : Hor. Sat. ii. viii. 88 ; and their livers grew to a great siz.e : Juv. v. 114. See generally Allien, ix. .S2. The practice is recalled by the viordftgato, Italian for liver. 411 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LIX. — Glires ToTA mihi dormitur hiemps et pinguior illo tempore sum quo me nil nisi somnus alit. LX. — Cimiculi Gaudet in effossis habitare cuniculus antris. monstravit tacitas hostibus ille vias. LXI. — Attagenae Inter sapores fertur alitum primus lonicarum gustus attagenarum. LXII. — Gallinae Altiles Pascitur et dulci facilis gallina farina, pascitur et tenebris. ingeniosa gula est. LXIII. — Capones Ne nimis exhausto macresceret inguine gallus, amisit testes, nunc mihi Gallus erit. IjKiN.—Idem SuccuMBiT sterili frustra gallina marito. hunc matris Cybeles esse deeebat avem. ^ c/. III. Iviii. 36. Dormice were kept in pens (glirarta), and, for purposes of fattening, even in casks : Varr. R.R. ill. 15. They were fattened on beechnuts : Plin. N.H. xvi. 7. '^ Cuniculus is also a military term for a mine. » So, according to Pliny, N.H. x. Ixviii., who says the atiagen was formerly a rare bird, but in hia day was found in Gaul and Spain and in the Alps. 412 BOOK XIII. Lix-Lxiv LIX. — Dormice All my winter is passed in sleep, and I am fatter at that season during which nothing but sleep nourishes me.^ LX. — Rabbits A RABBIT delights in dwelling in burrowed holes : he taught foes the art of secret paths.^ LXI. — Heathcocks Of all flavours of fowls the most tasty is said to be that of Ionian ^ heathcocks. LXII. — Fatted Fowls The hen is easily fattened on sweetened meal ; it fattens, too, on the dark.* Ingenious is gluttony ! LXIII. — Capons That the cock might not grow thin by over in- dulgence, he has been gelded. Now he will be to me a Gaul.^ IjXlY.—The Same In vain the hen submits to her sterile husband. This bird it beseemed to have been the bird of Mother Cybele.^ * Ut immotae facile pinguescant, in ohscuro continentur : Sen. Ep. cxxii. 4. * M. plays on the meanings of gallus, viz. a cock, a Gaul, or a priest of Cybele. See next epigram. * Whose priests were called Galli : cf. ii. xlv. 2 ; viii. Ixxv. 16. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXV. — Perdices PoNiTUR Ausoniis avis haec rarissima mensis : banc in piscina ludere saepe soles. LXVI. — Columbinae Ne violes teneras periuro dente columbas, tradita si Gnidiae sunt tibi sacra deae. LXVIL— PaZwTwfti iNGtJiNA torquati tardant hebetantque palumbi : non edat banc volucrem qui cupit esse salax. hXYllL—Galhuli Gai.bina ^ decipitur calamis et retibus ales, turget adhuc viridi cum rudis uva mero. LXIX. — Catlae Pannonicas nobis numquam dedit Umbria cattas : mavult haec domino ^ mittere dona Pudens. LXX. — Pavones MiRARTS, quotiens gemmantis explicat alas, et potes hunc saevo tradere, dure, coco ? ^ Galbula y. - dominae S. ^ No explanation of this epigram is known. * Doves were sacred to Venus. ^ The identity of the bird, here called witwall, is very obscure. It is generally supposed to be the same as the XKTtpos, or vireo, and has been variously identified with the 414 BOOK XIII. Lxv-Lxx LX V. — Partridges This bird is very rarely served on Italian tables : one often sees it playing in the fishpond.^ UXNl.— Doves Do not violate with profane tooth tender doves, if the rites of the goddess of Cnidos^ have been entrusted to you. LXVn. — Wood-pigeons Ringdoves check and blunt the manly powers : let not him eat this bird who wishes to be lickerish. i:Kyill.—Wit7valls The green bird ^ is beguiled by canes * and nets at the season when the young grape is swelling with juice yet immature. LXIX. — Cailae Umbria has never supplied us with Pannonian cattae ; these are the gifts Pudens prefers to send to his lord.* LXX. — Peacocks Dost thou admire it, oft as it spreads its spangled wings, and hast the heart, unfeeling man, to deliver this bird to a cruel coo'li ? golden oriole (0. galbula), the greenfinch, and the green woodpecker. * Limed canes : c/. ix. liv. 3 ; XIV. ccxviii. * P., wlio came from Umbria, preferred to send these birds, which he had reared in Umbria, as a present to his patron, rather than birds of his native country. The catla is unknown. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXX I. — Phoenicopteri Dat mihi pinna rubens nomen, sed lingua gulosis nostra sapit. quid si garrula lingua foret ? LXXII. — Pkasiani Argoa primum sum transportata carina: ante mihi notum nil nisi Phasis erat. LXXIII. — Numidicae Ansere Romano quamvis satur Hannibal esset, ipse suas numquam barbarus edit aves. hXXn.—Anseres Haec servavit avis Tarpeia templa Tonantis. miraris ? nondum fecerat ilia deus. LXXV.— Grwe^ TuHBABis versus nee littera tota volabit, unam perdideris si Palamedis avem. LXXV^I. — Rusticulae RusTicA sim an perdix quid refert, si sapor idem est ? carior est perdix. sic sapit ilia magis. 1 This may be an allusion to Aesopus, the tragic actor, who served up a dish consisting only of singing birds : Plin. N.H. X. 72. Housman, however, thinks that garrula = telltale, and that the bird could say how impure the mouths were that fed on it. * A river of the Colchians from which the Argonauts are said to have brought the pheasant (the Phasian bird). 3 Because luxury had not at that time introduced them into Italy. As to Numidicae, cf. iii. Iviii. 15, 41$ BOOK XIII. Lxxi-Lxxvi LXXI. — Flammgoes My ruddy wing gives me a name, but my tongue is a delicacy to gluttons. What if my tongue were to speak ? ^ LXXll.— Pheasants I WAS transported first by Argo's keel ; ere that Phasis ^ was all I knew. LXXIII. — Guinea-fowls Although Hannibal ate his fill of Roman geese, yet the barbarian never ate the birds of his own land.3 hXX.l\.— Geese This bird saved the Thunderer's Tarpeian fane. Do you wonder.'' a god had not yet built it.* hXXN.— Cranes You will disorder the lines, and the letter will not fly complete if you make away with a single bird of Palamedes.^ IjXXNI.— Woodcock Whether I am woodcock or partridge, what does it matter if the flavour be the same > A partridge is dearer. 'Tis thus it has better flavour.^ * The cackling of geese saved the Capitol B.C. .390 from a night attack by the Gauls. Now it can run no risk. Domi- tian rebuilt the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which had been twice burnt : Suet. Dom. v ; ix. iii. 7. * P. ia said to have copied the shape of the letters he in- vented from the order of the flight of cranes. In IX. xiii. 7 the letter is T= K. M. is probably playing on two meanings of versiL-t (line). See also Luc. v. 716, which M. had in mind. ' cf. Magis iUaJuvant quae pluris tmuntur, Juv. xi. 16. 417 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXVn.— C^c«i DuLCiA defecta modulatur camiina lingua cantator cycnus funeris ipse sui. LXXVIII. — Porphynones NoMEN habet magni volucris tarn parva gigantis? et nomen prasini Porphyrionis habet. LXXIX.— Mw/Zi Vivi Spirat in advecto sed iam piger aequore mullus languescit. vivum da mare : fortis erit. LXXX. — Muraenae Quae natat in Siculo grandis muraena profundo, non valet exustam mergere sole cutem. LXXXl.—Rh07nbi QuAMVis lata gerat patella rhombum, rhombus latior est tamen patella. ' According to Aristotle (Athen. ix. 49), " el<r\i/ coSikoI koI /xaKiara vfpl -ras reAevrds." Plin. {N.H. x. 32) denies it. '■^ The porphyrion is unknown. It was a bird with a long and narrow neck, and long legs. The beak and legs were red. So Pliny, N.H. X. Ixiii. and XI. Ixxix. It is distin- guished from the pelican in Arist. Axk 881. According to Athen. (ix. 40) it came from Libya, and was also a domestic bird. ' P. one of the giants who made war on the gods : Hor. Od. III. iv. 54. * A charioteer of the Green faction of tlie Circus. 4t8 BOOK Xlil. LXXVII-LXXXI LXXYIL—Swans The swan gives forth its sweet measured song with failing tongue^ itself the minstrel of its own death. ^ LXXVIII. — Porphyrions Has so small a bird ^ the name of a great giant ? [t has, too, the name of Porphyrion^ of the Green.* LXXIX.— Lwe Midlets The mullet breathes in the sea-water brought A'ith him, but, already torpid, he begins to languish. 3ive him the fresh sea ; he will be strong.^ LXXX. — Lampreys The big lamprey that swims in the Sicilian deep ;ea has not the strength to plunge when its skin is jcorched by the sun.^ hXXXl.—Twbots However wide is the dish that bears the turbot, y^et the turbot is wider than the dish. ^ Accordii:g to Friedlander fish were brought alive to table n glass vessels and boiled before the eyes of the guests, who observed the changing hues of the dying fish : cf. Sen. Quaest. ai. 17, who observes that it sounds like a fable that the eyes were fed before the tiiroat. "5 According to Arist. (H.A. viii. iii. 4) turtles, when iheir shells were scorched by the sun, were unalile to sink, ind so were caught; see also Plin. N.H. ix. 12. M. says bhe same thing of the lamprey. Such animals were called irAoiTai or flukie : Macrob. .S'«/. iii. 15. The best lampreys :ame from the Straits of Messena : ibid. 419 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXIL— 0*/rea Ebria Baiano modo veni conclia Lucrino: nobile nunc sitk) luxuriosa garum. LXXXni.—Squillae Caeruleus nos Lids amat, quern silva Maricae protegit : hinc squillae maxima turba sumus. LXXXIY.—Scarus Hic scarus, aequoreis qui venit adesus ab undis, visceribus bonus est, cetera vile sapit. LXXXV. — Coracinus Princeps Niliaci raperis, coracine, macelli : Pellaeae prior est gloria nulla gulae. liXXXYl.— Echini IsTE licet digitos testudine pungat acuta, cortice deposita mollis echinus erit. 1 Which produced the finest oysters : cf. iii. Ix. 3 ; Macrob. Sat. iii. 15. - Ganivi : cf. xiv. cii. 2 A river in Campania near Minturnae. Marica was its tutelary nymph wlio had a grove near it : Hor. Od. iii. xvii. 7. ■> The scarua is really unknown. It was a favourite fish, brought originally, according to Pliny {N.H. ix. 29), by Tiberius from the" Carpathian Sea, and planted by Optatus, pratfectus c/assis, in the sea between Ostia and Campania. It was preserved for the first five years. Athenaeus (vii. 113) gives a description. 420 BOOK XIII. Lxxxii-Lxxxvi LXXXU.— Oysters Drunken with the water of Baiae's Lucrine,! have I, a shell-fish, just arrived. Now, luxurious that I am, I thirst for the noble pickle.^ LXXXIIL— Pra^^^ra* Cerulean Liris,^ which Marica's wood guards, is fond of us : from hence we prawns come in greatest numbers. LXXXIY. —Sea-hream Of this sea-bream,* which has come lean from the sea- waves, the entrails are good eating ; as to the rest it has poor flavour. ' LXXXY.—Coracinus You of all fish are scrambled for, Coracinus,^ in the markets of Nile ; to Alexandria's gourmets no fish has renown surpassing yours. LXXXVI. — Sea-urchins Although that sea-urchin may prick your fingers with its sharp shell, yet, when it lays aside its husk, it will be soft.^ * An unknown but valued fish peculiar to the Nile : Plin. N.H xxxii. 19, who says it was not caught in winter except on the same few days : N.H. ix. 24. See also Athen. vii. 81, who says it was so called from its continually moving the pupils of its eyes (Kdpat). It was regarded as in every way superior to tlie muUus : Athen. iii. 93. * it was eaten with vinegar and honey sauce, parsley, and mint : Athen. iii. 41. Atlienaeus {loc. cit.) tells the story of a Spartan who at a dinner bit a sea-urchin, shell and all, in ignorance and cursed the viand [(paymxa fxiaphv), adding he would not be beaten by it, but wouhl never eat anotlier. 421 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXYll.—Murices Sanguine de nostro tinctas, ingrate, lacernas induiSj et noii est hoc satis : esca sumus. LXXXVIII.— Go/ni In Venetis sint lauta licet convivia terris, principium cenae gobius esse solet. LXXXJX.— Lupus Laneus Euganei lupus excipit ora Timavi, aequoreo dulces cum sale pastus aquas. XC. — Aurata NoN omnis laudes pretiumque aurata meretur, sed cui solus erit concha Lucrina cibus. XCI. — Acipensis Ad Palatinas acipensem mittite mensas : ambrosias ornent munera rara dapes. ^ cf. V. xxiii. 5. Pliny (ix. 60) says that luxury had made the fish as precious as pearls. Travellers speak of a hill still standing at Tarentum of the debris of the murex. * cf. Col. viii. 16 ; Hor. Sat. ri. iv. 32. ' A small fish, ordinarily little esteemed, but common in the lagoons of Venice. Inferior to a blenny : Diog. L. ii. 67. Juv. (xi 37) treats the price of a go'iiu.i as an insignificant sum, as compared with tlie price of a mull as. * The most prized lupi were called I luati or lanei from the whiteness and softness of their flesh : Plin. N.H. ix. 28. The lupus may have been the bass, one name of which is the sea-wolf, ftom its rapaciousness (Grk. xiBpai,) ; cf. the proverb Xajipax^s Mt\-fi(Tiot of greedy persons ; and generally Athen. vii. 86. 422 BOOK XIIJ. Lxxxvii-xci LXXXVn.— Pwrp/e Mussels Cloaks dyed in our blood/ ingrate, you put on ; and this is not enough : we are your food.^ LXXXVIII. — Gudgeons In Venetian territory, however choice may be the entertainment, the beginning of the dinner is wont to be a gudgeon.3 LXXXIX.— ^Ae Bass Soft and white * the bass breasts the mouths of Euganean Timavus,^ fed on fresh water and the salt of the sea. XC. — The Gilthead Not every gilthead ^ deserves praise and a big price, but the one that feeds only on Lucrine shell- fish. XCI. — The Sturgeon Send sturgeon to Palatine tables ; let rare offer- ing adorn ambrosial ^ feasts. ^ A river, now tlie Timavo, forming the boundary of Istria and Venetia and falling into the Adriatic. ^ The same as the Greek xp'^co'J'pys (the zoological name of which i3 Ghry.iOfihrys aura/a), and probably not the John Dory, the name of which is Zens faher. It feeds on molluscs. ' According to Pliny [N.H. ix. 27) the fish, though rare, was little esteemed in his time. * i.e. of the emperor. M. anticipates the English common law whereby " whales and sturgeons are royal fish, and belong to the King by his prerogative " : 7 Coke's Reports, 16 A. Macrol). {Sat. iii. 16) says that, at a banquet of the Emperor Septimius Severus, the fish was ushered in by crowned attendants to the sound of flutes, quasi numinis pompa. 423 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCII. — Lepores Inter aves turdus, si quid me iudice certum est, inter quadripedes mattea prima lepus. XCni.—Aper Qui Diomedeis metuendus saetiger agris Aetola cecidit cuspide, talis erat. XCIY.—Dammae Dente timetur aper, defendunt cornua cervum : inbelles dammae quid nisi praeda sumus ? XCY.- Oryx Matutinarum non ultima praeda ferarum saevos oryx constat quot mihi morte canum I XGYL—Cervus Hic erat ille tuo domitus, Cyparisse, capistro. an magis iste tuus, Silvia, cervus erat ? XCYll.—Lalisio DuM tener est onager solaque lalisio matre pascitur, hoc infans sed breve nomen habet. ^ Meleager's, who slew the Cal^'donian boar : c/. ix. xlviii. 6; xi. Ixix. 10. ^ cf. viii. Ixvii. 4. ^ A one-horned, cloven-hoofed animal, not unlike a wild goat : Plin. N.H. xi 106. It was a ferocious animal, and came from Gaetulia : 0pp. De Ven. ii. 445. Its flesh was esteemed by rich epicures : Juv. xi. 140. * C. , having by accident sliot his favourite stag, prayed the gods to grant him perpetual grief, and was turned into a cypress, the symbol of mourning : Ov. Met. x. 109 et seqq. 424 fiOOK XIll. xcu-xcvii XCn.— Hares Amongst birds the fieldfare, if my judgment can aught decide, amongst quadrupeds the primest deli- cacy is a hare. XCIIL— ^ Boar The terror in the land of Diomedes, the bristly beast that fell beneath an Aetolian spear/ was such as this. XCIV.— Doe^ For his tusk is the boar dreaded, his horns defend the stag ; we, unwarlike does, what are we but a prey ? XCY.— The Oryx Not the meanest quarry among the beasts of morning shows,^ the savage oryx ^ costs me the death of how many dogs ! XQNl.—The Stag Was this the stag tamed by your halter, Cypa- rissus,^ or rather was it your stag, Silvia^ .'' XCVII.— r^e Milk-foal of the Wild Ass While he is a young wild ass, and is fed by his mother alone, the lalisio ^ has, as a nursling, this name, but one short-lived.^ s Silvia was the daughter of Tyrrheus, the huntsman of King Latinus. Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, shot her favourite stag, and thus brought about the war between the Trojans and the Latins : r.f. Verg. Aen. vii. 483 et seqq. * Pliny (N.H. viii. 69) says that the flesh of the lalisio was much appreciated. ' When weaned it is called a wild ass. 425 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCYUL—Caprea Pendentem summa capream de rupe videbis : casuram speres ; despicit ilia canes. XCIX.— Dorcas Delictum parvo donabis dorcada nato : iactatis solet banc mittere turba togis. C. — Onager PuLCHER adest onager : mitti venatio debet dentis Erythraei : iam removete sinus. CI. — Oleum Venajrum Hoc tibi Campani sudavit baca Venafri : unguentum quotiens sumis, et istud olet. CII. — Garum Sociorum ExPiRANTis adhuc scombri de sanguine primo accipe fastosum, munera cara, garum. cm. — Amphora Muriae Antipolitani, fateor, sum filia thynni : essem si scombri, non tibi missa forem. ^ Perhaps a reminiscence of V'erg. Eel. i. 76. ^ i.t. in the Amphitheatre. ^ It is no use to supplicate for the return of the elephant hunt As to this practice, cf. Ov. Am. iii. ii. 74. * Which was celebrated for its olives : cf. xii. Ixiii.; Hor. Od. II. vi. 16. * Garum, made of the intestines and offal of mackerel. The 426 BOOK XIII. xcviii-cin XCYlll.—The Roe You will see a roe "poised on the summit of a rock ; ^ one can only hope she will fall ; she is showing contempt of the dogs. XCIX. — The Gazelle You shall give a gazelle as a pet to your little son. The crowd loves to procure its dismissal by fluttering their togas.^ Q.—The Wild Ass A BEAUTIFUL wild ass comes ; the hunt of the Indian tusk must be sent away; now shake your togas no longer. 2 CI. — Venafran Oil This oil the berry of Campanian Venafrum * has distilled for you ; your unguent, as often as you use it, smells too of that oil. CII. — Fish Sauce of the Allies Receive this proud sauce,^ made of the first blood of a mackerel breathing still, an expensive gift. cm. — A Jar of Tunny-fish Sauce Daughter of the tunny of Antipolis I confess I aui.^ Were I of the mackerel, I should not have been sent to you.'^ finest was called garum sociorum, and came from a manu- factory at New Carthage in Spain : Plin. N.B. xxxi. 43, who says it was almost as dear as unguent, and was sold for a tliousand sesterces (£8) for 2 congii = 12 pints. ® i.e. I am the inferior fish sauce called mnria, made of the entrails of other fish than mackerel, principally tunny. ^ But to a rich man. 427 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ClY.—BIel Alticum \} Hoc tibi Thesei populatrix misit Hymetti Pallados a silvis nobile nectar apis. CV. — Favi Siculi Cum dederis Siculos mediae de collibus Hyblae, Cecropios dicas tu licet esse favos. CVI. — Passum Gnosia Minoae genuit vindemia Cretae hoc tibi, quod mulsum pauperis esse solet. GYll.—Picatum Haec de vitifera venisse picata Vienna ne du bites, misit Romulus ipse mihi. CVIIL— Mm/5mwi Attica nectareum turbatis mella Falernum. misceri decet hoc a Ganymede merum. CIX. — Albaniim Hoc de Caesareis mitis vindemia cellis misit, luleo quae sibi monte placet. ' A hill near Athens famona for its tliyme. 2 Sicilian honey was inferior to Altic, though Hyblan and Hyinettian honey are constantly mentioned together : c/. XI. xlii. 3. Pliny calls each optimum: N.H. xi. 13. * Mulsum was wine and honey mixed : cf. Ep. cviii. Pa^snm was made from a grape called apiaiia (? muscatel) dried in tlie sun : Plin. N.JI. xi. 11. ■• Vienne in Gallia Narbonensis. The district bore vines 42S BOOK XIII. civ-cix ClY.—Atlic Honey This the bee, spoiler of Thesean Hymettus,^ has sent you, noble nectar from the woods of Pallas. CV. — Sicilian Honeycombs When you make a present of Sicilian combs from amid Hybla's hills '^ you may say they are Attic combs. CVI, — Raisin Wine The vintage of Gnossos in Minoan Crete brought forth for you this, which is wont to be the poor man's mead.^ CVII. — Pilch-flavoured Wine That this pitch -flavoured wine came from vine- bearing Vienna^ do not doubt; Romulus^ himself sent it to me. CVIII. — Honeyed Wine or Mead You, Attic honey, thicken the nectarous^ Faler- nian. It is meet that such a drink be mixed by a Ganymede. ClX.—Alban Wine This wine the mild grape, proud of itself on the Julian mount,^ sends you from Caesar's cellars. producing wine with a natural taste of pitch : Plin. N.H. xiv. 3 ; xxiii. 24. * Some friend at V. where Martial was known : cf. vii. Ixxxviii. 2. ' To blend with honey the wine had to be old : Plin. N H. xxii. 53. ' It was inferior only to Falernian and Setine : Plin. N.H. xiv. 8 (3) One variety was sweet (Athen. i. 48). Juv. (xiii. 214) speaks of its j/redosa stiitclus. 439 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ex. — Surreniinum SuRRENTiNA bibis ? nec murrina picta nee aurum sume : dabunt ealices haec tibi viiia suos. CXI. — Falerjium De Sinuessanis venerunt Massica prelis : condita quo quaeris consule ? nullus erat. CXII. — Setinmn Pendula Pomptinos quae spectat Setia campos, exigua vetulos misit ab urbe eados. CXIII. — Fundanum Haec Fundana tulit felix autumnus Opimi. expressit mustum consul et ipse bibit. CXIV. — Trifolinum NoN sum de primo, fateor, trifolina Lyaeo, inter vina tamen septima vitis ero. ' Tiberius called it generous vinegar, and Claudius noble vapidity : Vim. N.H. xiv. 8(3). It was a thin wine, suitable for invalids : ibid. 2 cf. XIV. cxiii. 1. * Surrentine earthenware : cf. xiv. cii. ; viii. vi. 2. * In Campania, near which was Mons Massicus and Mons Falemus. ^ The wine was as old as the kings (B.C. 510). This is of course hyperbolicaL 43° -y f BOOK XIII. cx-cxiv ex. — Surreniine Wine Drink you Surrentine .'' ^ Take not beakers ot painted murrine,^ nor of gold : these wines will supply you with their native cups.^ CXI. — Falernian Wine From presses of Sinuessa* has the Massic come. Stored in what consul's year do you ask .'' there was no consul then.* CXII. — Seline Wine Setia high-poised, that looks on the Pomptine levels, has sent from a tiny city casks of aged wine.^ CXIII. — Fundanian Wine This Fundanian the rich autumn of Opimius' year^ produced. The consul squeezed out the must, and himself drank the wine. OXIY.—Trifoline Wine I AM not, I confess, of the first brand of Lyaeus ; yet among wines my vintage shall be the seventh.^ * The favourite wine of the Emperor Augustus : Pliii. N.H. xiv. 8 (I). Pliny describes it as less strong than Surrentine, less rough than Alban, and more fiery than Falernian : N.H. xxiii. 21. ' B.C. 121, a famous year: cf. i. xxvi. 7. Athen. (1.48) describes it as a heady wine. * rhe wine was called trifolinum because it matured tertio foliorum exortu, i.e. in three years. It had an eaithy flavour : Athen. i. 48 ; and is called by Pliny [N.H. xiv. 8 ((>)) plebeium. But it is praised by Juv. (ix. 56). 43' THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CX V. — Caecuhum Caecuba Fundanis generosa cocuntur Amyclis, vitis et in media nata palude viret. CXVI. — Signinum PoTABis liquidum Signina morantia ventrem ? ne nimiuin sistas, sit tibi parca sitis. CXVII. — Mamertinum Amphora Nestorea tibi Mamertina senecta si detur, quodvis nomen habere potest. CX VIII. — Tarraconense Tarraco, Campano tantum cessura Lyaeo, haec genuit Tuscis aemula vina cadis. CXIX. — Nomentanum Nomentana meum tibi dat vindemia Bacchum : si te Quintus amat, commodiora bibes. CXX. — Spoletinum De Spoletinis quae sunt cariosa lagonis malueris quara si musta Falerna bibas. * A stimulating and vigorous wine, to be laid down : Athen. i. 48 2 Pliny says (N.H. xiv. 8(3)) that it was considered a medicine " au^teritate nimia continendae utile alvo." It improved after six years : Athen. i. 48. ^ From Messena, in Sicily. It was a sweet and light wine : Athen. i. 48. * i.e. it is as good as any wine. 43? BOOK XIII. cxv-cxx CXV. — Caecuhan Wine i Generous Caecuban ^ is ripened at Amyclae by Fundi, and the vine grows green, born in the middle of the marsh. i CXVI. — Sisnine Wine I . o - Will you drink Signine that constricts relaxed bowels ? That you may not check them too muchj let your thirst be sparing.^ CXNIL—Mamertine Wine ' If a jar of Mamertine ^ as old as Nestor be given to you, it can bear any name you please.'* CXVIII. — Tarraconimi Wine Tarraco, that will yield only to Canipanian vine- yards, begot this wine that vies with Tuscan jars.^ CXIX. — Nomentaii Wine A NoMENTAN vintage gives you this wine of my own. If Quintus loves you, you will drink better wines.^ CXX.—Spoleti7ie Wine Crusted wines from Spoletiue flagons you will prefer to the drinking of Falernian must.^ * " Nohilitantur eleijantia Tarraconensia, et conferuntur lialiae primis " : Plin. N.H. xiv. 8(6). ^ Yet M. says that Nomentan, when it is old, can compare with any wine : cf i. cv. 4. It ripened quickly, and was drinkable after five years : Athen. i. 48. ' i.e. V. new wino. Yet Spoletine was a poor wine ; cf. XIV. cvi. In Athen. (i, 48) it is described as sweet and golden in colour. 433 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXXI. — Paelignum Marsica Paeligni mittunt turbata coloni : non tu, libertus sed bibat ilia tuus. CXXn..—Acettim Amphora Niliaci non sit tibi vilis aceti : esset cum vinum, vilior ilia fuit. CXXIII. — Massililanum Cum tua centenos expunget ^ sportula civis, fumea Massiliae ponere vina potes. CXXIV. — Caerelanum Caerrtana Nepos ponat, Setina putabis. non pouit turbae, cum tribus ilia bibit. CXXV. — Tarentinum NoBiLis et lanis et felix vitibus Aulon det pretiosa tibi vellera, vina mihi. ^ expugnet T$. ^ cf. XIV. cvi. A rough, but stomachic wine : Athen. i. 48. '^ Egyptian vinegar was celebrated : Athen. ii. 76 ; Juv. xiii. 85. ' i.e. when you wish to repay clients for their services. Massilia had a bad reputation for exposing its wines too long 434 BOOK XIII. cxxi-cxxv CXXL — Paelignian Wine Paei.ignian wine-growers send you turbid Marsic^ ,vine. Do not driuk it yourself, but let your freed- nan do so. QXXJl.— Vinegar Let not a jar of Egyptian vinegar be mean in your syes. When it was wine it was more mean.^ CXXIII. — Massilian Wine When your dole shall strike off the list a hundred citizens,^ you can serve them the smoky wines of Massilia. CXXIV. — Caeretan Wine Let Nepos * serve Caeretan,^ you will imagine it Setine. He does not serve it to a crowd : with three guests he drinks it. GXXN.—Tarentine Wine Let Aulon,^ renowned for wool and blest in vines, give precious fleeces to you, wines " to me. to the smoke of the furnace : cf. x. xxxvi. 1. But Athonaeus (i. 48) calls it a good full-bodied wine. * cf. VI. xxvii. 1. * From Caere in Etruria, now Cervetri. ^ A valley in the region of Tai'entum. M. has in mind Hor. Od. II. vi. 18. ' T. wine was sweet and soft, with no strength : Athen. i. 48. 435 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXXVI. — Unguentum Unguentum heredi numquam nee vina relinquas. ille habeat numinos, haec tibi tota dato. CXXVII. — Coronae Roseae Dat festinataSj Caesar, tibi bruma coronas : quondam veris erat, nunc tua facta rosa est. 436 BOOK XIII. cxxvi-cxxvii CXXVI.— Unguent Unguent or wine never bequeath to your heir ; let him have your cash : the whole of these give to your own self. GXXVll.—A Crown of Roses Forced coronals winter gives thee, Caesar : ere- while the rose was Spring's : now has it become thine.^ ' cf. VI. Ixxx. 437 BOOK XIV I [LIBER QUARTOS DECIMUS] APOPIIORETA Synthesibus dum gaudet eques dominusque senator dumque decent nostrum pillea sumpta lovem ; nee timet aedilem moto spectare fritillo, cum videat gelidos tarn prope verna lacus : divitis alternas et pauperis accipe sortes : 5 praemia convivae dent sua quisque suo. " Sunt apinae tricaeque et si quid vilius istis." quis nescit ? vel quis tam manifesta negat ? sed quid agani potius madidis, Saturne, diebus, quos tibi pro caelo filius ipse dedit? 10 vis scribam Thebas Troiamve malasve Mycenas ? " Lude " inquis " nucibus " : perdere nolo nuces. 1 Domitian : cf. XI. vi. 4. The wearing of the pilleuw, or cap of liberty, was common at the Saturnalia, as being sym- bolical of tlie licence of the season. * i.e. when he sees tliat the time is winter. Lucian, how- ever, says {Saturn. 2) tliat a common Saturnalian joke was to blacken a man's face and to duck him in the water. If M. alludes to this, the rendering should be "although he sees " etc. ' Apophoreta are presents given " to be carried away" by guests, and probably distributed by lot (norUs i. 5 and 440 BOOK XIV APOPHORETA I While the knight and My Lord the Senator re- joice in dinner-dress, while wearing freedom's cap beseems our Jove,^ and the home-bred slave, as he shakes the dice-box, does not fear to look the Aedile in the face, when he sees the cold tanks so near,2 receive these lots, gifts of rich and poor alternate ; let everyone give his own guest his proper prize.^ " They are worthless and gira-cracks, or anything still meanei", if possible." Who does not know it? Or who denies what is so plain? But what else am I to do, Saturn, on the unsober days your son* himself gave you in exchange for Heaven? Do you wish me to write of Thebes, or Troy, or guilty Mycenae ? " Play with nuts," you say. I don't want to lose my nuts.^ Petr. 40, 56). Martial's couplets describe such gifts, and were clearly intended to go in pairs, one couplet describing something that would be given by a rich man, and the next something similar that would be given by a poor man. But some couplets appear to have been lost or to have got out of order — «.(7. Ixvii. and Ixxi. ; but the following are among some of the pairs about which there can be no doubt, viz. V. and vi. ; xliii. and xliv. ; Ixxxix. and xc. ; xciii. and xciv. ; clix. and clx. ; clxi. and clxii. See Friedhander's full exami- nation. • Jupiter. 5 cf. v. xxx. 8. VOL. II. 44T THE i^:PIGRAMS OF MARTIAL II Quo vis cumqiie loco potes hunc finire libelliun ; versibus explicitumst onine duobus opus, lemmata si quaeris cur sint adscripta, docebo, ut, si malueriSj lemmata sola legas. III. — Pitgillares Citrei Secta nisi in tenues essemus ligna tabellas, essemus Libyci nobile dentis onus. IV. — QmnquipHces Caede iuvencorum domini calet area felix, quinquiplici cera cum datur altus honos. V. — Piigillares Eborei Languida ne cristes obscurent lumina cei'ae, nigra tibi niveum littera pingat ebur. VI. — Triplices Tunc triplices nostros non vilia dona putabis, cum se venturam scribet arnica tibi. VII. — Piigillares Memhranei Esse puta ceras, licet haec membrana vocetur : delebis, quotiens scripta novare voles. 1 Round table-tops {orhes) were supported on ivory legs : cf. IX. lix. 7, 8. * The sacrifice takes place when the tablets arrived by which the emperor sent notice of promotion. * But generally so considered : cf. vii. Ixxii. 2 ; x. Ixxxvii 6 442 BOOK XIV. ii-vrt II You can finish this little book at whatever point you like; every subject is summed up in two verses. If you ask why headings are added, I will explain : it is that, if you prefer, you may read the headings only. III. — Tablets of Citrus-wood Had not our wood been cut into thin plates, we should have been the noble burden of a Libyan tusk.i IV. — Five-leaved Tablets The glad court of our master is warm with the slaughter of steers, when by the five-leaved waxen tablet is conferred on him high honour.^ V. — Ivory Tablets Lest dark-coloured waxen tablets dim your failing eyesight, let black letters dye for you snow-white ivory. VI. — Three-leaved Tablets You will then deem my three-leaved tablets no mean ^ gift, when your mistress shall write to you that she will come. VII. — Parchment Tablets Imagine these tablets are waxen, although they are calltd parchment. You will rub out as often as you wisli to write afresh. "^ * Parchment according to Quintilian (x. 3) was used by persons of weak sight. The parchment seems therefore to have been specially prepared so as to admit of erasure, as on a wax tablet. 443 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL Ylll.—Fitelliani NoNDUM legerit hos licet puella, novit quid cupiant Vitelliani. IX. — Idem Quod minimos cemis, mitti nos credis amicae. falleris : et nunimos ista tabella rogat. X. — Charlae Maiores NoN est niunera quod putes pusilla, cum donat vacuas poeta chartas. XI. — Chartae Epistulares Seu leviter noto seu caro missa sodali omnes ista solet charta vocare suos. XII. — Loculi Eborei Hos nisi de flava loeulos implere moneta non decet : argentum vilia ligna ferant. XIII. — Loculi Lignei Si quid adhuc superest in nostri faece locelli, munus erit. nihil est ? ipse locellus erit. * Possibly of very small size and named after the maker. They were often used for billets-doux : cf. ii. vi. 6. * i.e. you will not be bored by any poems. 444 BOOK XIV. viii-xin YUl.-'—ntellian Tablets Although she may not as yet have read them, a girl knows what Vitellian ^ tablets wish for. IX. — The Same Because you see we are very small, you believe we are being sent to a mistress. You are mistaken : a tablet of that sort also duns for money. X. — Biss^r Sheets There is no reason you should think the offering puny when a poet gives you blank sheets.^ XI. — Letter-paper Whether sent to a slight acquaintance or to a dear comrade, this paper is accustomed to address everyone as its " Dear friend." ^ Xn. — Ivory Money-hoxes To fill these money-boxes with anything but yellow money is unfitting : let cheap wood carry silver. Xin. — Wooden Money-boxes If anything still remain at the bottom of me, a little money-box, it shall be a gift. Is there nothing.'' The little box itself shall be the gift. ^ Suus was commonly used in the heading to a letter, e.g. <7. Plinius Maximo suo S. {salutem). S. is the "/elix litera" of VII. xlv. 4. 445 il THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XIY,— Tali Eborei Cum steterit nullus vultu tibi talus eodera, munera me dices magna dedisse tibi. XV. — Tesserae NoN sim talorum numero par tessera^ dum sit maior quam talis alea saepe mihi. XVI. — Tunicida Quae scit compositos manus inproba mittere talos^ si per me misit, nil nisi vota feret. XVII. — Tabula Lusoria Hac mihi bis seno numeratur tesseia puncto; calculus hac gemino discolor hoste perit. XYIll.—Nvces Alf4 parva nuces et non damnosa videtur; saepe tamen pueris abstulit ilia natis. ^ The jartus Veneris, or highest throw with the tali, was where each of them turned up a dilTerent number. The /n/i were three or four in number, and on four of the flat sides were maiked 1, .3, 4, and 6. The remaining two sides were rounded and blank. 2 Two, sometimes three, dice {tesserae) were used, but four tali. * Gambling with dice was for monej-, and seems to have been a more expensive mode of gambling than with the knucklebones : cf. iv. Ixvi. 15. 446 BOOK XIV. xiv-xviii XIV. — Ivory Knuckle-bones When no one of the bones you throw stands with the same face as another you will say 1 have given you a great present.^ XY.—Bice Let us dice be not equal in number to the knuckle- bones," if only our stakes be often greater than with the knuckle-bones.^ XVI. — The LitUe Toivcr Dice-box If the cheating hand, that knows how to arrange and throw the bones, has thrown them through me, he will achieve nothing beyond prayers.^ XVTI. — A Gaming-hoard On this side of rne dice ai-e counted by double sixes : on this other the piece of hostile colour is taken by twin foemen.^ XVIII.— A^wf* Nuts appear a small stake, and one not ruinous; yet often has that stake made prize of boys' buttocks.^ ■• i.e. his fraud does not succeed. The turricula appears to have been made with internal grooves to prevent cheating. ' The epigram is on a gaming-table suitable both for the game "of the twelve lines " (similar to backgammon) and the game of "robbers" (like chess or draughts): cf. vii. Ixxii. 8. In the first game the highest throw appears to have been two sixes : cf. (of three dice) Aesch. Ag. 33. In the second game a piece was taken by being hemmed in by t'wo opposing "robbers": rf. Ep. xx. * When they gamble, whereas they ought to be in school *■ cf. v. Ixxxiv. 1, 2. But Gronovius' comment is, " Videtur potiua turpe aliquid ac nefandum siynificari." 447 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XIX. — Theca Lihraria SoRTiTUS thecam calamis armare memento : cetera nos dedimus, tu leviora para. XX. — Calculi Insidiosorum si ludis bella latronum, gemmeus iste tibi miles et iiostis erit. XXI. — Graphiarium Haec tibi erunt armata suo graphiaria ferro : si puero dones, non leva munus erit. XXII. — Dentiscalpium Lentiscum melius : sed si tibi frondea cuspis defuerit, dentes pinna levare potest. XXIII. — Auriscalpium Si tibi morosa prurigine verminat auris, arma damus tantis apta libidinibus. XXIV. — Acus Aurea Splendida ne madidi violent bombycina crines, figat acus tortas sustineatque comas. XXY.—Pectines Quid faciet nullos hie inventura capillos multifido buxus quae tibi dente datur.' 1 Lihraria marks it as for the use of the librarius, con- taining all that he needed. * cf. Ep. xvii. 448 BOOK XIV. xix-xxv XIX. — A Case for JVtiling Materials Having won the case ^ in the raffle, remember to equip it with pens : we have given you all else, do you provide the slighter things. XX. — Draught Pieces If you play the war-game of robbers in ambush, these glass pieces will be your soldiers and their enemies.2 XXI. — A Style-case This style-case, fitted with its proper iron styles,^ shall be for you : if you give it to your boy, it will be no slight gift. XXII. — A Toothpick Mastick ^ is better ; but if pointed wood be not forthcoming, a quill can relieve your teeth. XXIII. — An Earpick If your ear is troubled with a persistent itching, I give you an instrument appropriate to such vagaries. XXIV. — A Gold Hairpin That your moistened hair may not soil your bright silks, let a pin fix and hold up your knotted locks. XX^.— Combs What will be the use, when it will find here no hair, of this many-toothed piece of box which is given you ? * Pointed instruments for writing on wax. * cf. III. Ixxxii. 9. 449 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXVI. — Ciijies Chattica ^ Teutonicos accendit spuma capillos : captivis poteris cultior esse comis. XXVIL— ^«;;o Si mutare paras longaevos cana capillos, accipe Mattiacas (quo tibi calva ?) pilas. XXyi\l.—Umbella Accipe quae nimios vincant umbracula soles : sit licet et ventus, te tua vela tegent. XXIX. — Caiisea In Pompeiano tecum spectabo theatro. mandatus ^ populo vela negare solet. XXX. — Venabula ExciPiENT apros expectabuntque leones, intrabunt ursos, sit mode firma manus. XXXI. — Culler Venatorius Si deiecta gemas longo venabula rostro, hie brevis ingentem comminus ibit aprum. 1 Chafiras T, Castica By. ^ manflattia quid sit nondurn satis liquet, nam ventits y, nam flatus Pontanus. 1 Ladies wore false hair, much of which came froui Germany, or from German captives. This hair was dved with sapo, consisting of goats' fat and beech wood ashes (Plin. N H. xxviii. 51) in the form of balls. See next epigram, and cf. spuma Batava in viii. xxxiii. 20. BOOK XI ;^. xxvi-xxxi XXVL— ^oap The spume of the Chatti turns to flame Teutonic locks : you can be smarter with the hair of a captive slave. ^ XXVII. — Soap-halls from Mattiacum If white-haired you are set on dyeing your aged locks, accept — why be hairless ? — these balls from Mattiacum. 2 XXVIIL— ^ Simshade Accept a sunshade to subdue the overpowering heat ; even though there be a wind,^ your own awning will cover you. XXIX. — A Broad-brimmed Hat I WILL be a spectator with you in Ponipey's theatre^ for blasts of wind are apt to deny the people an awning.^ XXX. — Hunting-spears They will counter boars, and will wait for the lion's rush ; they will pierce bears if the hand be but firm enough. XXXI. — A Himting-knife If you lament that your hunting spear with its long blade has been struck down, this short weapon will closely engage a huge boar. ^ Supposed to be Marpurg or Wiesbaden. It was a town of the Chatti. ^ When the ordinary vela could not be spread, or had to be furled : cf. xxix. 2. * Therefore the head requires a covering. The cau^ea was a high-crowned and broad -brimmed hat. It came originally from Macedonia : Val. Max. v. i. 4, and was especially worn by fishermen and sailors. 45' f THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXII. — Parazonium MiLiTiAE decus hoc gratique erit omen honoris, anna tribunicium cingere digna latus. XXXIII.— Pwgto PuGio, quern curva signat brevis orbita vena, stridentem geh'dis hunc Sale tinxit aquis. XXXIV.— Fate Pax me certa ducis placidos curvavit in usus. agricolae nunc sum, miUtis ante fui. XXXY .—Securicula Cum fieret tristis solvendis auctio nummis, haec quadringentis milibus empta fuit. XXX VI. — Ferr amenta Tonsona ToNDENDis haec arma tibi sunt apta capillis; unguibus hie longis utilis, ilia genis. XXXNIL—Scrinium Selectos nisi das mihi libellos, admittam tineas trucesque blattas. ' The parazonium was a waist belt carrying a sword worn on the left side by military tribunes, whereas the ordinary soldier wore his sword slung on the right side by a shoulder- strap. ' i.e. of an appointment to a tribuneship. ^ cf. I. xlix. 12. Sale was the river of Bilbilis, M.'s birth- place. 452 BOOK XIV. xxxii-xxxvii XXXII. — A Belt and Sivord A soldier's decoration ^ is this, and it will be a sign of a prized honour,^ a weapon worthy to gird a tribune's side. XXXni.— ^ Da^^er This dagger, which a narrow circle marks with its rounded groove, Salo dipt^ while it was hissing in his chilling waters. XXXIV.— ^ Sickle Me our Captain's assured peace has bent to serve quiet uses: the husbandman's am I now, the soldier's was I aforetime. XXXV. — A Small Axe When a melancholy auction for payment of debts was held, this was bought for four hundred thousand sesterces.^ XXXVI. — A Barber's Implements These instruments are suitable for the cutting of your hair ; this one ^ is serviceable to long nails, that^ to your cheeks. XXXVII. — A Bookcase Unless you provide me ''^ with choice books I will let in moths and savage bookworms. * The price is meant to be absurd. The securicula was a child's ornament or toy: cj. Plant. Rud. 1159 Such things were also hung round children's necks as amulets, or as proofs of identity. ^ Cultellus. " Novacula. '' The tcrinium was a circular case (Ov. Trist. i. i. 106) for holding books and papers. 453 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XXXVIII. — Fasces Calamorum Dat chavtis h.abiles calamos Memphitica tell us ; texantur reliqua tecta palude tibi. XXXIX. — Lucei-na Cubicularis DuLcis conscia lectuli lucerna, quidquid vis facias licet, tacebo. XL. — Cicindela Ancillam tibi sors dedit lucernae, totas quae vigil exigit tenebras. . XLL — Lncei-na Pohpm/.vos Inlustrem cum tota meis convivia ilaiiimis totque geram myxas, una lucerna vocor. XLll.—Cereus Hic tibi nocturnes praestabit cereus ignis : subducta est puero namque lucerna tuo. XLIIL — Candelabrum Corinihium Nomina candelae nobis antiqua dederunt. non norat parcos uncta lucerna patres. XLTV. — Candelabrum Ligneum Esse vides lignum ; servas nisi lumina, fiet de candelabro magna lucerna tibi. 1 Candles were made of rope or rush dipped in wax, tallow, 1 or pitch : Varr. De Ling. Lat. v. 119 ; Plin. N.H. xvi. 70. A candle was a poor man's light ; hence it is called a "handmaid" of the rich man's lamp : cf. Juv. iii. 287. * Lamps with even fourteen wicks have been found at Pompeii and Herculaneum. 454 BOOK XIV. xxxviii-xLiv XXXVIIL— ^?m(//e* of Pens The land of Memphis supplies reeds handy for writing : let your roof be thatched with the reeds from other marshes. XXXIX. — A Bedroom Lamp I AM a lamp, privy to the pleasures of your couch : you may do what you will, I shall be silent. XL.— A Candle-^ The lot has given you the lamp's handmaid, which is awake and dispels complete darkness. XLI. — A Lamp with many Wicks Although I illume whole entertainments with my flames, and carry so many wicks,^ I am called a single lamp. XLIL— ^ Taper This taper will afford you light by night, for your lamp has been stolen from your slave. XLIII. — A Corinthian ^ Candelabrum Candles gave me my name of old ; the oil-lamp had no knowledge of our thrifty sires. XLIV. — A Wooden Candelabrum You see I am wood ; unless you guard the light, a great lamp will be made of your candelabrum.* ' According to Pliny (N.IL xxxiv. 3), tliere wnre three kinds of aes Corinthium, one in which silver was the principal ingredient, another in which gold, and a third with equal proportions of gold and silver. * The wicks will set fire to the wood. 455 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XLV. — Vila Paganica Haec quae difficili turget paganica pluma, foUe minus laxast et minus arta pila. XLVI. — Pila Trigonalis Si me mobilibus scis expulsare sinistris, sum tua. tu nescis ? rustice, reticle pilam. XLVLL—Follis Ite procul, iuvenes : mitis mihi convenit aetas : folle decet pueros ludere, folle senes, XlNlll.—Harpasta Haec rapit Antaei velox in pulvere draucus, grandia qui vano colla labore facit. XLIX. — Halteres Quid pereunt stulto fortes haltere lacerti? exercet melius vinea fossa viros. L. — Galericulum Ne lutet inmundum nitidos ceroma capillos, hac poteris madidas condere pelle comas. ^ As to the balls mentioned in this and the three following epigrams, cj. iv. xix. 5 seqq., and vii. xxxii. 7. ^ cf. VII. Ixxii. II. * i.e. chiaedun : c/. ix. xxvii, 10. * i.e. on the athletic ground. A. was a Libyan wrestler vanquished by Hercules : cf. ix. ci. 4. The development of a short, muscular neck was aimed at by athletes : Juv. iii. 88 ; and see Plin. N.H. xi\\ 28 {pectoroaa cervicis repandae BOOK XIV. XLV-L XLV. — A Feather-stujfed Ball This ball which swells with tip;htly- crammed feathers is less flaccid than the bladder-ball and less compact than a hand-ball.^ XL VI. — A Ball for the Three-cornered Game If you know how to bandy me with your nimble left-handers,2 1 am yours. Don't you know how .'' You clown, give back the ball. XLVIL — r^e Bladder-ball Go far off, you young men ; unstrenuous age befits me : with the bladder-ball it becomes boys to play, with the bladder-ball old men. XLVIII. — Scnmmage-halls These the dissolute youth,^ who with empty labour makes big his neck, swiftly catches at on the dusty ground of Antaeus.^ XUX.—Dujnb-hclls Why is strength of arm wasted on the silly ^ dumb-bell.'' Trenching a vineyard better employs men. L. — A Small Cap That the wrestler's dirty oil may not soil your sleek locks, you may cover your moist hair with this skin cap.^ ostentatio). In this case, saj's M., the labour is vain, for it produces nothing. See the next epigram. ' " Slulla eft occupatio exerctndi lacertos et dilatavdi cervicem" : Sen. Ep. 15. He speaks of " manus plumbo graves": Ep. 56. Dumb-bells were also used by masculine women at the baths : Juv. vi. 421, and Mart. vii. Ixvii. 6. " It was a skull-cap with the fur outside. 457 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL tl f LI. — Strisiles Pergamon has misit. curvo destrincrere ferro: non tarn saepe teret lintea f'ullo tibi. LIl. — Gutus Comeus Gestavit modo fronte me iuvencus: veruin rhinocerota me putabas. LIII. — Rhinoceros NuPER in Ausonia domini spectatus harena hie erit ille tibi cui pila taurus erat. LI V. — Crepilacillum Si quis plorator collo tibi vernula pendet, haec quatiat tenera garrula sistra manu. LV. — Flagcllum Proficies nihil hoc, caedas licet usque, flagello, si tibi purpureo de grege currit equus. LVI. — Denlifricium Quid mecum est tibi? me puella sumat: emptos non soleo polire dentes. ^ i.e. they will not be sent to him so dirty : cf. x. xi. 6. 2 The horn was so big. Oil-flasks made of rhinoceros horn were used at the baths by rich men : Juv. vii. 130. ^ cf. Sped. ix. 4 ; x. Ixxxvi. 4. * The sistrum was originally used in the rites of Isis. 458 BOOK XIV. Li-LVi LI. — Skin-scrapers Pergamus sent these ; scrape yourself with the curved blade : the laundryman will not so often wear out your towels.^ LIT.— ^ Horn Oil-flask A STEER bore me lately on his forehead : you fancied me a real rhinoceros horn.^ Lin. — A Rhinoceros-horn Oil-flask This shalTbe for you, that horn, lately seen in our Master's Italian arena, to which a bull was as a straw-dummy.^ LIV.— ^ Small Rattle If any little home-born slave shall hang on your neck in tears, let him shake this noisy rattle * with his infant hand. LV.— ^ Whip You will make no way with this whip though you may continually use the lash, if your courser be of the Purple^ faction. LVI. — Dentifrice What have you to do with me.''^ Let a young maid use me : 1 am not wont to polish purchased teeth. * Which was not favoured by Domitian any more than the Blues : c/. VI. xlvi., although it and the Gold had been added by himself : Suet. Dom. vii. * According to Pliny (xxx. 8) dentifrice was made of the ashi's of dogs' teeth mixed with honey. Pumice was also used : xxxvi. 42. 459 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LVII. — Myrohalanum Quod nee Vergilius nee carmine dicit Homerus, hoc ex unguento constat et ex balano. LVIII. — Aphronitrum RusTicus es ? nescis quid Graeco nomine diear : spuma vocor nitri. Graecus es ? aphronitrum. LTX. — Opohalsama Balsama me capiunt^ haec sunt unguenta virorum delicias Cosmi vos redolete, nurus. LX. — Lomentum Gratum munus erit seisso nee inutile ventri, si clara Stephani balnea luce petes. LXI. — Lantema Cornea Dux lanterna viae clusis feror aurea flammis, et tuta est gremio parva lucerna meo. ^ The word would not go into the metre. Myrobalamim is described by Pliny (N^.H. xii. 46) as the fruit of a tree found in the Thebais and in Arabia with a leaf like that of a heliotrope, the fruit being of the size of a filbert. From it was extracted an oil used in compounding unguent. The Encyclopaedia calls the tree the horse-radish tree {Morinya pterygonperma), the oil being oil of ben used by perfumers. * Spuma nitri was prized, and prescribed by doctors in pills or pastilles : Plin. N.H. xxxi. 46 (3) ; and balls of it were given as presents : Stat. Silv. iv. ix. 37. It was found 460 BOOK XIV. Lvii-Lxi LVII. — Myrohalsam ThiSj which neither Virgil nor Homer mentions in his poems/ is compounded of unguent and ben-nut. JjYIU.— Saltpetre Are you a countryman ? You do not know what I am styled by a Greek name : I am called the froth of nitre. Are you a Greek ? Aphronitrum.'^ LIX. — Opohalsam Balsams ^ attract me ; these are the unguents of men '^ : ye matrons, exhale the choice perfumes of Cosmus.* LX. — Bean-meal 'Twill be a welcome gift, and one not without use to a wrinkled belly, if in broad daylight you go to Stephanus' bath.^ LXI. — A Horn Lantern Guide of your way am I carried, a lantern golden with fenced flame, and safe in my bosom is a small light. in Asia in caves called colycae as a distillation from the rock, and was afterwards dried in the sun. The best was Lydiau : Pliny ibid. ^ The juice of the balsam-tree ; called balm of Gilead or of Mecca, and found, according to Pliny {N.H. xii. 54) only in Judaea. It appears to liave become known in Rome in the time of Pompoy, who displayed the tree in one of his triumphs. Pliny gives a detailed description. * .Tuv. (ii. 41) seems to have been of a different opinion. » c/. III. Iv. 1 ; XI. viii. 9. * cj. iii. xlii. 1. 461 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXII. — Lantema de Vesica ConNEA si non sum, numquid sum fuscior? aut me vesicam, contra qui venit, esse putat? LXlll. — Fistula Quid me conpactara ceris et harundine rides ? quae primum structa est fistula talis erat. LXIY.— Tibiae Ebria nos madidis rumpit tibicina buccis : saepe duas pariter, saepe monaulon habet. LXV. — Solcae Lanatae Defuerit si forte puer soleasque libebit sumere, pro puero pes erit ipse sibi. LXVI. — Mamillare Taurino poteras pectus constringere tergo : nam pellis mammas non capit ista tuas. LXVII. — Muscarium Pavonijiiim Lambere quae turpes prohibet tua prandia muscas, alitis eximiae cauda superba fuit. 1 By the god Pan : cf. Verg. Ed. ii. 32. ^ Two pipes were sometimes played, and they were pares or impares, the former being of the same length, the latter 462 I BOOK XIV. Lxii-Lxvu LXII. — A Lantern made of Bladder If I be not of horn, am I the dimmer ? or does he that meets mc think me a bladder ? LXIII.— ^ Pipe of Reed Why do you laugh at me, compact of wax and reed? The first pipe that was made^ was such as I. LXIY.— Flutes The drunken flautist bursts our ears with her bibulous cheeks ; often she uses two pipes at once, often only one.^ LXV. — Wool-lined Slippers If it happens your slave is not at hand, and you want to put on your house-shoes, your foot will itself be its own slave.^ LXVI. — A Bosom-hand "With a bull's hide"* you might well have braced up your bosom ; for this skin stomacher of yours is too small for your breasts. LXVII. — A Peacock's Feather Fly-flap This which forbids foul flies to taste your meal was the proud tail of a peerless bird. of unequal length. The right-hand pipe was the bass or manly pipe, the left-hand one the treble or womanly pipe. ' i.e.. it will slip easily into the slipj^ers. * An allusion to Verg. Aen. i. 3(jS (Taurino quantum possent circumdart tergo). 463 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXVIII. — Copta Rhodiaca Peccantis famuli pugno ne percute dentes : clara Rhodos coptam quam tibi misit edat. LXIX. — Priapiis Siligineus Si vis esse satur, nostrum potes esse Priapum ; ipsa licet rodas inguina, purus eris. IjXK.—Porcus IsTE tibi faciet bona Saturnalia porcus, inter spumantes ilice pastus apros. LXXI. — Muscarium Biibulum SoRDiDA si flavo fuerit tibi pulvere vestis, corrigat hoc ^ tenui verbere cauda levis. 'O" LXXU.—Bolulus Qui venit botulus mediae tibi tempore brumae, Saturni septem venerat ante dies. LXXlU.—PiiUacus PsiTTACUS a vobis aliorum nomina discam : hoc didici per me dicere " Caesar have." ^ corrigat hoc Postgate, coll. luv. xiv. 67, colligat hunc codd. ^ The Rhodian biscuit was very hard. There may be also a play upon the name copta and the Greek K6-nTfiv (to beat). 464 BOOK XIV. Lxviii-Lxxiii LXYJU.—Rhodian Pastry Don't strike with your fist the teeth of your offending servant ; let him eat the biscuit illustrious Rhodes has sent you.^ LXIX. — A Priapus made from Flour If you want to satisfy your hunger you can eat my Priapus; you may gnaw his very appendage,^ yet you will be undefiled. LXX.— ^ Pig This pig will make you a " Good Saturnalia " : he was fed on acorns among the foaming boars. LXXL— ^w Ox-tail Brush If your dress has been soiled with yellow dust let this light ox-tail emend this with a gentle flap. LXXII. — A Sausage The sausage that has reached you at the mid- season of winter had reached me before Saturn's seven days." LXXIIL— ^ Parrot I, A PARROT, will learn of you the names of others : this I learned of my own accord to say, " Caesar, hail!"^ 2 cf VI. xlii. 2. The Priapus was sometimes stufifed, e.g. with apples and grapes : Petr. 60. 8 Doc. 17-2.3. The sender had received the sausage as a present, and now passes it ou to anotlier person. ■» cf. note to III. xcv. 2. 465 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXIV. — Corviis CoRVE salutator, quare fellator haberis ? in caput intravit mentula nulla tuum. LXXV. — Luscinia Flet Philomela nefas incesti Tereos, et quae muta puella fuit, garrula fertur avis. liXXSfl.—Pica Pica loquax certa dominum te voce salute : si me non videas, esse negabis avem. LXXVII. — Cavea Eborea Si tibi talis erit, qualem dilecta Catullo Lesbia plorabat, hie habitave potest. LXXVIII. — Nartheciinn Artis ebur medicae narthecia cernis : habebis munera quae cuperet Paccius esse sua. LXXIX. — Flagra LuDiTE lascivi, sed tantum ludite, servi : haec signata mihi quinque diebus erunt. Pliny {N.H. x. 15) says : " Ore eos parere aid coire vulgus arhitratur . . . Aristotdes negat . . . sed illam osculaiiomm, quae snepe cernitur, qualem in columhis, ease." See Arist. De Gen. Anim. iii. 6, who traces the vulgar opinion to Anaxagoras. ^ T., king of Thrace, offered violence to Philomela, hia sister -in-lav?, and cutout her tongue to prevent her revealing the crime. P. was changed into a nightingale. 466 BOOK XIV. Lxxiv-Lxxix LXXIV.— .4 Raven O CORVO salutatore, perche sei tu tenuto un fella- tore ? Veruna mentola entr6 nella tua bocca.^ LXXV.— .4 Nightingale Philomela laments the crime of incestuous Te- reus : ^ she who was a silent maiden is acclaimed as a bird of song. LXXVI.— ^ Magpie A CHATTERING pie,^ I with intelligible voice salute you, my master ; did you not see me you -will say I am no bird. LXXVIL— ^n IvorT/ Cage If you shall have such a bird * as Lesbia, beloved of Catullus, mourned, here it can dwell. LXXVIIL— ^ Medicine Chest You see a medicine chest, the ivory equipment of a doctor's art : you will have a gift which Paccius^ would wish his own. LXXlX.— JVhips Play, ye jovial slaves, but play only ; I will keep these sealed up for five days.^ 3 cf. VII. Ixxxvii. 6 ; ix. liv. 9. Petr. 28 describes a magpie in a golden cage that saluted all who entered. * A sparrow : cf. Cat. ii. and iii. ^ A physician. Juv. (xii. 99) mentions a Paccius, an orbvs, who may be the same. The narthecium was, as its name implies, made in the shape of a joint of the giant fennel 6 Slaves during the Saturnalia were allowed a degree of licence. 467 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXX. — Ferulae Invisae nimium pueris grataeque magistris, clara Prometheo inunere ligna sumus. LXXXL— Pera Ne mendica ferat barbati prandia nudi, dormiat et tristi cum cane, pera rogat. LXXXII. — Scopae In pretio scopas testatur palma fuisse. otia sed scopis nunc analecta dedit. LXXXIII. — Scalptorium Eboreum Defendet manus haec scapulas mordente molesto pulice, vel si quid pulice sordidius. hXXXlN.—Manuale Ne toga barbatos faciat vel paenula libros, haec abies chartis tempoi-a longa dabit. LXXXV.— -Leciiis Pavoninus Nomina dat spondae pictis pulcherrima pinnis nunc lunonis avis, sed prius Argus erat. ^ Prometheus, according to the myth, brought fire from Heaven in the stem of the giant fennel {ferula or vapBt}^), and gave it to men. * Used aa a pillow. The Cynics, in imitation of beggars, equipped themselves with a staff and wallet : cj. IV. liii. 3. ' c/. Hor. Sat. ii. iv. 83. As to the analecta, cf. vii. xx. 17. * Tt was in the shape of a hand. 468 BOOK XIV. Lxxx-Lxxxv LXXX.— Ferules Hated much by boys and welcome to school- masters, we are the wood made famous by Pro- metheus' gift.^ LXXXL— ^ Wallet That he may not carry the mendicant scraps of a half-clad bearded philosopher, nor sleep^ with a sour cynic, is the prayer of the wallet. LXXXll.—BrooTns The palm-tree testifies that brooms were once in demand,^ but the crumb-collector has now given a rest to brooms. LXXXIII. — An Ivory Scratcher This hand* will protect your shoulder-blades when "an irritating flea is biting you, or any insect fouler than a flea. LXXXIV.— ^ Wooden Book-holder To prevent your toga or cloak making your books frayed, this fir-wood will give long life to your paper. LXXXV. — A Couch of Peacock-veined Citrus-tvood The bird, most lovely with its painted plumage, gives its name to a couch ; ^ it is now the bird of Juno, but once it was Argus.^ * Couches of cUnii wood variegated by wavy lines, as on a peacock's tail, were vahied : Plin. N.H. xiii. .30. ' Argus had a hundred eyes, of which two only slept at a time. Juno set him to watch lo, whom Jupiter had turned into a heifer. Argus was afterwards turned into a peacock with the eyes in the tail. 469 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL LXXXVI. — Epkippium Stragula succinct! venator sume veredi: nam solet a nudo surgere ficus equo. LXXXYIL—Slibadia AcciPE lunata scriptum testudine sigma. octo capit ; veniat quisquis amicus erit. LXXXVIII. — Gustalormm Femineam nobis cheison si credis inesse, deciperis : pelagi mascula praeda sumus. LXXXIX. — Mensa Citrea AcciPE felices, Atlantica munera, silvas : aurea qui dederlt dona, minora dabit. XC. — Mensa Acei-na NoN sum crispa quidem nee silvae filia Maurae, sed norunt lautas et mea ligna dapes. XCI. — Denies Eborei Grandia taurorum portant qui corpora, quaeris an Libycas possint sustinuisse trabes ? ^ The ephippium was soft, being more like a cushion than a saddle. ^ In the shape of the Greek s, which was often written in the shape of a horse-shoe : c/. x. xlviii. 6. ' [Shell from the sea-tortoise (? turtle) was held superior to that of the land-tortoise, and the male shell was superior to the female. According to Pliny (N.H. ix. 12) the land- tortoises were called chersinae and were found in African deserts, where they subsisted on dew. 470 BOOK XIV. Lxxxvi-xci LXXXVI.— J Pad-saddle Take, hunter, the housing of a nimble steed, for from a bare-backed horse piles are wont to spring.^ LXXXVII. — A Semi-circular Couch Rf.ceive a horse-shoe couch ^ inlaid with crescent lines of tortoise-shell. It takes eight : let everyone come who shall be my friend. LXXXVTII.— ^ Buffet If you think shell of a female land-tortoise is part of me, you are deceived : I am the male catch of the sea.^ LXXXIX.— .4 Citrus-wood Table Receive this wood of a fruitful tree, the offering of Atlas : he who shall give you golden gifts will give you less.* XC— ^ Maple Table I AM indeed not veined, nor the daughter of a Moorish forest,^ but even my wood knows sumptuous feasts. XCI. — Ivo7-y Ttis/cs. Tusks that upbear the huge bodies of bulls ® — do you ask whether they can uphold tables of Libyan wood ? ^ ^ The citrus (a kind of c}'press, Thuja artlcidata, the Greek dva or dvov) came from AJauretania, in N.-W. Africa: Plin. ^V. //. xiii. 29, 30. Round table tops (orhes) were made of it, for whioli incredible sums were often paid. * i.e. neither veined (a feature greatly valued : Plin. N.H. xiii. 30) nor citrus. Maple was second to citrus : Plin. N.H. xvi. 26 ; and one species was also peacock-veined : ibid. • c/. Spect. xix. ^ i.e. the cilrua table tops mentioned in Ixxxix. 471 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL XCII. — Quinquepedal PuNCTA notis ilex et acuta cuspide clusa saepe redemptoris prodere furta solet. XCIII. — Pocula Archetijpa NoN est ista recens nee nostri gloria caeli : primus in his Mentor, dum facit illa^ bibit. XCIV. — Calices And aces Nos sumus audacis plebeia toreumata vitri, nostra neque ardenti gemma feritur aqua. XCV. — Phialn Aurea Caelala QuAMVis Callaico rubeam generosa metallo, glorior arte magis : nam Myos iste labor. XCVI. — Calices Vatinii ViLiA sutoris calicem monimenta Vatini accipe ; sed nasus longior ille fuit. XCVII. — Lances Chrysendetae Grandia ne viola parvo chrysendeta mullo : ut minimum, libras debet habere duas. * A celebrated chaser iti silver of the fourth century b.o. : c/. in. xli. 1 ; IV. xxxix. 5. ^ cj. XII. Ixxiv. 3. ^ c/. VIII. xxxiv. 1. He engraved the figures on the shield of Athene Promachus in the Acropolis at Athens. 472 BOOK XIV. xcii-xcvii XCn.— ^ Five-foot Rule An oaken rule, marked off into lengths and ending in a sharp point, is often apt to detect a contractor's fraud. XCIII. — Antique Cups That is no recent work, nor pride of Roman chisel; Mentor^ made these cups and first drank from them. XCIV. — Dreadnought Cups We are plebeian chased cups of dreadnought ^ glass, and our ware is not cracked by boiling water. XCV.— ^ Chased Gold Bowl Though 1 am noble and ruddy with Gallician ore, I gloiy more in my workmanship, for of Mys^ was the labour you see. XCVI. — Vatinian Cups Receive a cup, a cheap memento of cobbler Vatinius,^ but that nose was longer. XCNll.— Gold-inlaid Dishes Do not insult large gold-inlaid dishes^ with a small mullet : at the least it ought to weigh two pounds. * Of Beneventum, who gave his name to glassware with long spouta like noses : cf. x, iii. 3, 4 ; and Juv. v. 46. He was a buffoon and delator in the time of Nero. * Ghrysendeta appear to be silver dishes with gold orna- ments inlaid or in relief : cf. il. xliii. 11 ; vi. xciv. 1. VOL. II. Q 473 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL X CVII I . — Fasa A rretina Arretina nimis ne spernas vasa monemus : lautus erat Tuscis Porsena fictilibus. XCIX. — Bascauda Barbara de pictis veni bascauda Britannis, sed me iam mavolt dicere Roma suam. C. — Pa7iaca Si non ignota est docti tibi terra Catulli, potasti testa Raetica vina mea. CI. — Boletaria Cum mihi boleti dederint tarn nobile nomen, prototomis (pudet heu !) servio coliculis. CII. — Calices Surrentini AcciPE non vili calices de pulvere natos, sed Surrentinae levc toreuma rotae. cm. — Colum Nivarium Setinos, moneOj nostra nive frange trientes ; pauperiore mero tinguere lina potes. ' Earthenware: c/. i. liii. 6. Pliny {N.H. xxxv. 46) speaks of tlie nohilita-i of the red Samian ware of Arretium. ^ King of Etruria, who besieged Rome in the sixth century B.C. * Nothing is known of this. The Panaci seem to be a Rhaetian people. 474 BOOK XIV. xcviii-ciii XCVUl.—Arretian Vases We advise you not overmuch to despise Arretian ^ vases : Tuscan earthenware was luxury to Porsena.^ XCIX.— ^ Basket I HAVE come, a barbarian basket, from the woad- stained Britons ; but Rome now prefers to call me her own. C. — A Panacian Crock ^ If the country of the elegant Catullus is not un- known to you, you have drunk Rhaetian wine from my crock. CI. — Mushroom Boilers Although mushrooms have given me so noble a name, yet I am a slave — alas ! I am ashamed to own it — to early greens. CII. — Surrentine Chalices Receive chalices not sprung of common clay, out the smooth embossed work of a Surrentine potter's-wheel.* cm. — A Strainer for Wine and Snow With the snow I contain, I warn you, subdue your cups of Setine :^ in a poorer wine you may dip linen bags. ■* Pliny classes Surrentine earthenware cups for excellence with those from Asta and PoUentia, and from Saguntum in Spain : N.H. xxxv. 46. * cf. V. Ixiv. 2. The colum nivarium was a metal colander in which a lump of frozen snow was placed, and the wine was strained through it into the cup or other wine vessel. 475 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CIV. — Sacats Nivarius Attenuare nives norunt et lintea nostra : frigidior colo non salit unda tuo. CV. — Urceoli Mtnisiratorii Frigida non derit, non derit calda petenti. sed tu morosa ludere parce siti. CVI, — Urceus FicLilis Hic tibi donatur panda ruber urceus ansa. Stoicus hoc gelidam Fronto petebat aquam. CNll.—Calathi No8 Satyri, nos Bacchus amat, nos ebria tigris, perfusos domini lambere docta pedes. CVIII. — Calices Saguntini Quae non sollicitus teneat servetque minister sume Saguntino pocula facta luto. CIX. — Calices Gemmati Gemmatum Scythicis ut luceat ignibus aurum aspice. quot digitos exuit iste calix ! ^ According to Pliny barley mecal was sometimes put into the saccusto mitigate the strength of the wine : N.H. xxiv. 1. 2 A calathns was a drinking vessel in the shape of a woman's workbasket. ' BacchuB. 476 BOOK XIV. civ-cix CIV. — A Bag for Straining through Snow My linen also knows how to liquefy snow : no colder spirts the water from your strainer.^ CV. — Small Jugs for -Table-service Cold water will not be wanting ; there will not be wanting hot, if you ask for it ; but do not you be dainty with a craving thirst. CYl. — An Earthenrvare Jus Here is given you a red jug with a spreading handle : Stoic Fronto used to go to this for cold water. CNll.— Tankards^ The Satyrs love us, Bacchus loves us ; us, too, the drunken tigress which has been taught to lick the wine-dabbled feet of her master.^ CVIII. — Saguntine Chalices Take cups made of Saguntine clay, which without anxiety* your servant may handle and guard. CIX. — Gemmed Chalices See how the gold gleams, gemmed with the fire of Scythian emeralds ! How many fingers has that chalice stripped ! ^ * They are " dreadnought": c/. xit. Ixxiv. .3, and Ep. xciv. supra. M. speaks poorly of Saguntine clay-ware; cf. viii. vi. 2 ; but Pliny praises it : N.H. xxxv. 46. ' Rich men often ornamented their cups with jewels from their finger rings : c/. Juv, v. 42. 477 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL ex. — Ampulla Potoria Hac licet in gemma, servat quae nomina Cosmi, luxuriose, bibas, si foliata sitis. CXI. — Crysta Uina Frangere dum metuis, franges crystallina ; peccant securae nimium sollicitaeque manus. CXII. — Nimbus Vitreus A lovE qui veniet, miscenda ad pocula largas fundet nimbus aquas : hie tibi vina dabit. QXm.—Murrina Si caldum potas, avdenti murra Falerno convenit et melior fit sapor inde mero. CXIV. — Patella Cumana Hanc tibi Cumano rubicundam pulvere testam municipem misit casta Sibylla suam. * i.e. the flask will flavour the wine. Nard and other per- fumes were however often mixed with \\ ine : Juv. vi. 303, 464 ; and foliata alludes to this practice. The foliatum was the same as nardinum, a mixture of spikenard and other perfumes, a list of which is given in Pliny (N.H. xiii. 2). ^ A nimhua (lit. storm-cloud) is supposed to have been a glass vessel with apertures for sprinkling wine, like a water- ing-pot. The name may have been derived from the cloud on the glass caused by the snow-cooled wine. 3 Murra was perhaps a natural earth, and may have been 478 BOOK XIV. cx-cxiv ex. — A Drinking-flask In this jewelled flask that bears the name of Cosmus you may drink, luxurious man, if your thirst is for perfumed wine.^ CXI. — Crystal Cups So long as you fear to break them, you will break crystal cups : hands too careless and too anxious alike offend. CXII. — A Glass Sprinkler The storm-cloud that comes from Jove will pour you water in plenty to blend your cups : this one will give you wine.^ CXIII. — Mutrine Cups If you drink your wine warm, murrine^ suits the burning Falernian, and better flavour comes there- from to the wine. CXIV. — A Platter from Cumae This platter, her own townsman, ruddy with the soil of. Cumae, the chaste Sibyl* has sent you. spar: Plin. N.H. xxxvii. 8. See the authorities collected in Mayor's note to Juv. vii. 133. Murrine vases have howes'er been regarded as porcelain, and porcelain vases agreeing with Pliny's description are said to have been found. These vases were first brought to Rome by Pompey after iiis victory over JMithridates in B.C. 63. Enormous sums were paid for them, Nero paying 300 talents (say £60,000) for a drinking cup. * c/. IX. xxix. 3. The ware in question is the red Arretian : cf. xcviii.; which was made also at Capua and Cumae in the first century. 479 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXV. — Calices Vitrei Aspicis ingenium Nili : quibus addere plura dum cupit, a quotiens perdidit auctor opus! CXVI. — Lagona Nivaria Spoletina bibis vel Marsis condita cellis : quo tibi decoctae nobile frigus aquae ? QiXNlL—Idem NoN potare nivem sed aquam potare recentem ^ de nive commenta est ingeniosa sitis. QXNlll.—Idem Massiliae fumos miscere nivalibus undis parce, puer, constet ne tibi pluris aqua. CXlX..—Matella Fidilis Dum poscor crepitu digitorum et verna moratur, o quotiens paelex culcita facta mea est ! CXX. — Ligula Argenlea QuAMvis me ligulam dicant equitesque patresque, dicor ab indoctis lingula grammatieis. ^ rigtntem Py. ^ Excessive ornamentation. The allusion appears to be to diatrda, which were chalices made in one piece with a net- work ornamentation : cf. xii. Ixx. 9. ^ These wines were inferior : c/. xiii. cxx. and cxxi. 480 BOOK XIV. cxv-cxx CXV. — Glass Chalices You observe the ingenuity of Egypt. Ah, how often has the artist, in wisliing to make additions,^ ruined his work ! CXVI.— ^ Flagon for Iced Water You drink Spoletine, or wine stored in Marsian ^ cellars : what is the use to you of the noble coolness of boiled water ? ^ CXYll.—The Same The drinking, not of snow, but of water fresh from the snow, the ingenuity of thirst has devised.* CXYUl.—Tke Same Boy, forbear to mix Massilia's smoke* with iced water, that the water may not cost you more than the wine. CXIX. — An Earthen Chamber-utensil While I am called for by a snapping of the fingers,® and the home-born slave lingers, oh, how often has a pillow been made my rival ! CXX. — A Silver Spoon However much both knights and senators may call me ligula, I am called by ignorant grammarians ^ lingula. ' Decocla (as to which c/. ii. Ixxxv. 1) is wasted on them. * c/. v. Ixiv. 2. ' c/. X. xxxvi. 1 ; xiii. cxxiii. 2. ^ cf. III. Ixxxii. 15. ' Who pedantically insist on the etymology from lingua, and disregard use. 481 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXX.T. — Code aria Sum cocleis habilis sed nee minus utilis ovis. numquid scis^ potius eur coeleaie voccr ? CXXIL— ^«M/i Ante frequens sed nunc rarus nos donat amicus, felix cui comes est non alienus eques. CXXIII. — Dactyliolheca Saepe gravis digitis elabitur anulus unctis ; tuta mea fiet sed tua gemma fide. CXXIN.—Toga " RoMANos rerum dominos gentemque togatam " ille facit, magno qui dedit astra patri. CXXY.—ldem Si matutinos facilest tibi perdere somnos, attrita veniet sportula saepe toga. ^ The cocleare was a spoon with a point at one end, and smaller (c/. viii. Ixxi. 9, 10) than the ligula. The point was used to pick snails (coclcce) or shellfish out of their shells ; hence the name. Petr. 33 speaks of coclearia of "not less than half a pound" weight used for eating eggs, but then they were Trimalchio's spoons. Pliny (N.JI. xxviii. 4) tells us that it was a superstition to perforate empty egg-shells as a defence against evil spells. 482 BOOK XIV. cxxi-cxxv CXXI. — A Snail-pick I AM convenient for eating snails, and no less use- ful for eating eggs. Do you know why I am rather called a snail-pick ? ^ CXXIL— Rings Formerly many a friend gave us as presents, but now here and there a friend. Happy is he whose , comrade is a knight he himself has made l^ '&* CXXIII.— .4 Ring-case^ Often a heavy ring slips from fingers moist with unguent ; but your gem will be made safe in my faithful charge. CXXIV.— ^ Toga He makes the Romans "lords of the world and the race that wears the toga," * who granted his mighty sire immortality.^ CXXY.— The Same If it comes easily to you to lose your morning sleep, by wearing out your toga^ a dole will often come to you. ^ i.e. whose qualification he has supplied (c/. v. xix. 10), and whose gratitude he looks for. The ring was the mark of a knight : cf. vin. v. 2. * cf. xi. lix. 4. * A quotation from Verg. Aen. i. 282. * Domitian, who founded a temple to the Flavian family [cf. IX. i. 8), and also enjoined the use of the toga at spectacles : cf. IV. ii 4. " By constant attendance at levees : cf. ix. c. 5. 483 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXXYl.—Endromh Pauperis est munus sed non est pauperis usus : banc tibi pro laena mittimus endromida. CXXVII. — Cannsinae Fuscae Haec tibi turbato Canusina similbma mulso munus erit. gaude : non cito fiet anus. CXX VIII. — Bardocucullus Gallia Santonico vestit te bardocucullo, cercopitbecorum paenula nuper erat. CXXIX. — Canusinae Rujae Roma magis fuscis vestitur, GalUa rufis, et placet hie pueris militibusque color. CXXX. — Paenula Scortea Ingrediark viam caelo licet usque sereno, ad subitas nusquam ^ scortea desit aquas. CXXXI. — Lacemae Coccineae Si veneto prasinove faves, quid coccina sumes ? ne fias ista transfuga sorte vide. ^ numquam 6XV. ^ The endromis was not a garment, but a warm wrapper of rough textui-e used by riclier men for warmth after gym- nastic exercises : c/. iv. xix. ' c/. IX. xxii. 9. Canusium (now Catiosa) was a town in Apulia on the high road from Rome to Brundusium : c/. Hor. Sat. I. V. 91. It was celebrated for its wool, which Pliny {N.H. VIII. Ixxiii.) calls /m/(;w6-. ' cf. I. liii. 5. The bardocucullus was a hooded cloak covering the whole body, worn principally by common 484 BOOK XIV. cxxvi-cxxxi CXXVI.— ^ IFann Wrapper 'Tis a poor man's offering but not a poor man's wear. This wrapper I send you in place of a cloak. ^ CXXVII. — A Brown Cloak of Canusian Wool This cloak of Canusian ^ wool, very like in colour to turbid mead, shall be your present. Rejoice : it will not quickly become old. CXXVIII— ^ Coivled aoak Gaul clothes you in a Santonian cowled cloak.^ Formerly it was the frock of long-tailed monkeys. CXXIX. — Red Cloaks of Canusian Wool Rome is clad more in brown, Gaul in red, and this colour pleases boys and soldiers. CXXX.— ^ Leather Suriotd* Although you may set out on your journey when the sky is continuously serene, let a leather surtout nowhere be wanting against sudden showers. CXXXI.— ^ Scarlet Mantle If you favour the Blue or the Green,^ why will you assume scarlet? See that by this lot^ you do not become a deserter, people, and bearing some resemblance to the paenula, as to which c/. cxxx. Hence the juxtaposition here of the two names. * The paenula was a closed garment, fitting closely, with an opening for the head and a hood. It was an outer garment, worn over the tunic in wet or cold weather, and was made of frieze or leather. * Factions of the charioteers in the Circus. * c/. XIV. i. 5. 485 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXXXlI.—Pilleum Si possem, totas cuperem misisse lacernas : nunc tantum capiti munera mitto tuo. CXXXIII. — Lacemae Baeticae NoN est lana mihi inendax nee mutor aheno. sic placeant Tyriae : me mea tinxit ovis. CXXXIV. — Fascia Pectoralis Fascia, crescentes dominae conipesce papillas, ut sit quod capiat nostra tegatque manus. CXXXV. — Cenatoria Nec fora sunt nobis nee sunt vadimonia nota : hoc opus est, pictis accubuisse toris. CXXXVI.— Lae«a Tempore brumali non multum levia prosunt : calfaciunt villi pallia vesti'a mei. CXXXVII. — Lacemae Alhae Amphitheatrali nos commendamus ab usu, cum teget algentes ^ alba lacerna togas, ^ tegit Py. alhentts 0. 1 The lacerna was a mantle fastened with a buckle, and not closed in like the paenula. It often had a hood, and was ample, so that it could be worn over the toga {cj. Juv, ix. 29) or other garment. ^ cf. xii. Ixiii. 4. ' The fascia, like the mamillare in Ixvi., was a bandage 4S6 BOOK XIV. cxxxii-cxxxvii CXXXIL— ^ Cap If I could, I should have wished to have sent a mantle complete : now I send you a present only for your head.i CXXXIII.— .4 Baetic Mantle My wool is not deceptive, nor am I transformed in the vat. Let Tyrian mantles please you by such means : my own sheep dyed me.^ CXXXIV. — A Stomacher Stomacher, compress the swelling breasts of my mistress that there may be something for my hand to seize and cover.^ CXXXV. — D'mner Suits are known to us, nor ar this is our business — to recline on inlaid couches. Nor courts are known to us, nor are bail bonds CXXXVI.— .4 Warm Cloak ^ In the winter season smooth coverings do not much avail : my wool makes warm your outer garment. CXXXYll.— White Mantles We recommend ourselves by our use in the amphi- theatre,^ when a white mantle shall cover a chilly toga. usually meant to restrain development of the bust. Here it is meant to give firmness and shape. * The laena was in winter often worn over the toga or pallium : cf. xii. xxxvi. 2. * It was customary to wear white at public spectacles : c/. IV. ii. 487 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXXXYIIl.—Mantele NoBiLius villosa tegant tibi lintea citrum : orbibus in nostris circulus esse potest. CXXXIX.—Cuculli Libumici luNGERE nescisti nobis, o stulte, lacernas : indueras albas, exue callaiuas. CXL. — Udones Cilicii NoN hos lana dedit sed olentis barba mariti : Cinyphio poterit planta latere sinu. CXLI. - —Synthesis DuM toga per quinas gaudet i-equiescere luces, hos poteris cultus sumere iure tuo. QXIAL—Focale Si recitaturus dedero tibi forte libellum, hoc focale tuas adserat auriculas. ^ Made by wet, round-footed vessels. M.'s tables were common ones, and not of citriis. * Callainaa = the colour of the callais, a stone which, according to Pliny {N.H. xxxvii. 56), sapphirum imitatur, candidior, et literoso mari similis, i.e. a kind of sea-green. The hood and mantle should have been of the same hue, as the green hood, wetted by rain, would be apt to stain the white mantle. ' i.e. a he-goat'a : c/. Hor. Od. i. xvii. 7, Olentis uxorea mariti. 488 BOOK XIV. exxxvin-cxLii CXXXVni.— ^ Tablecloth Let woollen cloths cover your nobler citrus wood : on my round tables a circular mark ^ may stand. CXXXIX,— ^ Libumian Hood You have not known, O foolish fellow, how to match your mantle with me : you put it on white ; take it off now green.^ CXL. — Cilician Socks Wool did not supply these, but the beard of the noisome husband : ^ your foot will be able to take refuge in a Cinyphian * nest. CXLI. — A Holiday Garment While the toga gladly rests for five days, you may assume this garb as of right. ^ CXLIL— ^ Comforter Iv, meaning to recite, I shall perhaps have sent you a note of invitation, let this comforter emanci- pate your ears.^ * Cilirium waa a cloth made of goats' hair, and garments or other articles made of it were called ciliria : cf. Cic. Verr. ill. 38 ; Liv. xxxviii. 7 ; even where, as here, the hair came from Africa, Cinyps being the name of a river near the Syrtes : cf. VII. xcv. 13. * The synthesis was worn. at the Saturnalia: cf. xiv. i. 1. It was ordinarily a dinner dress : cf. v. Ixxix. 2. « From boredom : cf. iv. xli. 2. As-serere in liberlalem was the regular phrase for setting a slave free : cf. I. lii. 5. 489 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXLIII. — Tvnicae Pntavinae Veli.era consumunt Pataviuae multa trilices, et pingues tunicas serra secare potest. CXLIV. — Spongea Haec tibi sorte datur tergendis spongea niensis utilis, expresso cum levis imbre tumet. CXLV. — Paenula Gausapina Is mihi candor inest, villorum gratia tanta, ut me vel media sumere messe velis. CXLVI. — Cervical TiNGUE caput Cosmi folio, cervical olebit : perdidit unguentum cum coma, pluma tenet. CXLVIT. — Cuhicidaria Gausapina Stragula purpureis lucent villosa tapetis. quid prodest, si te congelat uxor anus ? CXLYIIL—Lodices NuDO stragula ne toro paterent, iunctae nos tibi venimus sorores. ^ The trilix was where every weft-thread was passed over 01)8 and then under three of the warp-threads, instead of over one and under the next in regular succession, as in ordinary weaving. Tiie process is called twilling, and the fabric would be triple- twilled. V^erg. speaks of a breastplate aH7'o trilix : Aen. in. 467 ; i.e. chain-mail. '■^ Frieze garments were ordinarily worn in winter : c/. vi. lix. 2. 490 BOOK XIV. cxLiii-cxLviii CXLIII. — Patavian Tunics Paduan garments of triple thread ^ use up many fleeceSj and only a saw can sever the thick tunics. CXLIY.—A Sponge This sponge is given you by lot : it is useful for wiping tables when it lightly swells after the water has been squeezed out. CXLV. — A Frieze Surlout Such is my whiteness, the beauty of my wool is such, that you would choose to wear me even in the midst of harvest.^ CXLVI.— ^ Pillow Anoint your head with Cosmus' unguent, your pillow will smell of it : when your hair has lost the fragrance the feathers retain it. GXlNll.— Frieze Coverlets 3 Your coverlet of wool is bright with purple bro- cade. What is the use of it if an aged wife freeze you .'' GXLYlll.— Blankets That the sacking on your bare bed might not show, we sisters, knit together, have come to you.* ' (Jausapum was woollen cloth having, like frieze, a thick nap on one side only, as distinguisheJ from amjihimaUmn, which had a nap on both. It was introduced into Rome in the time of the Elder Pliny's father: Plin. N.H. viii. Ixxiii. * The lodix was a small sliaggy blanket. Sometimes two were sewed together to form a coverlet. The Emperor Augustus used it as a wrap for warmth in the open air : Suet. Aug. Ixxxiii. Lodices came from Verona : cf. Ep. clii. 491 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXLIX. — A mictorium Mammosas metuo ; tenerae me trade puellae, ut possint niveo pectore lina frui. CL. — Cubicularia Polymita Haec tibi Memphitis tellus dat munera : victa est pectine Niliaca iam Babylonos acus. CLI. — Zona LoNGA satis nunc sum ; dulci sed pondere venter si tumeat, fiam tunc tibi zona brevis. CLIl. — Gausapum Quadratum LoDiCES mittet docti tibi terra Catulli : nos Helicaonia de regione sumus. CLIII. — Semicinctium Det tunicam locuples : ego te praecingere possum, essem si locuples, munus utrumque darem. CLIV. — Lanae Amethystmae Ebria Sidoniae cum sim de sanguine conchae, non video quare sobria lana vocer, ^ Damask is a variety of twill (c/. cxliii.), and depends upon the number of warp threads (generally four) intersected by the weft. "^ A weaver's reed. ' Babylon was celebrated for embroidery in colour ; the art of many-threaded work {polymita) came from Alexandria: c/. Plin. N.H. viii. 74. 492 BOOK XIV. cxLix-cLiv CXLIX.— ^ Tucker I SHRINK from big-breasted women : hand me over to some young girl, that my linen may enjoy a bosom of snow. CL. — Damask^ -Coverlets This present the land of Memphis makes you : now has the needle of Babylon been surpassed by the sley^ of the Nile.^ CLI. — A Female Girdle Long enough am I now ; but if your shape should swell under its grateful burden, then shall I become to you a narrow girdle. CLII. — A Square Woollen Rug Blankets the country of elegant Catullus will send you : we are from the region of Helicaon.* CLIII. — An Apron Let a rich man give a tunic: I can gird you in front. Were I rich, I would give both gifts. CLIV. — Amethyst-dyed Wool Drunken as I am with the blood of Sidon's shell- fish, 1 do not see why I am called sober wool.'' * Padiian : c/. x. xciii. 1. ^ "Amethyst" etymologically means " unintoxicated," either, as Pliny says [N.H. xxxvii. 40), because it did not approximate to the colour of wine, or because its possession was supposed to be an antidote against inebriety. There are similar Greek epigrams in Pal. Anth. ix. 748 and 752. 493 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLV. — Lanae Albae Vei.ler(bus primis Apulia, Parma secundis nobilis : Altinum tertia laudat ovis. CLVI. — Lanae Tyriae Nos Lacedaemoniae pastor donavit amicae : deterior Ledae purpura matris erat. CLVn. — Lanae Pollentinae NoN tantum ])ullo lugentes vellere lanas, sed solet et calices haec dare terra suos. CLVIIL— /f/m Lana quidem tristis sed tonsis apta ministris, quales non primo de grege mensa citat. CLIX. — Tomentum Leticonictim Oppressae nimium vicina est fascia plumae ? vellera Leuconicis accipe rasa sagis. CLX. — Tomentum Circense Tomentum concisa palus Circense vocatur. haec pro Leuconico stramina pauper emit. 1 cf. Plin. N.IT. viii. 73. '^ A municipium in V^enetia on the road between Patavium (Padua) and Aquileia (now Altino) : cf. iv. xxv. 1. * Paris gave to Helen. * Laconian purple was the finest produced in Europe, that of Tyre the finest in Asia: Plin. Jv^. //. ix. 60. The latter was superior to the former. ^ A town in Liguria, now Polenza. It was famed for its wool, which was black : Plin. N.H. viii. 73. 494 BOOK XIV. cLv-cLx CLV.— White Wool Apulia is renowned for the finest wool/ Parma for second quality ; its sheep, third in rank, commend Altinum.2 CLYl.—Tyrian^ Wools Us the shepherd gave to his Lacedaemonian mis- tress i^ of less worth was the purple of her mother Leda.-* CLYll.— Wool fro7n Pollentin^ This land is wont to supply not only wool that mourns with its black fleece : it supplies also its native chalices. ClNlll.—The Same My wool is indeed sad in hue, but 'tis fit for close- clipt attendants,^ such as — but not from the first rank of slaves — the table summons. CLIX. — Leuconian Bed-sluffing Is the bed-girth "^ too near the feather pillow you crush down .^ Accept fleeces shorn for Leuconian ^ cloaks. CLX. — Circensian Bed-stuffing Marsh-reed chopped up is called Circensian^ stuffing. This litter the poor man buys in lieu of Leuconian. ^ The smarter attendants often had their hair long : cj. II. Ivii. 5 ; III. Iviii. 31. ■^ c/. V. Ixii. 6. * Lenconicum was a wool much used as a stuffing: c/. xi. xxi. 8 and Ivi. 9. It came from the Leucones, a Gaulish people. * So called iifcause it was used in the circus on seats by the common people : cf. iSen. De Vit. Beat. xxv. 'J. 495 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXI.—Pluma Lassus Amyclaea poteris requiescere plunia, interior cycni quam tibi lana dedit. CLXn. — Faenum Fraudata tumeat fragilis tibi culcita mula. non venit ad duros pallida cura toros. CLXIII. — Tintinabulum Redde pilam : sonat aes tliermarum. ludere pergis ? Virgine vis sola lotus abire domum. OhXiy.— Discus Splendida cum volitant Spartani pondera disci, este procul, pueri : sit semel ille nocens. QiLXN.—Cithara Reddidit Eurydicen vati : sed perdidit ipse, dum sibi non credit nee patienter amat. CLXXl.—Idem De Pompeiano saepe est eiecta theatro quae duxit silvas detinuitque feras. ' A city of Laconia. The feathers are called Amyclaean because Jupiter appeared to Spartan Leda in the shape of a swan. ^ cf. Hor. Od. III. i. 21 for a similar idea. 496 BOOK XIV. cLxi-cLxvi CLXL— Feathers Tired you may rest on feathers of Amyclae ^ which the swan's inner down has given you. CLXIL— Hay I.ET your rustling mattress swell with thefts from your mule : pale Care comes not to hard couches. ^ CLXin.— ^ Bell Give up the ball : the bell of the warm baths is sounding. Do you go on playing .'' You want to go home after a bath in the Virgin water only.^ CLXIV.— /f Quoit While the burnished weight of the Spartan quoit is flying, keep far off, ye boys : let that quoit be guilty only once.* CLXV.— ^ Cithern It restored Eurydice to her bard ; but he him- self lost her, trusting not himself, nor loving with patience. CLXYL — The Same Often has that been driven^ from Pompey's theatre, which drew after it woods and stayed wild beasts.* * The hot baths will be full, or closed, and he will have to content himself with a cold bath from the aqua Virgo : cf. V. XI. 9. * cj. clxxiii. post. * i.e. hissed off by the audience. ' i.e. when played by Orpheus : c/. Sped. xxi. 497 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXVII.— P/ec^rwm Fervida ne trito tibi pollice pusula siirgat, exonient docilem Candida plectra lyram.^ CLXYIII.—Trochus Inducenda rota est : das nobis utile munus : iste trochus pueris at mihi canthus erit. CLXIX.— Idem Garrulus in laxo cur anulus orbe vagatur? cedat ut argutis obvia turba trochis. CLXX. — Signum Victoriae Aureum Haec illi sine sorte datur cui nomina Rhenus vera dedit. deciens adde Falerna, puer. CLXXI. — B/DovTov TTtttStov Ftctile Gloria tam parvi non est obscura sigilli : istius pueri Brutus amator erat. ^ garrula Py. ' An instrument for striking the strings. ^ Rings were often strung round tiie orbit of a boy's hoop : see a picture taken from a sepulcliral bas-relief at Tivoli reproduced in Rich's Diet. Ant. s.v. "Anuhis." How the hoop was able to run is very obscure. Perhaps loose rings were supported in position by the clavis, or hook, for trundling the hoop. Or perhaps the rings were attached to the inner circumference. 498 BOOK XIV. cLxvii-cLxxi •CLXVIL— ^ Quill for Playing the Lyre That an angry blister may not arise on your chafed thumb, let an ivory quill ^ embellish your responsive lyre. CLXVIII.— ^ Hoop The wheel must be fitted with a tyre : you give me a useful present ; this to boys will be a hoop, but to me a tyre. CLXIX.— The Same Why do noisy rings wander round the wide orbit? That the crowd that meets them may give way to tinkling hoops. ^ CLXX.— ^ Golden Statue of Victory ^ She is given without a drawn lot to him to whom Rhine has given a true victor's name. Ten times* pour Falernian, boy. CLXXI.— J Clay Image dj "Brutus' Boy" The renown of so small a statue ^ is not unknown. Of this boy was Brutus the lover. ' This, and the following, describe sigilla (statuettes), which were frequently given at the Saturnalia, i.e. on the last two days, which were called Sigillaria : cf. Aus. De Fer. Rom. v. 32 (Festa sujillorum nomine dicta colunt). * To represent the letters of Germanicus (Doniitian) : cf. XX. xciii. 7, 8. * c/. II. Ixxvii. 4 ; ix. 1. The statuette was by Stroiigylion, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.: Plin. N.H. xxxiv. 19(21). 499 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXXII. — Sauroctonos Corinthius Ad te reptantij puer insidiose, lacertae parce ; cupit digitis ilia perire tuis. CLXXIII. — Hyacinthis in Tabula Pictus Flectit ab inviso morientia lumina disco Oebalius, Phoebi culpa dolorque, puer. CLXXIV. — Hermaphrodilus Marmorevs Masculus intravit fontis : emersit utrumque :, pars est una patris, cetera matris habet. QJjXXN .—Banae Picta Cur a te pretium Danae^ regnator Olymj)!, accepitj gratis si tibi Leda dedit? CLXXVI. — Persona Germana Sum figuli lusus russi persona Batavi. quae tu derides^ haec timet ora puer. CLXXVII. — Hercules Corinthius Elidit geminos infans nee respicit anguis. iam poterat teneras hydra timere manus. ' On a replica of a work of Praxiteles representing the young Apollo with an arrow watcliing a lizard. It was called 'XavpoKTivos : cf. Plin. N.H. xxxiv. 19 (10). "^ Apollo, when playing at quoits with Hyacinthus, killed him by accident. From his blood sprang the hyacinth inscribed with the Greek alat (alas) : cf. Milton's " Sanguine flower inscribed with woe." The picture alluded to may be a copy of the one by Antidotus of the fourth century B.C., the original of which was transported to Rome by Augustu-s on the capturp of Alexandria : Plin, N.H. xxxv. 40 (28). 500 BOOK XIV. cLxxii-cLxxvii ' CLXXn. — The Lizard-slayer in Corinthian Bronse Spare the lizard, treacherous boy, as it creeps up to you ; it longs to perish by your hands.^ CLXXIII.— ^ Picture of Hyacinthus From the hated quoit he turns his dying eyes, the Oebalian boy, the reproach and sorrow of Phoebus. 2 CLXXIV. — A Marble Hermaphroditus Male, he entered the fount ; ^ he came forth both male and female : one part of him is his sire's, all else has he of his mother. CLXXV. — A Picture oj Danae Why of you, Ruler of Olympus, did Danae* receive her price, if Leda unbought was kind to you? CLXXVI.— yf Gervian Mask I AM a freak of the potter, the mask of a red- haired Batavian. This face you deride a boy dreads.^ CLXXVII. — Hercules in Corinthian Bronze The infant throttles ^ the two serpents, nor does he glance on them. Already might the hydra ^ fear youthful hands. * Salmacis : c/. vi. Ixviii. 9 ; and see Ovid, Met. iv. 285. * Possibly a copy of Artemon's picture of Danae miran- tibus earn praedonibus : cf. Plin. N.H. xxxv. 40 (32). * To him it is a bogey. ' The Goddess Hera, jealous of Alcmena the mother of Hercules, sent two serpents to kill him in his cradle : cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 289. ^ The Lernaean hydra, or water-snake, was one of the monsters slain by Hercules : cf. Sped, xxvii. 5 ; ix. ci. 9. SOI THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXXVllL— Hercules Fidilis Sum fragilis : sed tu, moneo, ne sperne sigillum : non pudet Alciden nomen habere meum. CLXXIX. — Minerva Argentea Die mihi, virgo ferox, cum sit tibi cassis et hasta, quare non habeas aegida. "Caesar habet." CLXXX.— Europe Pida MuTARi melius tauro, pater optime divum, tunc poteras, lo cum tibi vacca fuit. CLXXXI. — Leandros Marmorens Clamabat tumidis audax Leandros in undis "Mergite me, fluctus, cum rediturus ero." CLXXXIL—Sigillinn Gibberi Fidile Ebrius haec fecit terris, puto, monstra Prometheus SaturnaUcio lusit et ipse luto. * The statuette was called Hercules Fictilis : cf. Plin. N.H. XXXV. 45. It was by Turianus of Fregellae in the time of Tarquinius Priscus. * See the description of Domitian's breastplate, vii. i. and ii. ' The original was in the Porticus Pompeii, painted by Antiphilus, the rival of Apelles : Plin. N.H. xxxv. 37. * As a bull J. would have escaped the hundred eyes of Argus set to watch lo : cj. Ixxxv. 2. 502 BOOK XIV. cLXxviii-ciA'xxii CLXXVIII.— J Hercules in Clay Fragile am I, but do not you, I charge you, despise my small statue : it shames not Alcides to bear my name.^ CLXXIX. — A Minerva in Silver Tell me, gallant maid, whereas thou hast thy helm and thy spear^ why hast thou not thine aegis ? "Caesar has it." ^ CLXXX.— J Piciure of Europa'- Better, most excellent Father of the Gods, couldst thou have been changed into a bull when lo was to thee a heifer.'^ CLXXXI.— ^ Marble Leander Daring Leander cried amid the swelling waters : " Drown me, ye waves, when I am turning home."* CLXXXIL— ^ Clay Statuette of a Hunchback 'TvvAS a drunken Prometheus,^ I fancy, made for the earth this monster ; he himself, too, played viith Saturnalian clay.^ * Sped. XXV. B is on the same subject. •■ i.e. the potter: cf. Juv. iv. 133. ' Tlie original Prometheus (//we) made men out of clay ('■/. X. xxxix. 4), and had a taste for making grotesque figures. Statuettes of dwarfs and monstrosities were doubt- less often made, and given as presents at the Saturnalia, the taste for slaves of this t^'pe being common : rf. the Poly- phemus and Scylia of vii, xxxviii. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXXXIII. — Homen Batrachomachia Perlege Maeonio cantatas carmine ranas et frontem nugis solvere disce meis. CLXXXIV. — Homerus in Pugillaribus Membranis Ilias et Prianai regnis inimicus Ulixes multiplici pariter condita pelle latent. CLXXXY. — Fergili Culix AcciPE facundi Culicem, studiose, Maronis, ne nucibus positis " Arma virumque " legas. CLXXXVI. — Vergilius in Membranis QuAM brevis inmensum cepit membrana Maronem i ipsius vultus prima tabella gerit. CLXXXVII.— MevavSpov ®aU Hag primum iuvenum lascivos lusit amores ; nee Glycera pueri^ Thais amica fuit. CLXXXVIII. — Cicero in Membranis Si comes ista tibi fuerit membrana, putato carpere te longas cum Cicerone vias. ^ " If Homer can unbend, T can be excused." ^ Culex, an early poem of Vergil's. ^ With which they gambled at the Saturnalia : cf. xiv. i. 12. 504 BOOK XIV. cLxxxiii-cLxxxviii CLXXXIIL— //07ner'* " Battle of Frogs and Mice " Read through the story of the frogs sung in Homer's lay, and learn to smooth your brow by means of my trifles.^ CLXXXIV. — Homer in Parchment Handyhooks The Iliad and the tale of Ulysses, foe to Priam's realm, both lie stored in many-folded skins. Q'LXX.XY.— Virgil's Gnat Receive, studious reader, the Gnat^ of eloquent Maro ; you need not then lay aside your nuts ^ to read "Arms and the Man." CLXXXVL— Fj?p7 in Parchnent How short a parchment^ has comprised the mighty Maro ! The features of the man himself the first leaf beai-s. CLXXXVIL — The Thais of Menander With this first he lightly touched youth's wanton love, and Glycera was not the mistress of his boy- hood : 'twas Thais.^ CLXXXVIII. — Cicero in Parchment If this parchment shall be your travelling com- panion, imagine you are taking a long journey with Cicero. * Parchment being very expensive, books were often coijied in small characters : cf. cxc. ^ From this play came the line quoted by St. Paul, (pQiipovaiv fjO-q XPV<^^^ 6/j.t\iai KaKol. VOL. I!. R 5°S THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CLXXXIX.—Monobyblos Properti Cynthia, facundi carmen iuvenale Properti, accepit famam ; non minus ipsa dedit. CXC. — Titus Livius in Membranis Pellibus exiguis artatiir Livius ingens, quern mea non totum bybliotlieca capit. CXCI. — Sallustius Hic erit, ut perhibent doctorum corda virorum, primus Romana Crispus in historia. CXCII. — Ovidi Metamorphosis in Membranis Haec tibi multiplici quae structa est massa tabella, carmina Nasonis quinque deeemque gerit. QXQl\l.—Tibullus UssiT amatorem Nemesis lasciva Tibullum, in tota iuvit quern nihil esse domo. CXCIV. — Litcanus Sunt quidam qui me dicant non esse poetam : sed qui me vendit bybliopola putat. QXCN.— Catullus Tantum magna suo debet Verona Catullo, quantum parva suo Mantua Vergilio. ' 'I'he first book of Propeitius was published by him at the age of twenty. It was called Cynthia, and in some MbS. ia headed " Monobiblos." But whether M. alludes to this ia uncertain. 506 BOOK XIV. cLxxxix-cxcv CLXXXIX. — Propertius in a Single Volume Cynthia,^ the theme of eloquent Propertius' youth- ful song, won from him fame ; no less she herself bestowed. CXC. — Titus Livius in Parchment Narrowed into scanty skins is bulky Livy, the whole of whom my library does not contain.^ CXQl.—Sallust Here will be Crispus, first of Roman historians, as the judgment of learned men declares. CXCII. — Ovid's "Metamorphoses" in Parchment This bulk, that has been formed of many a leaf, contains the fifteen books of Naso's poems. CKClll.—TibuUus Wanton Nemesis ^ fired her lover Tibullus, whom it pleased to be "of no account in his own house." CXCIV.— L«ca» Some are there that say I am no poet : but the bookseller that sells me thinks I am. QXQN.— Catullus As much great Verona owes to her Catullus as small Mantua owes to her Virgil. '^ It is too small to hold Livy in his ordinary shape. L. wrote 142 books of annals. ' It was Delia of whom Tib. (r. v. 30) writes "Atjuvet in tola me nihil esse domo " Nemesis was his second love. 507 THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CXCVI. — Calvi de Aqtiae Frigidae Usu Haec tibi quae fontes et aquarum nomina dicit ipsa suas melius charta natabit aquas. CXGVU.—Mulae Pumilae His tibi de mulis non est metuenda ruina : altius in terra paene sedere soles. CXCVIII. — Catella Gallicana Delicias parvae si vis audire catellae, narranti brevis est pagiaa tota mihi. QXClX—Aslurco Hic brevis ad numeros rapidum qui colligit unguem, venit ab auriferis gentibus Astur equus. CC. — Cams Vertragus Non sibi sed domino venatur vertragus acer, inlaesum leporem qui tibi dente feret. CCI. — Palaestrita NoN amo quod vincat, sed quod succumbere novit et didieit melius rrjv iTTLKX.ivoTrdXrji'. ^ Licinius Calvns, an orator and poet of the age of Cicero. He is praised by Catullus, Propertius, and Ovid ; but M. suggests that this particular work ia fit only to be thrown away : cf. i. v. 2. ^ cf. M.'s description of Issa (i. cix.). ' cf, Non vulgaris in cursu gradus, sed mollis alterno crurum explicatu glomeratio : Plin. N.H. viii. 67. This trot or amble was taught : ibid. 508 BOOK XIV. cxcvi-cci CXCVl.—Calvus' 1 Poem on the Use of Cold Water These sheetSj that speak to you of fountains and of the names of rivers^ themselves will better swim in the waters they tell of. CXCYLl.— Dwarf Mules From these mules no fall is to be apprehended : you are used to sit almost higher on the ground. CXCVIII.— ^ Gallic Lapdog If you wish to hear the tricks of a small lapdog, for the telling a whole page of mine is too short.^ CXCIX.— ^ Jennet This little horse, that picks up its hurrying hoof in measured time,^ has come from tribes rich in gold, an Asturian steed. CC. — A Grei/hound* Not for himself, but for his master, hunts the keen greyhound, who will bring you a hare unwounded by his tooth. CCI.— ^ Wrestler 1 DO not like him because he wins, but because he knows how to yield, and has learned the better art of recovering himself.* * The word is by some translated "tumbler," a dog that inveigled game by careless gambols, or by rolling himself into a heap, and so disguising his shape. It is alluded to in Hudibras. ^ There is probably an obscene sense here : c/. Suet. Dom. 22 {assiduitatem concubiius vdut exercitationia genus dinojxilen vocabat). THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CCII. — Simius Callidus emissas eludere simius hastas, si mihi cauda foret, cercopithecus eram. CCin, — Puclla Gaditana Tam tremulum crisat, tarn blandum pruritj ut ipsuni masturbatorem fecerit Hippolytum. QGIY.—Cymbala Aera Celaenaeos lugentia Matris aniores esuriens Gallus vendcre saepe solet. CCV.— P«er SiT nobis aetate puer, non pumice, levis, propter quern placeat nulla puella mihi. CCYl.—Cestos CoLLo necte, puer, meros amores, ceston de Veneris sinu calentem. QCNll.—Idcm SuME Cytheriaco medicatum nectare ceston : ussit amatorem balteus iste lovem. ^ The cercopithecus came from Aetliiopia : Plin. N.H. viii 30. In Egypt it was a sacred animal : Juv. xv. 4. * Who rejected the advances of his stepmother, Phaedra, the wife of his father Tiioseua. BOOK XIV. ccii-ccvii CCn.— ^ Monkey A MONKEY cunning to avoid darts hurled at me, I should be a "long-tailed ape"^ had I a tail. CCIII. — A Girl from Gades Salteggia con si minuto tremito, ed eccita con tanta lusinga^ die Ippolito ^ stesso si masturberebbe. GGl\' .—Cymbals The brazen cymbals that mourn for the boy of Celaenae,^ the darling of the Great Mother, her priest is often wont to sell when hungry. CCV.— ^ Young Slave May I have a boy with a cheek smooth with youth, not with pumice, for whose sake no maid would please me. CCVL— ^ Cestus Round thy neck twine, boy, love's very essence,* a cestus ^ warm from the bosom of Venus. QCNll.—The Same Take thou the cestus imbued with Cytherea's nectar : this girdle fired ^ the lover Jove. ' Attis, the love of Cybele : c/. ii. Ixxxvi. 4. * A phrase from Catullus xiii. 9. * c/. VI. xiii. 5. ' Hera borrowed from Aphrodite lier cestus to inflame the anlour of Zeus : Hom. //. xiv. 214, 312. 5" THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CCYIIL—Notarius Currant verba licet, manus est velocior illis : nondum lingua suum, dextra peregit opus. CCIX.— Concha Levis ab aequorea cortex Mareotica concha fiat : inoffensa curret harundo via. CCX.— Mono NoN mendax stupor est nee fingitur arte dolosa. quisquis plus iusto non sapit, ille sapit. CCXL — Caput Vervecinum MoLLiA Phrixei secuisti colla mariti. hoc meruit, tunicam qui tibi, saeve, dedit ? CQXll.—Pumilut Si solum spectes hominis caput, Hectora credas : si stantem videas, Astyanacta putes. CCXIIL— Pcrm« Haec, quae saepe solet vinci, quae vincere raro, parma tibi, scutum pumilionis erit. ^ This epigram explains the small price at which M.'s poems could be sold by Tryphon : c/. xiii. iii. 2. A number of slaves as shorthand writers could copy books cheaply. "^ Papyrus, Mareotis being a part of Egypt. Pliny (N.H. xiii. 25) says that papyrus was smoothed by an instrument or by a shell, but that the writing fades. ^ cf. VI. xxxix. ; VIII. xiii. ; xii. xciii. * The ram with the golden fleece that carried Phryxua BOOK XIV. ccviii-ccxiii CCVIII.— ^ Shorthand Writer Albeit the words speedy the hand is swifter than they : not yet has the tongue, the hand has finished its work.^ CCIX.— ^ Sea-shell Let the rind of the Mareotic rush ^ be made smooth by the sea-shell : the reed-pen will run on an unimpeded path. GCX.—A Natural^ His dulness is not assumed, or pretended by crafty art. He that has wits no more than is enough has his wits. CCXI.— ^ Rams Head You have cut the soft throat of the lord of the flock, a ram of Phryxus ; * did he deserve this who gave you, cruel man, your tunic ^ CCXIL— ^ Dwarj If you regard the man's head alone you would believe him Hector; if you saw him standing you would deem him Astyanax.^ CCXIIL— ^ Small Shield This, which is wont oft to be overcome, rarely to win,^ will be to you a small buckler, but a dwarf's great shield. and Helle through the air, and whose fleece was afterwards carried off by the ArgoTiauts from Colchis: c/. vi. iii. 0; VIII. li. 9. ' The young son of Hector : cf. vai. vi. 16. « Domitian favoured the scutarii, gladiators who fought with the ordinary large oblong shield, as against the gladia- tors called "Thracians," who wore a, smaller shield of a round shape : c/. IX. Ixviii. 8. THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CCXIV.— Cowoerfj Pmri NoN erit in turba quisquam Mto-ou/xcios ista : sed poterit quivis esse Ais e^aTrarwv. CCXV.— Fifiw/a Die mihi simpliciter, comoedis et citharoedis, fibula, quid praestas? "Carius ut futuant." CCXVI.—/f cdpier Pkaedo fuit volucrum : famulus nunc aucupis idem deicit et captas non sibi maeret aves. CCXVII.— 0;;50wa<or Die quotas et quanti cupias cenare, nee unum addideris verbum : cena parata tibi est. CCXVIIL— ^wc^ps Non tantum calamis sed cantu fallitur ales, callida dum tacita crescit harundo manu. CCXIX.— Cor Bubulum Pauper causidicus nullos referentia nummos carmina cum scribas, accipe cor, quod habes. ^ The two mentioned are comedies of Menander. In the latter occurs the celebrated line hv ol 6eot <pt\ov(Tiv airo6vf]c7K(i vc-os. * cj. VTi. Ixxxii. 1, 2. * The removal of the clasp has to be paid for : cf. Solvitur his magno comoedi fibula (Juv. vi. T^). * Birds are caught not only by a limed cane but also by an imitation of their note, or by the note of a decoy bird, As 5M BOOK XIV. ccxiv-ccxix CCXIV. — Boy Comic Actors In all tins troupe will be no one "Tlie Hated"; [but any one of them can be "The Double Deceiver." ^ CCXV.— ^ Singers Clasp Tell me candidly, O clasp, what do you guarantee to comedians and harp-players } ^ " The greater value of their favours."^ CCXVL— J Hawk He preyed once upon birds ; the servant of the fowler now, he strikes them down, and is sad the birds are not taken for his own behoof. CCXVIL— /f Caterer Say with how many and at what cost you want to dine, and do not add another word : your dinner is ready for you. CGXNlll.— Bird-catching Rods Not only by canes, but by a bird's note also is the bird deceived while the cunning reed is being lengthened by the noiseless hand.* CCXIX.— ^ Bullock's Pluck Seeing that you, a poor lawyer, write poems thai do not bring you in a penny, take from me pluck like your own.^ to the cane, cj. ix. liv. 3 ; and, as to the decoy, see the engraved gem in Rich's Diet. Avtiq. s.v. "Arundo." ^ Tiieie is a play on two meanings of the word cor, viz. "heart" and "sense": cJ. VI. Ixiv. 18. " Pluck " is a butcher's name for the heart, liver and lightg of an animal : see Skeat's Etym. Diet, s.v, ; and also means " courage." THE EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL CCXX.—COCUS NoN satis est ars sola coco : servire palatum nolo : cocus domini debet habere gulam. CCXXI. — Craticula cum Verubus Rara tibi curva craticula sudet ofella ; spumeus in longa cuspide fumet aper. CCXXIL— BV/or Dulciarius MiLLE tibi dulces operum manus ista figuras extruet : huic uni parca laborat apis. CGXXlll.—Adipata SuRGiTE : iam vendit pueris ientacula pistor cristataeque sonant undique lucis aves. INCERTAE SEDIS EPIGRAMMA .Flavia gens, quantum tibi tertius abstulit lieres ! paene fuit tanti non habuisse duos. Hoc epigramtna extat apud scholiastam in luvenalera S. iv, 38. Vulgo in fine libri spectaculorum legitur, libro xi. adsignatur a Friedl. 516 BOOK XIV. ccxx-ccxxiii CCXX.— ^ Cook Insufficient is his art alone for a cook : I would not have his palate that of a slave ; a cook ought to possess the taste of his master. CCXXI. — A Gridiron with Spits Let your grated gridiron be unctuous with the rounded cutlet; on the long pointed spit let a foaming boar smoke. CCXXIL— r^e Confectioner A THOUSAND toothsome shapes of handiwork that hand will construct for you ; for him alone labours the frugal bee. QCXKlll.—Rich Dainties Get up : already the baker is sellino- to boys their breakfast, and the crested fowls of dawn are crowing on all sides. AN EPIGRAM OF UNCERTAIN POSITION O Flavian family, of how much glory has thy third heir robbed thee ! Well nigh had it stood us in stead not to have possessed the twain ! ^ ^ These lines (which are amplified by Ausonius, Caes. xii.) mean that Domitian was eo evil that it had been better for Rome not to have had Flavian Emperors at all, even good ones like Vespasian and Titus. 517 1 EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL EPIGRAMMATA QUAEDAM M. VAL. MARTIALI AFFICTA I. — De Rusticatione RuRE morans quid agam, respondeo pauca, rogatus. luce deos oro ; famulos, post arva revise, partibus atque meis iustos indico labores. inde lego, Phoebumque cio, Musamque lacesso. hinc oleo corpusque frico mollique palaestra stringo libens, animo gaudens, ac foenore liber, prandeo, poto, cano, ludo, lavo, coeno, quiesco. dum parvus lychnus modicum consumat olivi, haec dat nocturnis nox lucubrata Camoenis, II. — In Varum Ad coenam nuper Varus me forte vocavit : ornatus dives, parvula coena fuit. auro, non dapibus, oneratur mensa : ministri apponunt oculis plurima, pauca gulae. tunc ego, "Non oculos, sed ventrem, pascere veni : 5 aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer opes." ^ These are partly gathered from MSS. and old glossaries, partly embodied in his works by Hadrianus Junius and others. Hadr. Jun. (Adrien de Jonghe, 1512-1575) was a Dutch physician and savant, one of the most learned men of the 520 EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL 1 I. — Life in the Country As you ask me what I do wliile staying in the country I reply shortly. At daybreak I pray to the gods ; I visit my servants and afterwards my fields, and to my staff I assign their proper tasks. Then I read and call on Phoebus, and challenge the Muses. After this I rub my body with oil, and with mild gymnastics gladly brace myself, happy in my mind and free from moneylenders. I lunch, drink, sing, play, bathe, dine, go to bed. Provided my small lamp consume but little oil, such lucubrations as these night furnishes to the nocturnal Muses. 1 1. — Against Varus Varus happened to invite me lately to dinner : his appointments were rich, his dinner was scanty. The table is loaded with gold plate, not with meats ; the attendants set before us much to please the eye, little to tickle the palate. Then I said : " I did not come to stuff my eyes, but my stomach ; either provide your provender. Varus, or remove your property." age. Among his works were commentaries on Plautus, Horace, Petronius, Seneca, and Martial ; and a Philippid, or Epithn/amium on the marriage of I'hilip and Maiy. He was the Rector of the College of Harlem, and his Hbrary was pillaged by the Spaniards, EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL III. — In Ponlicnm PoNTicE, pejr reges discurris, et omnia lustras : magna quidem sequeris, Pontice : magnus homo es. Pontice, si qua facis, sine teste facis, sine turba ; non adhibes multos, Pontice : cautus homo es. Pontice, te celebrem forma natura creavit : 5 dignus eras Helena, Pontice : pulcher homo es. Pontice, voce tua posses adamanta movere : vox tua dulce sonat, Pontice : dulcis homo es. Pontice, sic alios, sic te quoque decipit error : vis dicam verum, Pontice .'' Nullus homo es. 10 IV.— De Feiula Tacta places, audita places : si non videare, tota places : neutro, si videare, places. V. — De Milone MiLO domi non est : peregre Milone profecto arva vacant : uxor non minus inde parit. cur sit ager sterilis, cur uxor fertilis, edam : quo fodiatur ager non habet, uxor habet. VI. — De Histrionis Poena Ante lovis statuam crepuit satur histrio : poenam luppiter indixitj vivere de proprio. 522 III-VI III. — Aminst Ponlicus PoNTicus, you run about among great lords, and have an eye for everything going ; you pursue, in- deed, great things, Ponticus ; you are a great man. Ponticus, if you do anything, you do it without a witness, without a crowd round you ; you don't make confidants of many, Ponticus ; you are a cautious man. Ponticus, nature has fashioned you of remark- able beauty ; you would have been worthy of Helen, Ponticus ; you are a handsome man. Ponticus, with that voice of yours you might stir adamant ; your voice is sweet-toned, Ponticus ; you are a sweet man. Ponticus, this error deceives you too as it does other men. Would you have me tell you the truth, i'onticus.'' You are not a man at all. IV. — On mi Old Woman To the touch you are pleasing, listened to you are pleasing ; if you are not seen, you are wholly pleasing; in neither way if you are seen are you pleasing. Y.—On Mib MiLO is not at home ; Milo has gone abroad, and his fields are neglected; yet his wife is no less fruitful since. Why his land is sterile, why his wife is fertile, I will declare: his land has no cultivator, his wife has. VI. — On an Actor's Punishment A FULL-FED actor broke wind before Jove's statue. Jupiter declared the penalty, to live at his ov»n expense.^ ^ XII. l.xxvii. is an epigram on the same subject. EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL VII. — In Effrontem Os atavi, patris nasum, duo lumina patris, et matris gestus dicis habere tuae. cum referas priscos, nullamque in corpore partem mentiris ; frontem, die mihi, cuius habes ? Nlll.—Ad Mattum Qui negat esse domi se, tunc cum limina pulsas^ quid dicat, nescis ? Dormio, Matte, tibi. IX. — Ad Milonem TuRA, piper, vestes, argentum, pallia, gemmas, vendere, Milo, soles ; cum quibus emtor abit. coniugis utilior merx est : quae vendita saepe, vendentem nunquam deserit aut minuit. Nec volo me summis fortuna nee applicet imis, sed medium vitae temperet ilia gradum. invidia excelsos, inopes iniuria vexat : quam felix vivit, quisquis utroque caret ! ' i.e. whose " cheek " ? The forehead was the seat of shame : cf. Pers. v. 103 {frontem perisse de rehis) and Shak. i?. and J, III. ii. 91, " upon his brow Shame is ashamed to sit." VII-X VII. — Against a Shameless Person You say you have your fourth grandfather's mouth, your father's nose, both your fathei-'s eyes, and your mother's carriage. Since you recall your ancestors — and do not describe incorrectly any part of your body — tell me, whose forehead ^ have you ? VIII — ro Mattus Don't you know what he says who denies himself just when you knock at his door? "To you, Mattus, I am asleep." 2 IX.— To Milo Frankincense, pepper,garments, silver plate, cloaks, jewels you are accustomed to sell, Milo, and the buyer goes off with them. Your wife is as merchandise more useful to you : she, though often sold, never leaves the seller or diminishes his estate. X. — On a Middle Station I WOULD not have Fortune set me in the highest or in the lowest place ; rather let her moderation gi*ant life's middle station. Envy assails the high, wrong the weak : how happy does he live who escapes both ! "^ An allusion to the proverb " Non omnibus dormio," said of those that are willing to be blind to the doings of some others, but not of everybody : Fest. xii. 487 ; Oio. Ep. vii. 24. Erasmus {Adag. a.v.) tells the story of one Galba, who pre- tended to sleep while Maecenas toyed with his wife, but woke up when a slave began to steal his wine. EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL XI. — Ad Scaevolam ScAEVoLA, tu coenas apud omnes, nullus apud te : alterius siccas pocula, nemo tua. aut tu redde vices, aut desine velle vocari : dedecus est semper sumere, nilque dare. XII. — Ad Auctum RxiGis a nobis, quem nulli solvis, amorem : quam nulli praestas, exigis, Aucte, fidem. exigis a nobis, quem non merenris, honorem : mirum est, quod non das, id tibi velle dari. XIII.— /> Filo Pallia Filus habet, digitos circumligat auro : sed tamen est Filus paupere pauperior. sunt Tyriae clilamj'des, mille instrumenta, clientes Filo : sed tanien est paupere pauperior. atria sunt Filo re:;^ali consita cultu : 5 sed tamen est Filus paupere pauperior. esurit atque sitit, gemmis instructus et auro ; Cyclade vestitus esurit atque sitit. pondus adesse famis, pdlor maciesque loquuntur : aurea bulla negat pondus adesse famis. 10 ergo miser se servitio pro pane locabit : sed ne sit servus aurea bulla faeit. si vero quenquam pulsabit supplice voto, ut non exoret, serica vestis adest. ^ cf. III. xxvii. ^ ''J'lie epigram is on a miserly rich man. ' Tlie bulla was an ornament in the shape of a heart worn by chihlren up to tlie age of seveuLeen, and then consecrated 526 XI-XIII XI. — To Scaevola ScAKVOLA, you dine with everybody, no one with you ; another man's cups you drain, no one drains yours. Either make return, or give over looking for invitations : it is a disgrace always to take and give nothing.^ XIl.— ro Atidus You claim from us what you pay to no one, love ; what you accord to no man you claim, Auctus, trust. You claim from us what you don't deserve, honour; it is wonderful that what you don't give you expect to be given you. XIIL— 0« Filus FiLus possesses cloaks, he surrounds his fingers with gold, but yet Filus is poorer than the poor.^ Filus has Tyrian mantles, a thousand appointments, clients, but yet he is poorer than the poor. Filus has a hall furnished in royal style, but yet Filus is poorer than the poor. He hungers and thirsts while he is arrayed in jewels and gold ; though he is clad in an embroidered robe he hungers and thirsts. His pallor and emaciation bespeak a load of hunger ; his gold brooch says there is no load of hunger. The wretched man will then hire himself out in slavery for bread, but his gold amulet prevents him being a slave. 3 If, indeed, he assails any man with suppliant prayers, his silken garb is at hand to prevent him to the Lares, or Household Gods. It was gold in the case of children of free birth, leather in the case of children of freed- men. It enclosed an amulet (a phailus) against the evil ej-e ; hence it was worn by a victorious general during a triumph : Macrob Sat. i. G. EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL ergo ne pereat, fiat de divite pauper: 15 pauper euim factus ditior esse potest. Xn.—Ad Aulu m NoN sanguis, non oris honor, non gloria census, non gravitas morum proderit, Aule, tibi. pauper enim tu semper eris, quia pauper es : et te coUigit ulterior olteriore gradus. . XV. — Ad Regulum Praedicat Hermagoras, non omnibus esse placendum. elige de multis, Regule, cui placeas. XVI. — Ad Aulicum MuLTA mihi donas, vereor ne multa requiras. nolo mihi dones, Aulice, si repetas. XVII. — Ad Gennanicum ExALTAS in lite tuam, Germanice, voccm, ut furias mentis vox furiosa sonet. XVin.— ^d Bassum Omnis amicus amat, sed non qui amat omnis amicus : sed quern, Basse, tu ames, esto et amicus ei. ^ V. Ixxxi. has a similar sentiment. ^ A Greek rhetorician who cauie to Rome in the time of Augustus, 528 XIII-XVIII prevailing. So, that he may not perish, let him from rich become poor; for a man become poor may acquire riches. XIV.— To Auks Not blood, not beauty of face, not proud estate, not weight of character will avail you, Aulus. For you will be always poor because you are poor : ^ and a grade lower than the lowest includes you. XY.—To Regulus Hermagoras^ preaches that one need not please everybody. Choose, Regulus,^ some one out of many to please. XVI.— To Aulicus You make me many presents: I am afraid you will require many in return. I don't want you, Aulicus, to give me anything if you claim an equivalent. XVII. — To Qermanicus You raise your voice, Germanicus, in court that a furious voice may echo to the fury of your mind. XVIIL— ro Bassus Every friend loves, but not every man who loves is a friend : but do you, Bassus, be also a friend to the man you love. * An eminent advocate, many times alluded to by Martial, but in more complimentary terms : c/. iv. xvi. 6. 1 EPIGRAMS ASCRIBED TO MARTIAL XIX. — In Turgidum In noctem prandes, in noctem, Turgide, coenas, multimodoque mades nocte dieque mero. cumque cuti studeas, uxorem ducere non vis : cum noliSj dicis^ V^ita pudica placet. Turgide, mentiris. Non est liaec vita pTidicu. vis dicam, quae sit vita pudica ? Modus. XX.— In Chloen Lascivo Ganymede cales : te quilibet intrat : Hippolytos eiiam reddis amove graves. plurimus interea tibi limen servat adulter : exposita es cuivis : quam populare sapis ! Demophilem cuperem te dicere, te nisi mater esse Chloen vellet. Non sapit atque sapit. XXI. — In Ldide. ?n FoRMOsissiMA Lai feminaruni, dum noctis pretium tibi requiro, magnum continuo petis talentum : tanti non emo, Lai, poenitere. XXII. — In Macrinnm Defungi fungis homines, Macrine, negabas : boleti leti causa fuere tui. ^ c/. viii. xlvi. 2. ^ i.e. loved by the people. ^ Tlie point of the epigram is very olisoiire. * The Attic talent of 60 minae of silver, about £240. 530 XIX-XXII XTX. — Against Turgidus Till nightfall you lunch, till nightfall, Turgidus, you dine, and with all sorts of wine day and night you reek. And, although you are careful of your person, you are unwilling to take a wife ; your un- willingness says : "A chaste life pleases me." Tur- gidus, you lie ; this is not a chaste life. Would you have me tell you what is a chaste life .'' Moderation. XX. — Against Chloe You are hot for a wanton Ganymede; you are every man's goods ; even Hippolytuses ^ you make heavy with lust. In the meantime many an adulterer hangs about your threshold ; you are exposed for sale to anyone : how popular is your taste ! I should have wished to have called you Demophile,'^ had not your mother wished you should be Chloe : she is unwise and wise.^ XXI. — Against Lais Lais, most beautiful of women, when I ask you what is the price of your favours, you at once require a great* talent. At such a cost, Lais, I do not buy repentance.^ XXII. — Against Macrinus You used to deny, Macrinus, that men could be- come defunct through funguses : mushrooms made room for you?' heirs ! *' * This is tho answer said to have been made by Demos- thenes to Lais, the Corinthian courtesan : Gell. i. 8. Perhaps the epigram is put in the mouth of 1). " 'J'he pun on led and boleti can only be paraplirascd. 531 I' INDEXES INDEX OF PROPER NAMES Apichis, M. Oabius, a noted gourmand of the time of Tiberius. According to Seneca (Ad Helv. X.) after spendins in gluttony one tiundred million sesterces (£800,000), he found himself op- pressed by debt, looked into his accounts, and, discovering he had remaining only ten millions committed suicide. Martial alludes to this (in. xxii.), giving the sums as sixty millions and ten respectively. Pliny (N.H. ix. 30) speaks of him as ad omne luxus inijenium mirus, and (.N.H. X. 68) calls him nepotum omnium allissimus gurges. Athenaeus (1. 12) tells how that, hearing lobsters were very large in Libya, he set off at once, but finding from samples that they were of ordinary size, he returned with- out landing Apollinaris, Domiiius, a learned friend of M. and a favourable critic of his epigrams (iv. Ixxvi ; vn. xxvi.). M. (X. XXX.) describes his villa at Formiae. He is perhaps the A. alluded to by Pliny (Ep. ix. 13) as consul designatus in A.D. 97 Auctus, Pomponius, a learned lawyer, and admirer of Martial, whose works ho knew by heart, vn. 11. Avittis, Stertinius, Consul A.D. 92. He placed a bust of M. in his library, of which M. writes (IX. hitrod. Ep.) the inscription. M. addresses to him an epigram (X. xcvi.) on the charms of country life in Spain Baetis, the Guadalquivir, the prin- cipal river tn Hispania Baetica, according to Pliny (ill. 3) the most fertile province in Spain. It flows past Corduba and Hispalis (Cordova and Seville) and falls into the Atlantic N. of Gailos (Cadiz). The district was renowned for olives (.xil. Ixiii. 2 ; XII. xcviii. 1), which Martial thinks superior to those of Venafrum : vn. xxviii. 3 ; and Stutius to Attic, Silv. II. vii. 29 ; whereas Pliny (xv. 3) thinks the olives of Venafrum superior to those of Baetica and Istria. The province of Baetica was also celebrated for its wool, to which the waters of the Baetis gave a golden hue, often alluded to by Martial BUbilis, the second city of Hispania TarraconensLs, on the high road between Emerita and Caesar Augusta (Merida and Saragossa). Was a mimicipium in Imperial times. It stood on a rocky height surrounded by the Salo, a river famed for tempering iron. Its site is at or near Bambola, near Calatayud, a Moorish City built by Ayub, the nephew of Musa, the Governor of N.W. Africa at the time of the Arab invasion, who used the remains of Bilbilis as a quarry. Bilbilis was also the scene of a battle between A. Metellus and the insurgent Sertorius in B.C. 74 Caslri4MS, some friend of Martial, who is addressed in several 535 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES epigrams. It would appear from VII. xlil. that he was a pnet Cerialis, a friend of Martial, whom tlie poet invites to dinner in two epigrams, X. xlviii. and XI. lii. He was a poet and imitator of Virgil, and wrote bucolics and a poem on the war of the Giants, XI. lii. 17, 18. Pliny (Ep. u. 19) addresses one of his letters to him Claudia Rufina, a lady of British birth, whose refinement Martial praises as equal to that of a Roman or a Greek, xi. liii. She may be the same as the Claudia that married Pudens, whose marriage the poet celebrates, IV. xiii. Crispinus, a low upstart who came fpom Egypt and hawked salt fish in Rome, Juv. iv. 33. He was raised to the Senate by Nero, and was made a knight by Domitian. Juvenal calls him (i. 26) vcrna Canopi, and (iv. 31) purpureas scurra Palati ; and speaks of him as malulino sudans amomo, iv. 103. He was com- mander of the Emperor's body- guard (praefectus praetorio), an office sunimus equester gradus : Suet. Qalb. 14. Martial alludes to him in two epigrams, VII. xcix. and VIII. xlviii. Decianus, of Emerita, another friend of Martial. He was a Stoic, and is praised for not following the example of suicide, I. viii. His literary works conferred distinction on his birthplace, I. Ixi. 10. Martial speaks of his learning, sim- plicity, and rectitude, I. xxxix. ; and addresses to him the Intro- ductory Epistle of his second book. In II. V. he is rallied on the distance M. has to go to call on liim, and the difiiculty of finding liim at home Earinos, the page of Domitian, on whose name M. plays in three epigrams, ix. xi.-xlii. ; and whose dedication of his hair to Aesculapius M. celebrates, ix. xvi. and xvii. ; see also ix. xxxvi. 3. Statins (Silv. in. iv.) has a long poem on the latter subject Entellus, a freedman, Domitian's secretary a libellis (petitions). Was privy (with Parthenius) to the Emperor's assassination. M. praises his greenhouses, vni. Ixviii. Erotion, a little slave girl, whose death M. laments in three of his finest epigrams, v. xxxiv. and xxxvii. ; x. 1x1. But in the second epigram mentioned the harmony of the poem is somewhat spoilt by the sarcastic touch at the end Etruscus, Claudius, father and son. Tlie father came originally as a slave from Smyrna, and was emancipated by Tiberius, in whose household he was. He was successively in the service of Caligula, Claudius, Nero, and Domitian, being under Nero the head of the Jmperial treasury. By Domitian he was banished to Campania : Stat. Silv. ill. iii. 164, who describes him as hospes, non exul. He married a rich wife, and lived to a great age. His son accompanied his father into exile. M. has epi- grams on the father's exile and recall, VI. Ixxxiii. ; and on his death, vii. xi. ; and on the son's baths, VI. xlii., which are also eulogised by Statins (Silv. i. V.) who al30 writes a lament on the father's death, Silv. in. iii. Faust inus, Julius, a friend fre- quently addressed, and a poet whom M. (I. xxv.) advises to pubHsh, and to whom (in. ii. 6) he sends his third book, and (IV. X.) his fourth. He had villas at Anxur (x. li.), Tibur (IV. Ivii.) and Baiae, the latter of which M. (III. Iviii.) elaborately describes. M. appeals to him (vu. xii.) on the question of the unmalicious 536 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES I character of his epigrams. Nothing more is known of hira Festus, a friend of the Emperor, who died of a cancer in the face, 1. Ixxviii. If lie be tlie same as the Valerius Festus, spoken of by Pliny {Ep. iii. 7) as guilty per summum facinus of the murder in A.D. 69 of Piso the proconsul of Africa (see Tac. Hist. iv. 49) M. is hardly justified in speaking of his indignas fauces and via ora. Tacitus, supra, describes him as sumptuosae adulescentiae, neque modica cupiens Flaccus, a native of Patavium, is addressed by Martial in mafiy epigrams ; he is a guest in X. xlviii., and in xii. Ixxiv. Martial makes hira a present of " dreadnought " glass. He appears to have been a poet, I. Ixi. and Ixxvi. Some commen- tators, on the strength of the two epigrams mentioned, have identilied him with Valerius Flaccus, the epic poet of tiie Argonautica. But it is not certain that Valerius Flaccus was born at Patavium ; Setia in Campania contends for the honour of being his birthplace, and the Vatican MS. has appended the words " Setinus Balbus." And Quin- tilian says (x. i. 90) multum in Valeria Flacco nuper amisimus ; consequently V. Flaccus must have died before A.D. 90 or 91, the probable date of Quintilian'a great work, in which case none of Martial's last six books, at least can refer to him. The notes to IX. Iv. 2 and xi. Ixxx. 3 should be corrected. It is noticeal)le also that Martial never refers — as might have been expected- — to the Argonaulira, as he does to the Punica of Silius. 'rontinus, Sexlus Julius, succeeded Petilius Cerealis, and was suc- ceeded l)y Agrifola, as Governor of Britain. Tacitus (Ag. 17) describes him as " a great man so far as he was permitted to MART. U. bo," i.e. by the Emperor's jealousy. He subdued the powerful and warlike Silures in South Wales in spite of the dilKculties of the country (Tac. supra). In A.D. 97 he was curator aquarum, and in 98 Consul (according to M.) for the second time ; but his name does not appear in the Fasti (Hotfm. Lex. Univ.). He had been Praetor Urbanus in 70 (Tac. Hist. iv. 39), an olhce lie resigned to Domitian, not tlien Emperor. He wrote a treatise on- the art of war called Strategemala, and a work on the Roman aqueducts, both of which are extant. He died in 100, saying in his will inipensa monumenti super vacua est ; me- moria nostri durabit si vita meruimus Fronto, described by M. (I. Iv.) as a distinguished lawyer and soldier. Perhaps the same as T. Catius Fronto, consul in 96, and alluded to by Pliny (Ep. iv. 9 and vi. 13)- as an orator Fusctis, apparently a lawyer of some emmence and wealth whom Martial (vii. xxviii) begs to read and criticise his seventh book. He is not the Cornelius Fuscus who fell in the Dacian war, VI. Ixxvi ; and perliaps not the Fuscus whom M. courts in I. liv. lanlhis, or Vlolentilla, the wife of Stella the poet. Martial (VI. xxi.) as well as Statins (Silv. I. ii.) celebrates her marriage. The name is taken from lov, the Greek form of viola. Statins calls her Asteris Latinus, a celebrated mime, or comic actor. He was a favourite of Domitian, and a delalor, Schol on Juv. iv. .53. Martial writes an epigram (ix. xxviii). on his portrait. Suetonius {l)om. 15) tells a story how Latinus, when dining with Domitian before the murder of the latter, had disturbed the Emperor, who had been alarmed by various s 537 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES ominous occurrences, by report- ing the fullilinent of a prophecy by Ascletarion, the astrologer, of the manner of his own death, i.e., being torn by dogs, whereas Domitian to prevent this had commanded him to be buried. Licinianus was born like Martial at Bilbilis. He is spoken of highly by the poet as bringing glory to Spain, I. xlix and I. Ixi. He is perhaps the Lucius mentioned in IV. Iv. The epigram i. xlix. seems to show he was a lawyer. Licinus, was originally a Gaulish prisoner taken by Julius Caesar, who gave him his freedom, and made him his steward. Augustus appointed him, in B.C. 15, Governor of Gaul. By extortion during his government he acquired enormous wealth ; and Juvenal (i. 109) couples him with Claudius" freedman Pallas as the typical rich man. The magnificence of his tomb on the Via Salaria (as of that of Messalla) was proverbial, VIII. ill. 5, 6 Liicanus, Cn. Domitius Curvius, the brother of Cn. Domitius Tullus. The two brothers were types of fraternal affection, I. xxxvi., and V. xxviii. 3, and Martial (IX. 11.) compares them to Castor and Pollux. He died before his brother, after having held high ofBce under Nero and Domitian. Both are alluded to by Pliny, Ep. viii. 18 Luca7ius, M. Annaeus, the poet of the Pharsalia, was the son of Lucius Annaeus Mela, the geo- grapher, and the nephew of Seneca, the philosopher, and was born at Corduba in Spain. At first he was in favour with Nero, but afterwards, from the Em- peror's jealousy of his literary ability, fell into disfavour, and was forbidden to recite in public. From pique he joined the Pisonian conspiracy of a.d. 65, and was olieied a pardon if he would betray hia fellow-con- spirators. He denounced his own mother Atilla. But this did not save him, for he was forced by Nero to commit suicide by opening his veins in a bath : Tac. An. xv. 70. Martial, who regarded him as next to Virgil, laments his death in three epigrams, vii. xxi-xxiii. ; as also does Statins, Silv. II. vii. His first work was on the death of Hector and Priam's recovery of the body, Stat. Silv. 11. vii. , 54 ; and his last the Pharsalia ; but, according to Martial (x. Ixiv.) he did not confine himself | to gr^ve subjects. Juvenal (vii. 79) says he was a rich man ; and Tacitus (Ann. xvi. 17) that i Nero was greedy for his wealth Macer, a friend of Martial, and at one time curator of the Appian Way (X. xvii.), and afterwards propraetor of Dalmatia (x. Ixxviii.). Martial in two epi- grams (V. xxviii. 5, and x. Ixxviii. 2) speaks of his honesty and uprightness. He is probably not the Macer who was Governor of Baetica (XII. xcviii.) MarceUa, a Spanish lady from Bilbilis, to whom M. addresses two epigrams, in one (XII. xxi.) praising her mind as truly Roman, and in the other (xil. xxxi.) acknowledging the gift of the country house she gave him when he returned to Spain. Some have supposed she was his wife Marcellinus served in the Sarmatlan campaign, VI. xxv., vil. Ixxx ; and in the Caucasus, IX. xlv. Martial sends him his seventh book, VII. Ixxx. ; and writes on his father's birthday. III. vi. He also warns him against over- rash valour : he should consider his father, as well as his Em- peror, VI. xxv. That father is supposed to have been Faustinus. Marcellinus himself is called boni suboles sincera parentis, VI. xxv. INDEX OF PROPER NAMES Marsus, Domitius, a poet of the Augustan age, frequently nien- tioned by Martial, together with Pedo and Catullus, with whom he compares liimself, v. v. 6 ; vii. xclx. 7. He wTote epics. Ov. Ex. P. IV. xvi. 5 ; and Martial alludes to an Amazonis (IV. xxix. 8) which, however, he regards as inferior to the satires of Persius. Marsus is cliiefly distin<?uislied for his epigrams, which were licentious and biting, one of his books being called cicuta (hemlock). An epi- taph of his on Xibullus is extant Martialis, Julius, a friend for 33 years of the poet, by whom he is addressed in some of the finest epigrams, I. xv. ; v. xx., x. xlvii, and XII. xxxiv. Martial also describes his villa on the Janiculum, IV. Ixiv ; and his library, vii. xvii. Paley identi- fies him with the Julius Martialis mentioned by Tacitus (Hist. 1. 28 and 82) as tribunus legionis, when Otho was aspiring to the purple, and as being suspected of complicity with the plot. He appears to have been a good critic, VI. i ; and Martial sends him his sixth book, ibid. ; and he is probably also the Martialis to whom is sent the third book from Forum Cornelii, in. v. Maternus, a jurisconsult, whom Martial describes as a fellow- townsman of Bilbilis, and an old friend, x. xxxvii. 1, 3. In the same epigram M. compares the charm of life in Spain with life in a Roman villa Melior, Atediiis, a bon vivant of the time, called nilidus, IV. liv. 8. Martial praises him (vill. xxxviii) for his liberality to the Guild of Scribes in memory of his friend Blaesus ; and both Martial (VI. xxviii and xxix), and Statins (Silv. Ii. i.) have written on the death of his freedman Glaucias Messalla Corvinus, M. Valerius, the friend of Horace and patron of Tibullus. Was Consul B.C. 31 and Praefectus Urbi in 27. He was a patron of learning and the arts, and was himself a poet, a grammarian, historian, and orator. He took the side of Brutus and Cassius in the civil war, but was afterwards recon- ciled to Augustus. His tomb (alluded to by Martial, viii. iii. 5 and X. 11. 9) was, like that of Licinus, celebrated for its splen- dour Nomentum, now La Mentana, a town in the Sabine Country, 14i Roman miles N.E. of Rome. Originally a Latin town, a colony from Alba, It was taken by Tarquinius Prisons, the fifth king of Rome. Martial, and also Seneca, had a house here, VI. xliii. 4, IX. xviii. 2 ; and here M. retired when he wanted quiet, XII. Ivii. 27. Nomentum was celebrated for its wine, which, when it was old, M. praises, I. cv., and offers to his guests in X. xlviii. 19 ; but the poet in other respects depreciates his property, X. xciv. His fields, he says (vii. xxxi. 8) " produced nothing but himself " Ovidius, Q., Martial's friend and neighbour at Nomentum. He had accompanied Caesonius Maximus into exile when the former was banished by Nero, for which Martial (vii. xliv. and .\lv.) praises him. In his old age he accompanied a friend to Britain, apparently in fulfilment of a promise, or from affection, X. xliv. Martial writes two epi- grams (IX. Hi. and liii) on his birthday Paris, a mime or comic actor, for whom Martial writes an epitaph (XI. xiii). lie liad great inlluence at Court, and was the darling of the Roman people. Domitian, on suspicion of hia Intrigue with 539 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES the Empress Domitia, caused him to be murdered on the Flaminian Way Parthenius, a freedman, and Secre- tary or chamberlain to Domitian. Though lie had been privy to tlie murder of that Emperor, the mildness of Nerva retained him for a time in his place, but was unable to protect him against the infuriated praetorians who put him to death with nameless indignities in a.d. 97. He seems to have been something of a poet, XI. i. 6; XII. xi. 2, and is con- stantly flattered by Martial, to whom he gave the celebrated toga described in viii. xxviii. Paul'is, some rich acquaintance of Martial, apparently a lawyer, VII. Ixxii. Martial quizzes him on the tenuity of the bowl Paulus had sent him, viii. xxxlii. ; and on his greed, ix. Ixxxv. ; and satirises his adulation of great men, although he is him- self consul, X. X. ; and his false antiques and equally false friends, xil. Ixix. ; and complains of the trouble of calling upon him at a distance only to And him " not at home," v. xxii. He seems to have been a man of wit, V. xxviii. 6 Pedo, Albinovanns, a poet and epigrammatist of the .A.ugustan age, and a friend of Ovid, who addresses him in one of the Epistles from the Pontns : Ep. ex P. IV. X. ; and alludes to his poem on the exploits of Theseus. Martial compares him- self with him and with Marsus and Catullus, v. v. 6 Plinius, Caius Caecilius, Secundus, the nephew and adopted son of the historian, born A.D. 61 or 62, probably at Comum. An orator, advocate and man of letters. He studied under Quin- tilian, and practised before the Centumviral Court, and filled several offices, being Consul in 100 (in which year he delivered his Panegyric on Trajan), and Propraetor of Pontlca In 103. His works consist of the Pane- gyric on Trajan above mentioned, and ten books of Epistles, of which the tenth consists of letters to Trajan and the Emperor's replies, two of which (97 and 98) are especially interesting by their allusion to the Christians. He was one of the most learned men of the age. Martial addressed an epigram (x. xix.) to him; but the Secundus alluded to in VII. Ixxxiv. (where the note should be corrected) chronology shows not to be the same Primus, Marcus Antonius,vf a,s born at Tolosa in Gaul (IX. xcix. 3), took a leading part in the Civil war that made Vespasian Em- peror, and was the first to enter Rome after the second battle of Bedriacum against the Vitellians. He bore the nickname In his youth of Beccus (beak of a cock, gallus) ; and Suetonius (,Vit. 28) mentions the prophecy that Vitellius would fall into the hands Gal/icani hominis. He perhaps gave Martial a toga (x. Ixxiii. 2), and he admired his poetry, IX. xcix. 1. M. calls him Tolosae gloria, IX. xcix. 3 ; and in a fine epigram congratulates him on his well- spent life, X. xxiii. ; and in another praises his portrait as a youth, X. xxxii. But Tacitus gives a different account of his character. "Though an offender against the laws, and condemned for forgery in the time of Nero, amongst the other evils of war, he had recovered his place in the order of senators. Though he had been appointed by Galba to the command of the seventh legion, he was believed to have written to Otho, offering himself as an adherent to his party. When the fortunes of Vitellius were tottering he attached him- self to the party of Vespasian, and brought to it a great acces- sion of strength. He was 540 I INDEX OF PROPER NAMES energetic In action, ready of tongue, a master of the art of sowing tlie seeds of suspicion against other men, influential in discords and seditions, a plun- derer, a briber, in peace most vile, in war not to be despised," Hist. ii. 86. " He had a ready audacity," Ann. xlv. 40 ; and "glibness of speech, and skill and influence in soothing the common herd," Hist. iii. 10. " He was of an arrogance impatient of an equal, much more of a superior," Hist. iv. 80 ; " success in the case of such a character laid bare his avarice, his inso- lence, and his other hidden vices," Hist. iii. 49 Priscus, Terentius, a fellow-country- man of Martial, to whom he dedicates, on Priscus' return to Spain, the twelfth book. In XII. Ixii. he addresses Saturn on the same subject. Martial calls him (XII. iv.) his Maecenas. In VIII. xlv. he celebrates Priscus's return from Sicily ; and in another epigram (.\II. xiv.) warns him against the danger of too reckless hunting Procuhis, 0. flulius, a friend of Martial, to whom he sends (I. Ixx.) his first book, and whose recovery from illness he com- memorates, XI. xxxvl. Pudens, Aulus, of Sassina in Umbria, a friend of Martial, and a centurion. He served in Pannonia. Martial celebrates his marriage with Claudia, IV. xiii. ; and prays (vi. Iviii. 10) that he may return from his campaigns with primipilar rank and the rank of a knight. It may be inferred from i. xxxi. 3, as compared with v. xlviii. 1, that he attained the former honour at least Quintianus, some rich friend of M. (V. xviii. 9) to wliom M. says that, being poor, he will only Bend his books. In I. Iii. M. appeals to him against a plagiarist Quintilianus, M. Fabius, was born at Calagurris (f'alahorra) in Spain. He was the most cele- brated of Roman rhetoricians. Educated at Rome, he returned to Spain, and came back with Galba in 68. He practised at the Bar, but is chiefly known as a teacher of eloquence, the younger Pliny {Ep. ii. 14; vi. 6) being one of his pupils. He held the chair of rhetoric foundwi by Vcspa-iian ; and was granted by Domitian the insignia of a consul, to which Juvenal (vii. 197) may per- haps sarcastically allude. After twenty years' tenure of the chair he retired about 89 A.D., and in two years had completed the work for which he is principally ^wowi^, the Institutiones Oratoriae in twelve books. He advised Martial to take up a profession, II. xc. Rabirius, the architect of Do- mitian's palace, VII. Ivi.. Martial has an epigram on the death of R.'s parents, and praises his filial piety, x. Ixxi. Regulus, M . AquUlius, a celebrated advocate. He was a delator under Nero and Domitian, and attained great wealth. He is disliked by Pliny, but is flattered by Martial, who praises his character (I. cxi.). Pliny ridicules even his oratorical power (Ep. iv. 7), and his extravagant grief for the death of his son, "a boy of a quick but inscrutable disposition, who yet might have followed the rigtit, had he not been like his father," Ep. Iv. 2. M. congratulates him in two epigrams (I. xii. and Ixxxil.) on his escape from death. Pliny describes him as "rich, factious, courted by many, feared by more ; and fear is generally stronger than love," Ep. 1. 6; 54T INDEX OF PROPER NAMES and remarks his chast,ened atti- tude after Domitian's death, " under whom he had committed no smaller infamies than under Nero, but more covert ones," ibid. Pliny also (Ep. ii. 20) tells a story of his legacy-hunting even in the case of his enemy's wife Rufus, Camonius, of Bononia, a friend of iM. He died at the age of 20 in Cappadocia, VI. Ixxxv. M. alludes in two epigrams (IX. Ixxiv. and Ixxvi.) to his portrait as a cliild, and writes an epigram (vi. Ixxxv.) on his death Rufus, Canius, of Gades, a poet (I. Ixi. 9) and friend of Martial, who alludes (I. Ixix. ; III. xx.) to his geniality, and to his versatility as an author. He married the accomplished Theo- phila, on whom M. (VII. ixix.) writes an epigram Rufics, Instantius, a friend of M., to whom he presented the famous cup elaborately described in VIII. li. M. speaks of his sincerity, Viii. Ixxiii. 1. Perhaps he may be identified with the proconsul of Baetica mentioned in xii. xcviii. 5 Sabinus, Caesius, of Sassina in Umbria, where he built a temple to tlie Nymph of the Lake, IX. Iviii. M. sends him (vii. xcvii. 13) his seventh book, and on another occasion a wreath of roses, IX. Ix. Scorpus, a famous charioteer on whose death Martial writes two epitaphs, X. 1. and liii. ; and of whose immense earnings he speaks, IV. Ixvii. ; X. Ixxiv. ; and gilt statue, v. xxv. Seneca, L. Annaeus, the Stoic philosopher, was born atCorduba in Spain, I. Ixi. 7. He was the brother of Annaeus Mela, the geographer, and of Gailio of the New Testament, and uncle of Lucantliepoet. He was banished by the Emperor Claudius, but was afterwards tutor to Nero, wliose quinquennium, or first five years of good government, was attributed to his teaching. He, however, stained liis reputa- tion by condoning Nero's murder of his motlier Agrippina. He was implicated in the conspiracy of Piso in 4.D. 65, and, together with his wife, committed suicide, Tac. Ann. xv. 63. He was a man of great wealth Severus, a critic to whom Martial submits his poems, V. Ixxx. ; XI. Ivii. As in the last epigram he is called doctus, he may have been himself a poet. In II. vi. M. chaffs him for his hurried reading of Martial's slender volume, althougli he professed to be a great admirer of his poems. There is also an epigram (VII. xxxviii.) on two hideous slaves of his ; and Martial frequently addresses him. In VII. xlix. he sends him a gift of eggs and apples fromthecountry. It is not certain whether this Severus is identical witli the younger son of Silius, for whom tlie poet (Vin. Ixvi.) solicits the consulship ; and whose death (IX. Ixxxvl.) he Ifcments Silius, C, surnamed Italicus, orator, lawyer, and poet, was born about A.D. 25. Pliny (Ep. lii. 7) gives an account of his life. He was consul in 68, the last of Nero's consuls, and proconsul of Asia, where he served with distinction. He lost his younger son, for whom Martial solicits (VIII. Ixvi.) the consulship, and whose death he laments, ix. Ixxxvi. ; but left the elder a consular. In later life he retired to Campania, where he possessed many villas, including Cicero's house at Puteoli and Virgil's house at Naples, xi. xlvlii. and xlix. Tliese villas were richly furnished with books, statues, and busts, among which he especially venerated that of Virgil, whose birthday he kept more religiously than his own. 542 I INDEX OF PROPER NAMES and whose tomb he regarded as a temple. He committed suicide by voluntary starvation in his seventy-sixth year because of an incura))le cancer. As a poet Martial (vii. Ixiii.) calls him immortal, but Pliny says that his works showed more scholarly care than genius. He is known by his Punica, an epic on the second Punic war in seventeen books, of which Prof. Mackail says : "His Punic War may fairly contend for the distinction of being the worst epic ever written ... its author the most striking instance in Latin literature of the incorrigible amateur . . . without any in- ventive or constructive power of his o^vn. Silius copies with tasteless pedantry all the out- worn traditions of the heroic epic." He is only once referred to in the iifth century ; then he fell into complete oblivion till he was discovered in the fifteenth Stella, L. Arruntius, of Patavium, a patron and friend of .Martial and Statius, who dedicates to him the first book of the Silvae. Both Martial (VI. xxi.) and Statius (.Silv. i. 2) write epi- thalamia on Stella's marriage with Violentilla, whom M. calls lanthis, and Statius Asteris. Stella gave games to celebrate the conclusion of the Sarmatian war, vni. Ixxviii. ; and was consul A.D. 101 ; an honour for which M. (IX. xlii.) had solicited Apollo. Statius (Silv. I. ii. 177) also says that he was a guin- decimvir librorum sibyllinorum. He was also a poet. M. alludes to his Columba, a poem on the death of lanthis' pet dove, I. vii. 1 ; VII. xiv. 5; and writea several epigrams (e.g. vi. xlvii.) on a spring in Stella's house Sulpicia, a poetess of the time, of whom notliing is known, X. xxxv. She was the wife of Calenus, X. xxxviil. She is mentioned by Ausonius and by Sidonius Apolli- naris ; and a satirical poem on the expulsion by Domitian of the philosophers from Kome is commonly attributed to her. Paley ascribes to her the poems often contained in the editions of TibuUus Sura, Licinius, of Hispania Tarra- conensis, held offices under Nerva and Trajan, being under the latter three times consul. Martial speaks (vii. xlvii. 1) of his learning, and (vi. Ixiv. l:i) appreciation of M.'s poems, and in tlie first epigram, one of the best, of his unexpected recovery from severe illness. He would seem to have been a natural philo- sopher, for Pliny (Ep. iv. xxx.) consultshinias tothe unexplained ebb and llow of a spring. On his death Trajan gave him a public funeral, and built baths in his meriiury. He is pnrliaps the Sura of I. xlix. 40, but this Sura may be Palfurius Sura, who was removed from the Senate by Vespasian, became a Stoic, was a delator under Domitian, and was after his death con- demned by the Senate, Schol. in Juv. iv. 53 Tullus, Cn. Domiiius Curvius, the brother of Lucanus (q.v.). He held high olUce under Vespasian and Domitian. He was a rich man like his brother, and Pliny (Ep. viii. 18) speaks of the disappoint- ment of the caplalores when his will was opened, and says of the two brothers that it seemed ordained by fate that they should be enriched even against the will of the donors. He had played upon the expectations of legacy-hunters (se captandum pracbuLSset) during his lite, and by his will left his projierty to his relations, thus showing him- self longe melior morte quam vita. He was a cripi)le, unable even to brush his own teeth coniplainingtbat " he daily licked 543 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES the fingers of his slaves," Pliny, I.e. Pliny speaks of the devo- tion of his wife Vestinus, perhaps the Lucius V. described by Tacitus (Hist. iv. 53) as equestris ordinis virum, sed auctoritate famaque inter pro- ceres, to whom Vespasian gave the duty of restoring the Capitol ; and perhaps also the son of the consul Vestinus who, being marked for death by Nero, committed suicide by opening his veins in a bath (Tac. Ann. xv. 69). Martial praises him (iv. Ixxiii.) for dividing his property amongst his friends when he was on the point of death. Paley suggests that his motive was to avoid making the Emperor his heir, or joint heir ; and cites the example of Agricola (Tac. Ag. 43), who had made Domitian joint heir with his own wife and daughter Zoilus, an anonymous person frequently attacked by M., and to wliom is attributed every vice. He had been a slave (III. xxix.) and a runaway one (xi. liv.), and had afterwards become a knight (III. xxix.) It is not improb- able that M. borrowed the name from the original Zoilus, a grammarian of Amphipolis who floiirislied in the time of Philip of Macedon and AlexandertheGreat, and wliose name, because of his attacks on Homer, Plato, and others, became one synonymous with malignant criticism, Ov. Rem. Am. 366. He was called Kviov 'pijTopiKds, and 6nripoiJid<TTi^ , and remains, in the words of Swinburne (Cont. of Shak. II.) "eternally ahve (or in Brown- ing's characteristically audacious phrase) 'immortally immerJed.' " Aelian (V.H. xi. 10) reports a remark of liis that he always spoke evilly of men because he could not do them evil 544 INDEX OF FIRST LINES ifl A A latronibus esse te fututam A servo scis te genitum blandeqiie fateris A Sinuessanis conviva Philostratus undis . Abscisa servum quid flgis, Pontice, lingua ? . Abstulerat totam temerarius institor urbem . Accidit infandum nostrae scelus, Aule, puellae Accipe belligerae crudum thoraca Minervae . Accola iam nostrae Degis, Germanice, ripae . Ad cenam invitant omnes te, Phoebe, cinaedi Ad cenam si me diversa vocaret in astra . Ad lapidem Torquatus habet praetoria quartum Ad natalicias dapes vocabar Ad populos mitti qui nuper ab urbe solebas . Ad primum decima lapidem quod venimus hora Addat cum mihi Caecubum minister . Addere quid cessas, puer, immortale Falernum ? Addixti, Labiene, tres agellos Addixti servum nummis here mille ducentis . Aedes emit Aper, sed quas nee noctua vellet . Aegrotas uno decies aut saepius anno . Aemiliae gentes et Apollineas Vercellas . . Aemula Baianis Altini litora villis .... Aeolidos Canace iacet hoc tumulata sepulcro Aera domi non sunt, superest hoc, Regiile, solum Aera per taciturn delapsa sedentls in ipsos Aestivo serves ubi piscem tempore quaeris ? . Aetherias aquila puerum portante per auras . Alcidp, Latio nunc agnoscende Tonanti Alcides modo Vindicem rogabara .... Alcime, quem raptum domino crescentibus annls Allatres licet usque nos et usque .... Alpliius ante fuit, coepit nunc Olphius esse . Amisit pater unicum Salanus Amissum non flet cum sola est Gellia patrem. Amplutheatrales inter nutrita magistros . Amphora vigessi, modius datur aere quaterno An possim vetulam quaeris, Matronia : possum Ancillariohim tua te vocat uxor, et ipsa . ALunorum nitidique sator pulcherriine mundi . Antiqui rex magne poll niundique prioria . Antoni Phario nil obiecture Pothino . . . Anxuria aequorei placidos, Frontine, recessua XII. xxvii I. Ixxxi XI. Ixxxii II. Ixxxii VII. Ixi VII. xiv VII. 1 V. iii IX. Ixiii IX. xci X. Ixxix VII. Ixxxvi XII. iii XI. Ixxix X. xcviii IX. xciii XII. xvi X. xxxi XI. xxxiv XII. Ivi X. xii IV. XXV XI, xci VII. xvi viii. xxxii u. Ixxviii I. vi IX. Ixv IX. xliv I. Ixxxviii V. Ix IX. xcv VI. Ixii I. xxxiii XI. !xL\ XII. Ixxvi III. xxxii XII. Iviii X. xxviii XII. Ixii V. )xix X. Iviii 545 INDEX OF FIRST LINES ?r ApoUinarem conveni meum, Scazon .... Appia, quam siniili venerandus in Hercule Caesar Archetypis vetuli nihil est odiosius Eucti . Arclietypum Myoa argentum te dicis liabere . Arctoa de gente coraam tibi, Lesbia, misi Ardea solstitio Castranaque rura petantur Argenti genus omne comparasti .... Argenti libram mittebas ; facta selibra est Argenti libras Marius tibi quinque reliquit Argiletanas mavis liabitare tabernas . Arrectum quotiens Marulla penem Arrigis ad vetulas, fastidis, Basse, puellas. Artemidorus liabet puerum, sed vendidit agrum Artibus tiis semper cenam, Philomuse, mereris Artis Phidiacae toreuma clarum .... Aspice quam dennim tacitarum velliis aquarum Aspice quam placidis insultet turba iuvencis . Aspicis hunc uno contentum lumine, cuius Aspicis, inbelles temptent quam fortia dammae Aspicis incomptis ilium, Deciane, capillis . Aspicis, ut parvus nee adhuc trieteride plena Astra polumque dedit, quamvis obstante noverca Astra polumque pia cepisti mente, Rabiri. Atreus Caecilius cucurliitarum .... Atria Pisonum stabant cum stemmate toto Attice, tacundae renovas qui nomina gentis Audet facundo qui carmina mittere Ncrvae Audieris in quo, Flacce, balneo plausum . Auditur quantum Massyla per avia murmur Augusti labor hie fuerat comraittere classes Augusto pia tura victimasque .... Aureolis futui cum possit Galla duobus Auriculam Mario graviter miraris olere VII. xxvi IX. ci VIII. vi viiJ. xxxiv V. ixviii IV. Ix IV. xx.vix X. Ivii II. Ixxvi I. iii X. Iv III. Ixxvi IX. xxi IX. XXXV III. XXXV IV. iii V. xxxi VIII. lix IV. Ixxiv I. xxiv VI. xxxviil V. Ixv VII. Ivi XI. xxxi IV. xl VII. xxxii IX. xxvi IX. xxxiii VIII. Iv Ev. xxviii VIII. Ixvi IX. iv in. xxviii B Baetis olivifera orinem redimite corona Baiana nostri villa, Basse, Faustini .... Baiano procul a lacu, monenius Barbara pyramidum sileat miracula Memphis Barbatus ri^ido nupsit Callistratus Afro . Basia da nobis, Diadumene, pressa. " Quot " inquis ? Basia das aliis, aliis das, Postume, dextram . Basia dum nolo nisi quae luotantia carpsi. Bella es, novimus, et puella, verum est . . . Belliger invictis quod Mars tibi servit in armis . Belhis homo et magnus, vis idem Cotta, videri . Bis Cotta soleas perdidisse se questus .... Bis quinquagenis domus est tibi miiibus empta . Bis tibi triceni fuimus, Mancine, vocati Bis viclne Nepos — nam tu quoque proxinia Florae Boletos et aprum si tanquam vilia ponia . Bruma est et riget horridus December .... Brumae diebus feriisque Saturui XII. xcvni ni. Iviii IV. XXX Sped, i XII. xlii VI. xx.xiv II. xxi V. xlvi I. Ixiv Sped, vi I. ix XII. Ixxxvii XII. Ixvi I. xliii VI. xxvii XII. xlviii VII. xcv xn. Ixxxi 546 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Caelatus tibi cum sifc, Anniane Caesaris alma dies et luce sacratior ilia Cae^iaris Aiigusti lascivos, livide, versus- . Callidus eflracta nummos fur auferet area Callidus imposuit nuper mihi copo Ravennae. Calliodonis habet censum — quis nescit ? — equestrem Campis dives Apollo sic Myrinis .... Cana est barba tibi, nigra est coma : tinguere barbam Candidius nihil est te, Caeciliane : notavi Cantasti male, dum fututa es, Aegle .... Capena grandi porta qua pluit gutta .... Cappadocum saevis Antistius occidit oris . Capto tuam, pudet heu, sed capto, Maxime, cenam Carmina nulla probas moUi quae limite currunt . Carmina Paulus emit, recitat sua carmina Paulas Carpere causidicus fertur mea carmina : quis sit Casta nee antiquis cedens Laevina Sabinis Casta suo gladium cum traderet Arria Paeto . Castora de Polluce Gabinia fecit Achillan Cedere de nostris nulli te dicis amicis . Cedere maiori vlrtutis fama secuiida est . Cenabis belle, lull Cerialis, apud me . . . Cenes, Canthare, cum foris libenter Ceno domi quotiens, nisi te, Charopine, vocavi Censor maxime principumque princeps Centenis quod emis pueros et saepe ducenis . Centum Coranus et ducenta Mancinus Centum iniselli lam valete quadrantes Cernere Parrhasios dum te iuvat, Aule, triones Cessatis, pueri, nUiilque nostis Chirurgus fuerat, nunc est vispillo Diaulus . Cinctum togatis post et ante Saufeium . . Cinnam, Clnname, te iubes vocari .... Circumlata diu mensis scriblita secundia . Clarus tronde lovis, Romani fama cothurni . Claudia caeruleis cum sit Rutina Britnnnis Claudia, Rufe, meo nubit Peregrina Pudenti. Clinicus Herodes trullam subduxerat aegro . Coccina famosae donas et ianthina moechae . Coepit, Maxime, Pana qui solebat .... Cogis me calamo manuque nostra .... Cogit me Titus actitare causas .... Colchida quid scribis, quid scribis, amice, Thyesten Comraendare meas, Instanti Rufe, Camenas . Comniendare tuum dum vis mihi carmine munus Coniniendo tibi, Quiiitiane, nostros Communis tibi cum viro, Magulla .... Comoedi tres sunt, sed aniat tua Paula, T,uperce, Concita veloces fugeret cum daninia Molossos Condita cum tibi sit iam sexagosima iiicssis . Conditus hie ego sum Bassi dulor, Urbicus infans ConiugLs audisset fatum cum Porcia Hruti Consilium foimae speculum dulcesque capillos VI. xcii IV. 1 xt XX V. xlii III. Ivii V. xxxviii IX. xlii IV. xxxvi II. Ixxi I. xciv III. xlvii IX. XXX II. xviii XI. xc II. XX V. xxxiii I. Ixii I. xiii VII. Ivii X. xiv Spect. xxxU XI. Hi IX. X V. 1 VI. iv III. Ixii IV. xxxvii III. vii VI. Iviil III. Ixvii I. XXX II. Ixxiv VI. xvii III. xvii XI. ix Xt. liii IV. xiii IX. xcvi II. xxxix I. Ixix VII. xi I. xvii V. liii VII. Ixviii VII. xlvi I. lU XII. xci VI. vi Spcrl. XXX IV. Ixxviii VII. xcvi I. xlii IX. xvi 547 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Constituit, Philomuse, pater tibl milla bina . Consule te Brutx) quod iuras, Lesbia, natam . Consumpta est uno si lemniate pagina, transis Contigeris nostros, Caesar, si forte libellos Contigeris regina meos si Polla libellos Contigit Ausoniae procerum mitissimus aulae Continuis vexata madet vindemia nimbis Contulit ad saturas ingentia pectora Turnus Conviva quisquis Zoili potest esse .... Coponem laniuinque balneumque .... Cosconi, qui longa putas epigraramata nostra Cosmicos esse tibi, Semproni Tucca, videris . Cotile. bellus homo es : dicunt hoc, Cotile, multi Cras te victurum, eras dicis, Postume, semjier Credi virgine castior pudica Credis ob haec me, Pastor, opes fortasse rogare Creta dedit magnum, mains dedit Africa nomen Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, luraine laesus Crinitae Line paedagoge turbae .... Cri«pulus iste quis est, uxori semper adhaeret Cui legisse satis non est epigrammata centum Cni tradas, L\ipe, filium magi.-tro .... Cuius vis fieri, libelle, munus Cum cathedralicios portet tibi raeda ministros Cum clamant omnes, loqueris tunc, Naevole, solus ("uni coleret puros pauper Telesinus amicos . Cum comes Arctois haereret Caesaris armis . Cum dare non possim quod poseis, Galla, rogantem Cum data sint equiti bis quina nomismata, quare Cum depilates, Chreste, coleos portes .... Cum dicis " Propero, fac si facis," Hedyle, languet Cum dixi ficus, rides quasi barbara verba Cum dubitaret adhuc belli civilis Enyo Cum duo venissent ad Phyllida mane fututum . Cum facias versus nulla non luce ducenos Cum faciem laudo, cum miror crura manusque . Cum futuis, Polycharme, soles in fine cacare . Cura gravis extremas Vestinus duceret lioras . Cum luvenale meo quae me committere temptas. Cum me captares, niittebas munera nobis. Cum me velle videa tentumque, Telesphore, sentis Cum mensas liabeat fere trecentas Cum mittis turdumve mihi quadramve placentae Cum peteret dulces audax Leandros amores . Cum peteret pars haec Myrinum, pars ilia Triumphu Cum peteret patriae missicius arva Ravennae Cum peteret regem, decepta satellite dextra . Cum peteret seram media iam nocte matellam . Cum placeat Phileros tota tibi dote redemptus . Cum pluvias madidumque lovem perferre negaret Cum potes amethystinos trientes Cum rogo te nummos sine pignore, " non habeo," inquis Cum Saxetani ponatur cauda lacerti . Cum sane communem vexat spado Dindymus Aeglen Cum sexaginta numeret Cascellius anuos . III. X X. xxxix X. lix 1. iv X. Ixiv XII. vi I. Ivi XI. X III. Ixxxii II. xlviii II. Ixxvii VII. xli III. Ixiii V. Iviii IV. vi IX. xxii II. ii XII. liv XII. xltx V. Ixi I. cxviii V. hi III. ii X. xiii I. xcvii VI. 1 IX. xxxi III. liv I. xi IX. xxvii I. xlvi I. Ixv VI. xxxii X. Ixxxi VIII. XX III. Ii IX. Ixix IV. Ixxiii VII. xxiv IX. Ixxxviii XT. Iviii VII. xlviii VI. Ixxv Sped. XXV b Sped. XX III. xci I. xxi VI. Ixxxix II. xxxiv VII. xxxvi X. xlix XII. XXV VII. Ixxviii XI. Ixxxi VII. ix 548 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Cum sint crura tibi, simulent quae cornua lunae Cum sis ipsa donii mediaftue ornere Siiliura . Cum sis iiec risida Fabiorura gente creatus . Cum sis tarn pauper, quara nee miserabilia Iros Cum sitis similes paresque vita .... Cum te municipem Corintliiorum .... Cum te non nossem, domluum regemque vocabam Cum tibi non Ephesos nee sit Rhodes aut Mytilene Cum tibi non essent sex niilia, Caeciliane . Cum tibi nota tui sit vita tidosque mariti . . Cum tibi sit facies, de qua nee femina possit . Cum tibi sit soptiiae par fama et cura laborum Cum tilii tarn crassae sint, Artemidore, lacernae Cum tibi treceiiti consules, Vetustilla Cum tibi vernareut dubia lauugine nialae Cum traherct Priscus, tralieret certamina Verus Cum tu, laurigeris annum qui (ascibus intras Cum tua nou edas, carpis mea carmina, Lf.eli Cum tua sacrilegos contra, Norbane, furores . Cum vocer ad cenam non iam vonalia ut ante Cum voco te dominum, noli tibi, Cinna, placere Cunarum fueras motor, Charideme, mearum . Cur here quod dederas, hodie, puer Ilylle, negasti Cur non basio te, Philaeni ? calva ea . . . Cur non mitto meos tibi, Pontiliane, libellos V Cur saepfi sicci parva rura Nomenti Cur spleniato saepe prodeam mento ... Cur tantum eunnchns liabeat tua Caelia, quaeris Cur tristiorera cernimus Saleianum Curandum penem commisit Baccara Raetus . Cursorem sexta tibi, Rufe. remisimus hura . Custodes da.'^, Polia, viro, non accipis ip.^a Cyllones caelique decus, facunde minister . n. XXXV IX. xxxvii VI, Ixiv VI. Ixxvii VIII. XXXV X. Ixv I. cxii X. Ixviii IV. 11 XII. xcvi vu. xviii I. cxi VIII. Iviii III. xciii II. 1x1 Spect. xxix X. X I. xci IX. Ixxxiv III. Ix V. Ivil Xt. xxxix IV. vii n. xxxiii VII. ill XII Ivii X. xxii VI. Ixvll II Ixv XI. Ixxiv III. c X. Ixix VII. Ixxiv Da veniam subitis : non displicuiase meretur Daedale, Lucano cum sic lacereris ab urso Dante tibi turba querulos, August*, libellos . Dantem vina tuum quotiens aspeximus Ilyllum Daphnonas, platanonas et aerios pityonas Das gladiatores, sutorum regule, cerdo . . Das niinquam, semper promittis, Galla, roganti Das Parthis, das Germanis, das, Caelia, Dacis Dat Baiana mihi quadrantes sportula centum De cathedra quotiens surgis (iam saepe notavi) De nostro facunde tibi luvenalis agello . . De nullo lo(iueris, niilli maledicis, Apici . De praetoricia folium mihi, Paule, corona. Declamas belle, cansas agb, Attice, belle . . Declamas in febre, Maron : banc esse phrenesin Dederas Apici, bis trecenties vcntri Delicias, Caesar, lususque iocosque leonum . Democritos, Zenonas inoxplicitosque Platonas Spect. xxxi Spect. vili VIII. Ixxxii IX. XXV xii. 1 III. xvi 11. XXV VII. XXX I. lix XI. xcix VII. xci III. Ixxx VIII. xxxiii 11. vii IV. Ixxx III. xxii I. xiv IX. xlvil 549 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Denaris tribus invitas et mane togatum . . Deiitibii3 antiqnas solitus producere pelles Dentibus atque comis, nee te pudet, uteris eniptis Deprensum in puero tetricis me vocibus, uxor Derisor Fabianus hirnearum Di tibi dent et tu, Caesar, quaecunque mereris Di tibi dent quidquid, Caesar Traiane, mereris Die mibi. quern portas, volucrum regina ? " Tonantem Die iiiii.i, quis furor est ? turba spectante vocata Die, Musa, quid agat Canius meus Eufus . Die, toga, facundi gratum milii munus amici Die verum mihi, Marce, die amaho Dicere de Libycis reduci tibi gentibus, Afer . Dicis amore tui bellas ardere puellas . Dicis formosam, dicis te, Bassa, puellam . . Dicit se vetulam, eum sit Caerellia pupa . Difflcilis facilis, iucundus acerbus es idem Digna tuo cur sis indignaque nomine, dicam . Diniidium donare Lino quani credere totum . Discursus varios vagumque mane .... Distieha qui scribit, puto, vult brevitate plaeere Dives eras quondam : sed tunc paedieo fuisti Dixerat astrologus periturum te cito, Munna Dixerat " o mores 1 o tempora 1 " Tullius dim Do tibi naumaehiam, tu das epigrammata nobis Doctorum Licini celeberrime Sura virorum . Donasse amicum tibi dueenta, Maneine Donasti, Lupe, rus sub urbe nobis Donasti tenero, Ciiloe, Luperco Doiiavi tibi multa, quae rogasti Dermis cum pueris m'ltuniatis Dotatae uxori cor harundine flxit acuta . Drauoi Natta sui voeat pipinnam Ducit ad auriferas quod me Salo Celtiber oras Dulee deeus scaenae, ludorum fama, I.atinus Dulcia cum tantum scribas epigrammata semper Dum donas, Macer, anulos puellis Dum lanus liiemes, Domitianus antumnos Dum levis arsura atruitur Libitina papyro Dum mea Caecilio formatur imago Secundo . Dum modo causidieum, dum te modo rlietora flngis Dum nimium vano tumef actus nomine gaudea . Dum non vis pisces, dum non vis carpere pulloa . Dum nos btanda tenent lascivi stagna Lucrinl Dum nova Pannonici numeratur gloria belli . Dum novus est nee adhuc rasa mihi fronte libellus Dum petit a Baulis mater Caerellia Baias Dum Phaethontea formica vagatur in umbra. Dum proavos atavosque refers et nomina magna Dum repetit sera conductos nocte penates Dum sibi redire de Patrensibus fundis Dum te prosequor et domum reduoo .... Dum tibi felices indulgent, Castrice, Baiae . . Dum tibi Niliacus portat crystalla cataplus . Dum Tiburtinis albescere solibus audit . . . TX. c IX. Ixxiii XII. xxiii XI. xliii XII. Ixxxiii VI. Ixxxviii X. xxxiv V. Iv I. XX III. XX Vin. xxviii VIII. Ixxvi IX. vii n. Ixxxvil V. xlv IV. XX xn. xlvii III. xxxiv I. Ixxv VII. xxxix VIII. xxix XI. Ixxxvii IX. Ixxxii IX. Ixx I. v VII. xlvii IV. Ixi XI. xviii IV. xxviii XII. Ixxix m. Ixxiii X. XV XI. Ixxii X. XX IX. xxviii VII. XXV VIII. V IX. I X. xevii VII. Ixxxiv II. Ixiv IV. xi ni. xiii IV. Ivii VIII. XV IV. X IV. Ixiii VI. XV V. xvii VIII. Ixxv V. XXXV XI. XX iv VI. xliii XII. Ixxiv VII. xiii 55° INDEX OF FIRST LINES Dum tu forsitan inqnietus erras .... Duni tu lenta niniis diuque quaeris Duxerat esuriens locupletem pauper anumque XII. xviii IV. xxiii IX. Ixxx E - Ecquid Hyperboreis ad nos conversus ab oris Ede tuos tandem populo, Faustine, libellos Edere lascivos ad Baetica crusmata gestus Ediotum domini deique nostri .... Edita ne brevibus pereat inihi cura libellis Editur en sextns sine te mihi, Rufe Camonl Effert uxores Fabius, Chrestilla tnaritos . Effisiem tantum pueri pictura Camoni EPfugere in thermis at circa balnea non est EtTugere non est, Flacce, basiatores Egi, Sexte, tuam, pactus duo milia, causam Egisti vitam semper. Line, municipalem . Elysio redeat si forte remissus ab agro Emi seu puerum togamve pexam ... Emit lacernas milibus decern Bassus . Empta domus fiierat tibi, Tonciliane, ducentis Encaustus Phaethon tabula tibi pictus in liac est Epigramma nostrum cum Fabulla legisset Erras meorum fur avare librorum .... Esquillls domus est, domus est tibi colle Dianae Esse negas coctum leporem poscisqne flagejla Esse niliil dicis quidquid petis, improbe Cinna Esse quid hoc dicam, quod olent tua basia myrrl Esse quid hoc dicam, vivis quod fama negatur Esse tibi videor saevus nimiiiinque gulosus . Essct, Castrice, cum mali coloris .... Est mihi (sitque precor longum te praeside, Caesar) Est tibi (sitque precor multos crescatque per annos) Et delator es et calumniator Et dolet et queritur, sibi non contingere frigus Et iudex petit et petit patronus Et latet et lucet Phaetliontide condita gutta Et vultu poteram tuo carere .... Etrusoi nisi thernuilis lavaris .... Eutrapelus tonsor dum circuit era Lupercl Exieis a nobis operam sine fine togatam . Exigis, ut donem nostros tibi, Quinte, libnllos Exigis, ut nostros donem tibi, Tucca, libellos Explicitnm nobis usque ad sua cornua librum Extemporalis factus est mens rhetor . Exulat Ausonia profugUB delator ab urbe vn. vi I. XXV VI. Ixxi V. viii 1. xlv VI. Ixxxv VIII. xliii IX. Ixxiv XII. Ixxxii XI. xcviii VIII. xvii IV. Ixvi X. cl II. xliv VIII. X III. Hi IV. xlvii rv. Ixxxi I. Ixvi VII. Ixxiii III. xciv III. Ixi II. xii V. X VIII. xxiii VII. iv IX. xviii I. cviii XI. Ixvi VI. lix II. xiii IV. xxxii III. liii VI. xlii TII. Ixxxiii III. xlvi IV. Ixxii VII. Ixxvii XI. cvii V. liv Sped. Iv. b F Fabrlcio lunctus Mo requlesclt Aquinus . Facere in Lyciscam, Paule, me lubes versus Facundi Senecae potens amicus I. xclil IV. xvil VII. xJv INDEX OF FIRST LINES Facundos mihl de libidinosis Xii. xliii Fama refert nostros te, Fidentine, libellos I. xxix Famae non nimium bonae puellam VI. Ixvi Fastonim genitor parensque lanus VIH. ii Felicem fieri credis me, Zoile, cena II. xix Felices, quibiis urna dedit spectare coniscum X. vi Femina praeferri potuit tibi nulla, Lycori vi. xl Ferreus es, si stare potest tibi nieatula, Flacce .... XI. xxvii Fertur habere nieos, si vera est fama, libellos .... VII. Ixxxviii Festinat Polytimus ad puellas XII. Ixxv Festinata prior decimi miiii cura libelli X. ii Festinata sui gemeret quod fata Severi IX. Ixxxvi Festive credis te, Calliodore, iocari . ' vi. xliv Fieosa est uxor, flcosus et ipse maritus vii. Isxi J lavia gens, quantum tibi tertius abstulit heres .... Xiv. sub fin. Flectere te nolim, sed nee turbare capillos II. xxxvi Flentibus Heliadum ramis dum vipera repit iv. lix Flete nefas vestrum, sed toto Hete Lucrino VI. Ixviii Florida per varios ut pingitur Hybla colores II. xlvi Foedasti misenim, marite, moechum II. Ixxxiii Foetere multo Myrtale solet vino V. iv Fons dominae, regina loci quo gaudet lanthis .... VII. 1 Formosa Piiyllis nocte cum mihi tota Xii. Ixv Formosam faciem nigro medicamine celas in. iii Formosam Glyceran amat Lupercus Xi. xl Formosam sane, sed caecus diligit Asper viri. xlix Formosissima quae fuere vel sunt viii. liii Fragmentum quod vile putas et inutile lignum .... Vii. ,\Lx Frangat Idumaeas tristis Victoria pahnas X. 1 Frontibus adversis molles concurrere dammas .... IV. xxxv Frustra Blanditiae venitis ad me X. Ixxii Fugerit an Plioebus mensas cenamque Tiiyestae . . . in. xlv Funera post septem nupsit tibi Galla virorum .... IX. Ixxviii Fur notae nimium rapacitatia vi. Ixxii G Gains banc lucem gemma mihi lulius alba Galla, nega : satiatur amor, nisi gaudia torquent Garris in aurem semper omnibus, C'inna . Gellius aediiicat semper : modo limina ponit . Gentibus in Libycis uxor tua, Galla, male audit Genus, Aucte, lucri divites habent iram . Gestari iunctis nisi desinis, Hedyle, capris (iratis qui dare vos iubet, puellae .... Gratum est, quod Celeri nostros legia, Aucte, libellos Gratus sic tibi, Paule, sit December XI. xxxvi IV. xxxviil I. Ixxxix IX. xlvi II. Ivi XII. xiii IV. lU XII. Iv VII. lil II. Ixxvi Habere amicam nolo, Flacce, subtilem Habet Africanus milies, tamen capiat XI. c XU. X 552 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Haec est ilia dies, quae magni conscia partus. Haec est ilia meis multum cantata libellis Haec est ilia tibi promissa Theoptiila, Cani . Haec uiilii quae colitnr violis pictura rosisque Haec quae pulvere dissipata nuilto Haec quae tota patet tpfiiturque et marmore et i Haec sunt ilia mei quae cernitis ora Canioni . Haec tibi, non alia, est ad cenam causa vocandi Haec tibi, Palladiae seu collibus uteris Albae Haec tibi pro nato plena dat laetus acerra Haedina tibi pelle conteszenti Hanc tibi, Fronto pater, senetrix Flaccilla, puell Hanc tibi Sequanicae pinguem textricis alunmam Hanc volo, quae facilis, quae palliolata vagatur Has cum gemina compede dedicat catenas Have, mi Torani, f rater carissime .... Herbarum fueras indutus, Basse, colnres . Herculis in magni vultus descendere Caesar . Heredem cum me partis tibi, Garrice, quartae Heredem Fabius Labienum ex asse reliquit . Heredem tibi me, C'atulle, dicis .... Heredes, nolite brevem sepelire colonum . Hermes Martia saeculi voluptas .... Hermogenes tantus mapparum, t Pontice, fur es Hesterna factum narratur, Postume, cena Hesterna tibi nocte dixeramus Hesterno foetere mero qui credit Acerram " Hexametris epigramma facis " scio dicere Tuccam Hiberna quamvis Arctos et rudis Pence . Hibernos peterent solito cum more recessus . Hie est pampineis viridis modo Vesliius umbris Hie est quem legis ille, quern requiris . Hie festiiiata requiescit Krotion umbra . . Hie iacet ille senex, Augusta notus in aula . Hie quem videtis gressibus vagis lentum . Hie qui dura sedens porrecto saxa leone . Hie qui libellis praegravem gerit laevam . . Hie ubi Fortunae Reducis fulgentia late . . Hie ubi sidereus propius videt astra colossus . Hoc agere est causas, hoc dicere, Cinna, diserte Hoc, Fortuna, tibi videtur aequum ? . . . Hoc iacet in tumulo raptus puerilibus annis , Hoc nemus aeterno cincrum sacravit honori . Hoc nemus, lii fontes, haec textilis umbra supin Hoc tibi q\iidquid id est longiiiquis mittit ab oris Hoplomachus nunc es, fueras ophthalmicus ante Horas quinque punr nondum tibi nuutiat, et tu Hortatur fieri quod ti; I>upus, Urbice, patrem Hos quoque conunenda Venuleio, Hufe, libellos Hos tibi, Phoebe, vovet totos a vertice crines Hos tibi vicinus, Faustine, Telesphorus hortos Hospes eras nostri semper, Matho, Tihurtini . Hostem cum fugeret, se Fannius ipse peremit Hue est usque tibi scriptus, niatrona, libellus Hunc quem mensa tibi, quem cena paravit aniicura Til. xxi IX. xJix VII. Ixlx X. xxxii I. Ixxxii IX. XX IX. Ixxvi III. 1 V. i IV. xlv XII. xlv V. xxxiv IV. xix IX. xxxil III. xxix I.X. prapf. V. x.xiii IX. Ixiv IX. xlviii VII. Ixvi XII. Ixxiii XI. xiv V. xxiv XII. xxix II. Ixxli I. xxvii I. xxviii VI. Ixv VII. vii V. Ixvil IV. xliv I. i X. l.xi VII. xl I!. Ivii IX. xliii V. li VIII. Ixv Sped, il VIII. vii X. Ixxvl VI. lii I. cxvi XII. xxxi III. i V7II. Ixxiv VIII. Ixvii XI. Iv IV. Ixxxii I. xxxl I. cxiv IV. Ixxix II. Ixxx III. Ixviil IX. xiv 553 INDEX OF FIRST LINES f Hunc qtipm saepe vides intra penetralia nostrae Hunc qui feinineis nocli'^^que diesque cathedris Hystericam vetulo se dixerat esse marito . IV. liii XII. xxxviii XI. Ixxi I, felix rosa, mollibiisque sertis I nostro romes, i libPlle, Flavo .... I nunc, edere me iulie libellos .... lactat inapqualem Matlio me fecisse libellum lam carte stupido non dices, Paula, marito lam nisi per somnum non arrigis et tibi, Maev lam numerat placido felix Antonius aevo lam parce lasso, Roma, gratulatori lam prope desertos cineres et sancta Maronis lara senior Ladon Tiberinae nauta carinae lam sex aut septem nupsisti, Galla, cinaedis lam tristis nncibus puer relictis Ibis litoreas, Macer, Salonas .... Icta gravi tele confossaque vulnere mater Ignotos mihi cum voces trecentos . Iliaco similem puerum, Faustine, ministro Ilia mantis quondam studiorum Ada meorum Ilia salax nimium nee paucis nota puellis . Ille ego sum Scorpus, clamosi gloria Circi Ille sacri lateris custos Martisque togati . Improba Massiliae quidqnid fumaria cogunt In matutina nuper spectatus harena . In Nomentanis, Ovidi, quod nascitvir arvis In omnibus Vacerra quod conclavibus In Pompeiano dormis, Laevine, tlieatro . In Saeptis Mamurra diu nniltumque vagatus In Tartesiacis domus est notissima terris . In tenebris luges amissum, Galla, maritum In thermis sumit lactucas, ova, lacertum . Incideris quotiens in basia fellatorura . Incustoditis et apertis, Lesbia, semper ludignas premeret pestis cum tabida fauces Indulget pecori nimium dum pastor Amyntas Infantem secum semper tua Bassa, Fabulle Infantem tibi vir, tibi, Galla, reniisit adulter Infusnm sibi nuper a patrono .... Ingenium mihi, Gaure, probas sic esse pnsillum Ingenium studiumciue tibi nioresque genusque lugenuam malo, sed si tamen ilia negetur. Inguina succinctus nigra tibi servus aluta. Inscripsit tunndis septem scelerata virorum Insequeris, fugio ; fugis, insequor ; haec mihi mens Inserta phialae Mentoris manu ducta . Instanti, quo nee sincerior alter habetur . Intactas quare mittis mihi, PoUa, coronas ? Inter Caesareae discriniina saeva Dianae . Inter tanta tuae miracula, Caesar, harenae Interponis aquam subinde, Rufe . . . est VII. Ixxxix X. civ II. vl VII. xc XI. vii XI. xlvi X. xxiii X. Ixxiv XI. xlix X. Ixxxv vir. Iviii V. Ixxxiv X. Ixxviii Sped, xiii XI. XXXV III. xxxix I. ci XI. XXV X. liii VI. Ixxvi X. xxxvi X. XXV I. cv XI. Ixxvii VI. ix IX. lix IX. Ixi IV. Iviii XII. xix XI. xcv I. xxxiv 1. Ixxviii XI. xli IV. Ixxxvii X. xcv V. Ixx IX. 1 V. xxvii HI. xxxiii VII. XXXV IX. XV V. Ixxxiii III. xn vin. Ixxiii IX. Ixxxix Spect. xii IX. Ixxsiii I. ovi 5.54 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Intv.TStI quotiena Inscriptae llmina cellae . lutres ampla licet torvi lepus ora leonis . Invasit medici Nasica phreiieticus Eucti . Invia Sarmaticis doniini lorica sagittis Invitas ad apnira, ponis mihi, Gallice, porcum Invitas centum quadrantibus et bene cenas Invitns nullum nisi cum quo, Cotta, la'varis Invitas tunc me, cum scis, Nasica, vocasse Invitum cenare foris te, Classice, dicis Ipsarum tribadum tribas, Philaeni Irasci nostro non debes, cerdo, libello . Irasci tantum felices nostis amici . Iratus tanquam populo, Cliarideme, lavaris Issa est passere nequior Catulli ... Itur ad Ilerculeas gelidi qua Tiburis arces lugera mercatus prope busta latentis agelli luii iugera pauca Martialis Tulia lex populis ex quo, Faustine, renata est lunctam Pasiphaen Dictaeo credite tauro luno labor, Polyclite, tuus et gloria felix . luppiter Idaei risit mendacia busti. lura trium petiit a Caesare discipulorum . lurat capillos esse, quos emit, suos. lure tuo nostris maneas licet, hospes, in hortis luris et aequarum cultor sanctissime legum Iu3 tibi natorum vel septem, Zoile, detur . XI. xlv I. Ix XI. xxvili VII. ii VIII. xxii IV. Ixviii I. xxiii n. Ixxix n. Ixix VII. Ixx HI. xcix III. xxxvii VI. Ixxxi I. cix I. xil xn. Ixxii IV. Ixiv VI. vii Spfct. V X. Ixxxix IX. xxxiv X. Ix VI. xil V. Ixii X. xxxvii XI. xi! Koiva 0i'Xojv haec sunt, haec sunt tua, Candlde, Koii'o n. xlili Laeserat ingrato leo perfldus ore niagistrum . Laevia sex cyathis, septem lustina bibatur . I.ambere securi dextram consueta magistri Languebam : sed tu comitatus protinus ad me Lansiiida cum vetula tractare virilia dextra . Languidior noster si quando est Paulus, Atili Lapsa quod externls spirant opobalsama truncis Lascivam tota possedi nocte puellam . Lascivos lepcrrum cursus lususque leonum Latonae venerande nepos, qui mitibus herbls. Laudantem Selium cenae cum retia tendit Laudas balnea versibus trecentis .... Laudat, amat, cantat nostros mea Roma libellos Laudatiir nostro quidam, Faustine, libello Laurigeros doniini, liber, intrature pcnatea Laxior liexaphoris tua sit lectica liceint . Lector et auditor nostros probat, Aule, Iibello3 Lege nimis dura convivam scribere versus Leniat ut fauces medlcus, quas aspera vexat . Lesbia se iurat gratis nunquam esse fututam Sped. X I. Ixxi Spect. xviii V. ix XI. xxix IX. Ixxxv XI. viii IX. Ixvil I. xliv IX. xvii II. xxvii IX. xix VI. Ixl V. xxxvi VIII. 1 II Ixx.xi IX. ixxxi IX. Ixxxix XI. Ixxxvl XI. Ixli 555 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Liber, amicorum dulcissima cura tuorum ...... viii. Ixxvil Liber, Amyclaea frontem vittate corona IX. Ixxil Liber liomo es niniium, dicis milii, Ceryle, semper ... I. Ixvii Libertus Melioris ille notus VI. xxviil Libras quattuor aut duas amico XJI. xxxvi Lingis, non futuia meam puellam III. xcvi Lingua maritus, moechus ore Nanneius XI. Ixi Lintea ferret Apro vatiiis cum vernula niiper XII. Ixx Lis miiii cum Balbo est, tu Balbum olfendere non vis , . ii. xxxii Lis te bis decimae numerantem frigora brumae .... VII. Ixv Litigat et podagra Diodorus, Flacce, laborat I. xcviii Littera facundi gratum milii pignus amici X. Ixxiii Litus beatae Veneris aureum Baias XI. Ixxx Livet Cliarinus, rumpitur, furit, plorat Viil. Ixi Lomento rugas uteri quod condere temptas III. xlii Longior undecimi nobis deciniique libelli ,xii. v Lotus nobiscum est, hilaris cenavit et idem VI. liil Luce propinquorum, qua plurima mittitur ales .... IX. Iv Luci, gloria temporum tuorum IV. Iv Ludi magister, parce simplici turbae X. Ixii Lusistis, satis est : lascivi nubite cunni VI. xlv Lusit Nereidum docilis chorus aequore toto Sped, xxvi Lusus erat sacrae conubia fallere taedae vi. ii Lux tibi post Idus numeratur tertia Maias in. vi Lydia tam laxa est, equitis quam cuius aheni .... Xi. xxi M Magna licet totlens tribuas, malora daturus . . Maiae Mercurium creastis Idus Mammas atque tatas liabet Afra, sed ipsa tatarum Mane domi nisi te volui meruique videre . Mane salutavi vero te nomine casu .... Marcelline, boni suboles siucera parentis . Marcia, non Rhenus, salit liic. Germane : quid obstas Marcus amat nostras Antonius, Attice, Musas Marl, quietae cuitor et comes vitae .... Marmora parva quidem, sed non cessura, viator . Martis alumne dies, roseam quo lampada primum Massyli leo fama iugi pecorisque maritus . Matronae puerique virginesque Matutine cliens, urbis mihi causa relictae . Maximus ille tuns, Ovirti, Caesonius hie est Medio recumbit imus ille qui lecto MenophiU penem tam grandis fibula vestit Mensas, Ole, bonas ponis, sed ponis opert.is Mense novo lani veterem, Proculeia, maritiim Mentiris, credo : recitas mala carmina, laudo Mentiris fictos unguento, Plioebe, capiUos. Mentiris iuvenem tinctis, Laetine, capillis Mentitur, qui te vitiosum, Zoile, dicit . Mentula cum doleat puero, tibi, Naevole, cuius . Meatula tam magna est, quantus tibi, Papile, nasus Mercaii nostras si te piget, Urbice, nugas . . viii. liv XII. Ixvii I. c V. xxii VI. Ixxxviil VI. XXV XI. xcvi IX. xcix X. xcii X. Ixiii XII. Ix IX. Ixxi V. ii XII. Ixviii VII. xliv VI. ixxiv VII. Ixxxii X. liv X. xli XII. xl VI. Ivii ITI. xliii XI. xcii III. Ixxl VI. xxxvi vn. U 556 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Mica vocor : qnld sim, cernis, cenalio parva Miles Hyperboreos modo, Marcelline, triones Milia misisti milii sex bis sena petenti Wilia pro puero centum me mango poposcit Milia viginti ijuoudam me Galla poposcit . Mille tibi nummos hesterna luce roganti . Minxisti ciirrente semel, Pauline, carina . Miraris, docto quod carmina mitto Severe Miraris, quare dormitum non eat Afer ? . Miraris veteres, Vacerra, solos .... Mittebas libram, quadrantem, Garrice, mittis Moechum Gellia non liabet nisi unum . Moechus erat : poteras tamen hoc tu, Paula, negare Moechus es Aufldiae, qui vir, ScaevLne, fuisti Mollia quod nivei dure teris ore Galaesi . Mollis erat facilisque viris Poeantius heros Morio dictus erat : viginti milibus enii Mulio viginti venit modo milibus, Aule , . Multis dum precibus lovem salutat Multis iam, Lupe, posse se diebus .... Munera qui tibi dat locupleti, Gaure, senique Munera quod senibus viduisque ingentia mittis Muneribus cupiat si quis contendere tecum . Municipem rigid! quis te, Marcella, Salonls Municipes, Augusta mihi quos Bilbilis aori Slusaei pathicissimos libellos Mutua quod nobis ter qninquagena dedisti Mutua te centum sestertia, Plioebe, rogavi . Mutua viginti sestertia forte rogabam . . . n. llx IX. xlv rv. Ixxvi I. Iviii X. Ixxv IV. XV III. Ixxviii XI. Ivii X. Ixxxiv Till. Ixix XI. cv VI. xc I. Ixxiv 111. Ixx XI. xxii II. Ixxxiv VIII. xiii XI. xxxviii XII. Ixxvii XI. Ixxxviii viii. xxvil IV. Ivi VII. xlii XII. xxi X. ciii XII. xcv in. xl VI. XX II. XXX N Namia, sulphureo quam gurgite candidus amnis . . . vii. xciil Narrat te, Chione, rumor nunquam esse fututam . . . in. Ixxxvii Narratur belle quidam dixisse, MaruUe V. Ixxvil Nascere Dardanio promissum nomen lulo vi. ill Nasutus nimium cupis videri XII. Ixxili Nasutus sis usque licet, sis denique nasus xiii. 11 Natales mihi Martiae Kalendae X. .xxiv Natali, Diodore, tuo conviva senatus X. xxvll Natali tibi, Quinte, tuo dare parva volebam IX. liii Natorum mihi ius trium roganti II. xcli Ne gravis hesterno fragres, Fescennia, vino I. Ixxxvil Ne laudet digiios, laudat Callistratns omnes Xii. Ixxx Ne legat hunc C'liioiie, mando tibi, Rufe, libellum . . . lit. xcvil Ne legeres partem lascivi, casta, libelli III. Ixxxvl Ne toga cordylLs et paenula desit olivis XIII. i Ne valeam, si non totis, Deciane, diebus II. v Nee doctum satis et parum severum x. xix Nee nuiUus nee te delectat, Baetice, turdus III. Ixxvii Nee toga nee focus est nee tritus ciniice lectus .... XI. xxxii Nee vocat ad cenam Marins nee munera mittit .... x. xviii Nemo habitat gratis ni.si dive« et orbus apud te . . . . XI. Ixxxiii Nemo nova caluit sic inflammatus arnica X. Ixxxvi 557 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Nequlus a Caro nihil unquarn, Maxime factum est Kescio quid de te non belle, Dento, fateris Nescio tarn multis quid scribas, Fauste, pimll Nescit, crede mihi, quid sint epigrammata, Klacce Nescit, cui dederit Tyriam Crispinus aboUam Nihil Ammiano praeter aridam restem Nihil est miserius neque gulosius Santra . Nil aliud loqueris quam Thesea Pirithoumque Nil est tritius Hedyli lacernis .... Nil in te scripsi, Bithynice. Credere non vis Nil intemptatura Selius, nil linquit inausum Nil lascivius est Charisiano Nil mUii das vivus ; dicis post fata daturum Nil miserabilius, Matho, paedicone Sabello Nil non, Lygde, mihi negas roganti . . Nil recitas et vis, Mamerce, poeta videri . Nil tibi legavit Fabius, Bithynice, cui tu . Nolueram, Polytime, tuos violare capillos Nomen Athenagorae, quaeris, Callistrate, verum Nomen cum violis rosisque natum .... Nomen habes teneri quod tempera nuncupat anni Non amo te, Sabidi, nee possum dicere <|uare Non cenat sine apro noster, Tite, Caeciliauus Non de plebe domus, nee avarae verna catastae Non de vi neque caede nee veneno . . . Non dicam, licet usque me rogetis .... Non dixi, Coracine, te cinaedum .... Non donem tibi cur meos libellos .... Non est in populo nee urbe tota .... Non est mentitus, qui te mihi dixit habere . Non est, Tucca, satis, quod as gulosus . . Non facit ad saevos cervix, nisi prima, leones Non horti neque palmitis beati .... Non mea Massylus servat pomaria serpens Non miror, quod potat aquam tua Bassa, Catulle Non omnis nostri nocturna est pagina libri Non per mystica sacra Dindymenes . Non plenum modo vicies habebas . Non quemcunque focum nee fumum caseus omnem Non rudis iudocta fecit me falce colonus . Non silice duro structilive caemento . Non sum de fragili dolatu'' ulmo .... Non sum de prime, fateor, trifolina Lyaeo Non tot in Eois timuit Gangeticus arvis . . Non totam mihi, si vacabis, horam Non vis in solio priup lavari Non urbana mea tantum Pimpleide gaudent . Nondum murice cultus asperoque .... Norica quam certo venabula dirigit ietu . Nos bibimus vitro, tu murra, Pontice. Quare ? Nosses iocosae dulce cum sacrum I'lorae . Nosti mortiferum quaestoris, Castrice, signum ? Nosti si bene Caesium, libelle Nostris versibus esse te poetam .... Note, licet nolis, sublimi pectore vates . , X. Ixxvil VIII. xxxi XI. Ixiv IV. xlix VIII. xhiii IV. Ixx VII. XX X. xi IX. Ivii XII. Lxxviii II. xiv VI. xxiv XI. Ixvii VI. xxxiii XII. Ixxi II. Ixxxviii IX. ix XII. Ixxxiv IX. xcv b. IX. xi IX. xiii t. xxxii VII. lix VI. xxix VI. xix II. xxiii IV. xliil V. Ixxiii IV. Ixxxiv XI. cii xn. xli I. li vni. xl X. xciv VI. Ixix XI. xvii VIII. Ixxxi I. xcix XXIII. xxxii VI. Ixxiii IX. I.XXV VI. xlix XIII. cxiv VIII. xxvi V. Ixxx II. Lxx XI. iii vni. Ixxii Sped, xxiii IV. Ixxxv praef. xix sqq. VII. xxxvii VII. xcvii I. Ixxij IX. init. 558 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Novit loturos Dasiiis numerare : poposcit. Nubere Paula cupit nobis, ego duceie Paulam Nubere Sila mihi nulla non lege parata est Nubere vis Frisco, non miror, Paula : sapisti Nulla est hora tibi qua non me, Phylli, furentem Nulla remisisti parvo pro munere dona Nulli munera, Chreste, si remittis . Nulli, Thai, negas, sed si te non pudet Istud Nullos esse deos, inane caelum .... Nullus in urbe fuit tota qui tangere vellet Nummi cum tibi sint opesque tantae . Nunc hjlares, si quando mihi, nunc Indite, Musae Nunquam dicis have, sed reddis, Naevole, semper Nunquam divitias deos rogavi Nunquam me revocas, venias cum saepe vocatus Nunquam se cenasse dorai Philo iurat, et hoc est Nuntiat octavam Phariae sua turba iuvencae Nuper erat medicus, nunc est vispillo Diaulus Nympha, mei Stellae quae fonte domestica pure Nympha sacri regina lacus, cui grata Sabinus Nympharum pater amniumque, Kliene 11. lii X. viii XI. xxiii IX. V XI. 1 IV. Ixxxviii VII. Iv ly. xii rv. xxi I. Ixxiii XII. liii VII. viii HI. xcv IV. Ixxvii m. xxvii V. xlvii X. xlviii I. xlvii VI. xlvii IX. Iviii X. vii O 0 cui Tarpeias licuit contingere quercus rv. liv O cui Nirgineo flavescere contigit auro IX. xxiii 0 felix animo, felix, Marina, marito rv. Ixxv O iucunda, covinne, solitudo Xii. xxiv O luliarum dedecus Kalendaruin Xll. xxxii 0 mihi curarum pretium non vile mearum I. Ixxvi O mihi grata quies, o blanda, Telesphore, cura .... xi. xxvi O mihi post nullos, luli, memorande sodales I. xv O molles tibi quindecini, Calene x. xxxviii O quam blandus es, Animiane, matri U. iv 0 temperatae dulce Formiae litus X. xxx Obstat, care Pudens, nostris sua turba libellis .... IV. xxix Occurris qnocunque loco mihi, Postume, clamas .... II. Ixvii Occurris quotiens, Luperce, nobis I. cxvii Occurrit tibi nemo quod libenter III. xliv Octaphoro sanus portatur, Avite Philippus VI. Ixxxiv Octobres age sentiat Kalendas X. ixxxvii Oculo Philaenis semper altero plorat IV. Ixv Oderat ante ducum famulos tiubamque priorem ... ix. Ixxix Odi te, quia bellus es, Sahelle XII. xxxix Ohe, iara satis est, ohe, llbelle IV. Ixxxix Omnes aut vetulas haVjes arnicas viii. l.xxix Omnes eunuchos habet Alnio nee arricit ipse .... X. xci Omnes persequTis praetoruni, Cotta, lilj^ llns .... X. Ixxxviii Omnes quas habuit, Faliiane, T.ycoris arnicas IV. xxiv Omnes quidem lihclli mei, domine VIII. prncf. Omnes Sulpiclam legaiit piiellae x. xxxv Omnia, Castor, emis : sic flet, ut omnia vendas .... vn. xcviii Omnia cum retro puerls obsonia tradas in. xxiii Omnia femineis quare dilecta catervis XI. xlvii 559 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Omnia mlsisti mlhl Saturnalibug, Umber . . Omnia promittH, cum tota nocte bil)isti . Omnia quod scribis castis epigraniniata verbis Omnia vis belle, Matho, dicere. Die aliquando Omnis in hac pracili Xeniorum turba libello Orbus es et locuples et Bruto consule natus . Orpiiea quod subito telhis emisit hiatu Os et labra tibi llngit, Maneia, catellus Os male causidicis et dicis olere poetis . VTI. liii XII. xii III. l.xix X. xlvi xiii. lii XI. xliv Sped. xxi. b I. Ixxxill XI. XXX Paedicat pueros tribas Philaenia .... Paedicatur Eros, fellat Linns : Ole, quid ad te Paediconibus os olere dicis Pallida ne Cilicum tinieant pomaria brumam Palma regit nostros, mitissinie Caesar, Hiberos Par scelus admisit Phariis Antonius armis Parciiis utaris, moneo, rapiente veredo Pars maxillaruni tonsa est tibi, pars tibi rasa est Parthenio die, Musa, tuo nostroque salutem . Parva rogas magnos ; sed non dant haec quoque Parva suburbani munuscula mittimus liorti . Pater ex Marulla, C'inna, factus es septem Pauca lovem nuper cum milia forte rogarem Pauper amicitiae cum sis, Liipe, non es amicae Pauper videri Cinna vult ; et est pauper . Pauperis extru.xit cellam, sed vendidit Olus . Percidi gaudes, percisus, Papile, ploras Perfrixisse tuas questa est praefatio fauces . Periclitatur capite Sotades noster .... Perpetuam Stellae dum iungit lanthida vati . Perpetui nunquam moritura volumina Sill Pervenisse tuam iam te scit Rhenus in urbem Petit Gemellus nuptias Maronillae .... Pexatus pulchre rides mea, Zoile, trita Phoebe, veni, sed quantus eras, cum bella Tonanti Phosphore, redde diem : quid gaudia nostra moraris Picto quod iuga delicata collo .... Pierios vatis Theodori flamma penates Pinxisti Venerem, colis, Artemidore, Minervam Pistor qui fueras diu, Cypere Plena laboratis habeas cum scrinia libris . Plorat Eros, quotiens maculosae pocula murrae Plus credit nemo tota quam Cordus in urbe . Pompeios iuvenes Asia atque Europa, sed ipsum Pontice, quod nunquam futuis, sed paelice laeva Ponuntur semper chrysendeta Calpetiano Potavi modo consulare vinum Poto ego sextantes, tu potas, Cinna, deunces Potor nobilis, Aule, lumine uno .... Praeceps sanguinea dum se rotat ursus harena Praecones duo, quattuor tribuni .... Praedia solus habes et solus, Candide, nummos 560 magni VII. Ixvii VII. X XII. Ixxxv VIII. xiv XII. ix III. Ixvi XII. xiv VIII. xlvii XII. xi XI. Ixviii VII. xlix VI. xxxix VI. X XI. ii vin. xix III. xlviii IV. xlviii III. xviii VI. XX vi VI. xxi VII. Ixiii viii. xi I. x II. Iviii VII, xxiii VIII. xxi I. civ XI. xciii V. xl VIII. xvi rv. xxxiil X. Ixxx III. XV V. Ixxiv IX. .xli VI. xciv VII. Ixxix XII. xxviii VI. Ixxvili Spect. xl VI. viil III. xxvi INDEX OF FIRST LINES Praestitit exhibitus tota tibi, Caesar, harena .... Praetorem pauper centum sestertia Gaurus .... Prima Palatino lux est haec orta Tonanti .... Prima salutantes atque altera conterit hora . . . . Primos passa toros et adhuc placanda marito Primum est, ut praestes, si nuid te, Cinna, rogabo . " Primus ubi est " inquis " cum sit liber iste secundus ? Principium des, lane, licet velocibus annis .... Priscus ab Aetnaeis miiii, Flacce, Terentius oris . . . Privignum non esse tuae te, Galle, novercae .... Pro sene, sed clare, votum Marc fecit amico . . . . Profecit poto Mithridates saepe veneno Proscriptum famulus servavit fronte notata . . . . Prostratum vasta Nemees in valle leonem . . . . Proxima centenis ostenditur ursa columnis . . . . Psilothro faciem levas et dropace calvam Puella senibus dulcior mihi cygnis Pulchre valet Charinus, et tamen pallet Pyrrhae flJia, Nestoris noverca Sped. Ix IV. Ixvii IX. xxxix IV. viii rv. xxii VII. xliii II. xciii VIII. viii VIII. xlv IV. xvi XII. xc V. Ixxvi ni. xxi Spect. vi. b III. xix III. Ixxiv V. xxxvii I. Ixxvii X. Ixvii Q Qua factus ratione sit requiris Qua moechum ratione basiaret Qua vicina pluit Vipsanis porta columnis . Quadrantem Crispus tabulis, Faustine, supremis Quadringenta tibi non sunt, Chaerestrate : surge Quadringentorum reddis mihi, Phoebe, tabellas . Quae legis causa nupsit tibi Laelia, Quinte . Quae mala sunt domini, quae servi commoda, nescis Quae mihi praestiteris memini semperque tenebo Quae modo litoreos ibatis carmiua Pyrgos . . Quae nova tam similes genuit tibi, Leda, ministros ? Quae tam seposita est, quae gens tam barbara, Caes Quae te causa trahit vel quae flducia Romam Quae tibi non stabat praecisa est mentula, Glypte Quaecunque lusi iuvenis et puer quondam Quaedam me cupit, invide Procille Quaeris, cur nolim te ducere, Galla ? Diserta es Quaero diu totam, Safroni Rufe, per urbem . Qualem, Flacce, velim quaeris nolimve puellam ? Qualiter Assyrios renovant incendia nidos Qualiter in Scythica religatus rupe Pronietheus . Quani mihi mittebas Saturni tempore lancem Quam sit lusca Philaenis indecenter .... Quamvis tam longo possis satur esse libelio . Quanta Gigantei memoratur mensa triuniphi Quanta quies placidi, tanta est facundia Nervae Quanta tiia est probitas, tanta est infantia formae Quantum lam superis, Caesar, caeloque dedisti Quantum solUcito fortuna parentis Etrusco . Quantus, io, Latias muiidi conventus ad aras Quare non habcat, FabuUe, quaeris Quare tam multia a te, Latine, diebus . . X. cli XII. xciii IV. xviii V. xxxii V. XXV IX. cii T. Ixxv IX. xcii V. Ill XII. ii IX. ciii Spect. iii III. xxxviii II. xlv I. cxiii I. cxv XI. xix IV. Ixxi I. Ivii V. vii Sped, vii X. xxix XII. xxii XI. cviii VIII. I VIII. Ixx VIII. xlvi IX, iii VI. Ixxxiii VIII. iv XII. XX XII. xvil S6i INDEX OF FIRST LINES i Quatenus Odrysios iam pax Romana triones . Quattuor argenti libras niihi tempore bruniae Quem recitas, mens est, o Fideutine, libellus . Qui Corcyraei vidit pomaria regis .... Qui ducis vultus et non legis ista libenter Qui gravis es nimium, potes hinc iani, lector, abire Qui legis Oedipoden caligantemque Tliyestea. Qui modo per totam flammis stiniulatus harenam Qui nonduni Stygias quaerit descendere ad umbras Qui nunc Caesareae lusus spectatur liarenae . Qui Palatinae caperet convivia measae Qui plnxit Venerem tuam, Lyeori Qui potuit Barchi matrem dixisse Tonantem Qui praestat pietate pertinaci Qui recitat lana fauces et colla revinctus . Qui tecum cupis esse meos ubicunqiie libellos Qui tonsor tota fueras notissinius urbe Quid cum femineo tibi, Baetice Galle, barathro ? Quid de te, T.ine, suspicetur uxor Quid faciat vult scire Lyris : quod sobria : fellat Quid factum est, rogo, quid repente factum est . Quid me. Thai, senem subinde dicis ? . . . . Quid niihi reddat ager quaeris, Line, Nomentanus ? Quid mihi vobiscum est, o Plioebe noveinque sorores ? Quid narrat tua moecha ? Non puellam . Quid nobis, inquis, cum epistola ? Quid non cogit amor V secuit nolente capillos Quid non saeva fugis placidi lepus ora leonis ? . Quid promittebas mihi milia, Gaure, ducenta Quid recitaturus circumdas vellera collo ?. " Quid sentis " inquis " de nostris, Marce, libellis ? Quid, stulte, nostris versibus tuos misccs ? Quid te, Tucca, iuvat vetulo miscere Falerno. Quid tibi nobiseum est, ludi scelerate magister . Quid vellis vetulum, I.igia, cunuum ? . . . . Quidam me modo, Rufe, diligenter Quidquid agit Rufus, nihil est nisi Naevia Rufo . Quidquicf in Orpheo Rhodope spectasse theatro . Quidquid Parrhasia nitebat aula Quidquid ponitur hinc et inde verris .... Quinque satis fuerant : nam sex septemve libelli Quinte Caledonios Ovidi visure Britannos. Quiutiliane, vagae moderator summe iuventae . Quintum pro Decimo, pro Crasso, Regule, Macrum Quintus nostrorum liber est, Auguste, iocorum . Quis labor in phiala ? docti Myos anne Myronos ? Quis negat esse satum materno funere Bacchum ? Quis Palatinos imitatur imagine vultus Quis puer hie nitidis absistit lanthiiios undis Quis, rogo, tarn durus, quis tani fuit ille superbus Quis te Phidiaco formatam, lulia, caelo . Quis tibi persuasit nares abscidere moecho ? Quisquis F'laminiam teris, viator . Quisquis laeta tuis et sera parentibus optas Quisquis stolaeve purpuraeve contemptor. VII. Ixxx VIII. Ixxi I. xxxviii VIII. Ixviii I. xl XI. xvi X. iv Sped, xix XI. Ixxxiv VIII. XXX vm. xxxix I. cii V. Ixxii Vin. xxxviii VI. xli I. ii VII. Ixiv III. Ixx.Ki II. liv II. Ixxiii V. xUv IV. 1 n. xx.xviii II. xxii III. Ixxxiv II. i)raef. V. xlviii I. xxii V. Ixxxii IV. xli V. l.xiii X. c I. xviii IX. Ixviii X. xc VI. Ixxxii I. Ixviii Sped, xxi XII. XV II. xxxvii VIII. iii X. xhv II. xc V. xxl V. XV VIII. 11 Sped, xiii IX. xxiv VII. XV X. Ixvi VI. xiii III. Ixxxv XI. xiii X. ixxi X, V 562 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Quo possit fieri modo, Severe Quo til, quo, liber otiose, tendis .... Quo vis cunque loco potes hunc finire libellum Quod alpha dixi, Corde, paenulatorum Quod Caietano reddis, Polycharme, tabellas . Quod clamas semper, quod a<!eiitibus obstrepis, Aeli Qnod convivaris sine me tani saepe, Luperce Quod cupis in nostris dicique legique libellis . Quod fellas et aquara potas, nil, Lesbia, peccaa . Quod Flacco Variuiiue fuit summoque Maroni Quod fronte Seliuiii nubila vides, Rufe Quod lana caput alligas, Charine Quod magni Thraseae consummatique Catonis . Quod mihi vix unus toto liber exeat anno Quod nee carmine glorior supino Quod nimio gaudes noctera producere vino . Quod nimium lives nostris et ubique libellis . Quod nimium mortem, Chacremon Stoice, laudaa Quod nocturna tlbi, Leandre, pt-pprcerit unda Quod non argentum, quod noii lilii mittimus aurum Quod non insulse scribis tetrasticlia quaedam Quod non sit Pylades hoc tempore, non sit Orestes Quod novus et niiper factus tibi praestat amicus Quod nubis, Proculina, concubino Quod nuUi calicera tuum propinas Quod nunquam maribus iunctam te, Bassa, videbam Quod nutantia fronte perticata Quod optimum sit disputat convivium Quod pectus, quod crura tibi, quod brachla vellis Quod plus et supplex eleplias te, Caesar, adorat . Quod quacunciue venis Cosmum m.igrare putamus Quod querulum spirat, quod acerbum Naevia tussit Quod semper casiaque cinnamoque Quod semper superos invito fratre rogasti Quod siccae redolet palus lacunae .... Quod spirat tenera malum mordente puella . Quod tam grande sophos clamat tibi turba togata Quod te diripiunt potentiores Quod te mane domi toto non vidimus anno . Quod te nomine iam tuo salute Quod tibi crura rigent saetis et pectora villis Quod tibi Decembri mense, quo volant mappae Quos cuperet PlUegraea suos victoria ludos . VII. xxxiv XI. i XIV. ii V. x.xvi VIII. xxxvii I. xcv VI. Ii IV. xxxi II. 1 XU. iv II. xi .Ml. Ixxxix I. viii X. Ixx II. Ixxxvi II. Ixxxix XI. xciv XI. Ivi Sped. XXV V. lix vii. Ixxxv VI. xi III. xxxvi VI. xxii II. XV I. xc V. xii IX. Ixx Vii II. Ixii Sped, xvii III. Iv II. xxvi VI. Iv IX. Ii IV. iv lU. Ixv VI. xlviii VII. Ixxvi IV. xxvi II. Ixviii VI. Ivi V. xviii VIII. Ixxviii R Raptus abit media quod ad aethera taurus harena Baros colligis hinc et hinc capillos Raucae chortis aves et ova matrum .... Reclusis foribus grandes percidis, Amillo . Kegia pyramidum, Caesar, miracuia ride . Rem factam Poiiipullus habet, Faustiue : legetur Rem peragit nullam Sertorius, inchoat omnes Rerum certa salus, terrarum gloria, Caesar . . Sped, xvi X. Ixxxiii VII. xxxi VII. Ixii VIII. xxxvi VI. Ix in. Ixxix U. xci 563 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Retla dum cessant latratoresque Molossl . Rictibus his tauros non eripuere magistrl . Ride, si sapis, o puella, ride .... Rideto multuni qui te, Sextille, cinaedum Romam petebat esuritor Tuccius . Romam vade, liber : si, veneris unde, requiret Rufe, vides ilium subsellia prima terentem Rumpitur invidia quidam, carissime luli . Ruris bibliotlieca delicati Rustica mercatus multis sum praedia nummis XII. i I. xlviii II. xll II. .xxviii III. xiv III. iv II. xxix IX. xcvii VII. xvii VI. V S Sacra laresque Phrygum, quos Troiae maluit heres Saecula Carpophorum, Caesar, si prisca tulissent. Saecula Nestoreae permensa, Pliilaeni, senectae . Saepe ego Chrcstinam futui. Det qiiam bene quaeris ? Saepe loquar nimium gentes quod, .Avite, reraotas Saepe meos laudare solos, Auguste, libellos . Saepe niihi dicis, Luci carissime luli .... Saepe mihi queritur non siccis Cestos ocellis . Saepe rogare soles, quails sim, Prisce, futurus Saepe salutatus nunquam prior ipse sahitas . Saepiiis ad palmam prasinus post fata Neronis . Sancta duels summi prohibet censura vetatque . Sancta Salonini terris requiescit Hiberis . Sanctorum nobis miracula reddls avorum Sardonica medicata dedit mihi pocula virga . Sardonychas, zmaragdos, adamantas, iaspidas uno Saturnalia divitem Sabellum Saturnalicio Macrum fraudare tribute Scio me patrocinium debere contumacissimae Scis te captari, scis hunc qui captat avarum . Scribebamus epos ; coepisti scribere : cessi . Scribere me quereris, Velox, epigrammata longa Scribere te quae vix intellegat ipse Modestus Scribit in aversa Picens epigrammata charta Scripsi, rescripsit nil Naevia, non dabit ergo Secti pod ids usque ad umbilicum . Securo nihil est te, Naevole, peius ; eodem Sedere primo solitus in gradu semper . Semper agis causas et res agis, Attale, semper Semper cum mihi diceretur esse Semper mane mihi de me mala somnia narras Semper pauper eris, si pauper es, Aemiliane Senos Charhius omnibus digitis eerit . Septem clepsydras magna tibi voce petentl Septem post calices Opimiani .... Septima iam, Phileros, tibi conditur uxor in agro Seria cum possim, quod delectaiitia male. Sescenti cenaut a te, lustine, vocati Setinum dominaeque nives densi(iue trientes Seu tu Paestanis getiita es seu Tiburis arvis Sex sestertia si statim dcdisses .... XI. iv Sped, x.xvii IX. x.xix II. xxxi X. xcvi IV. xxvii I. cvii I. xcii XII. xcii V. Ixvi XI. x.xxiii VI. xci VI. xviii viii. Ixxx IX. xciv V. xi VI. xlvi X. xvii Xll. praff. VI. Ixiii XII. xciv I. ex X. xxl VIII. Ixii II. ix VI. xxxvii IV. Ixxxiii V. j:iv I. Ixxix X. xl VII. liv V. Ixxxi XI. lix VI. XXXV IX. Ixxxvii X. xliii V. xvi XI. Ixv VI. Ixxxvi IX. Ix VI. XXX 564 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Sexagena teras cum limina mane senator . Sexagtesima, Marciane. messis .... Sextaiites, Calliste, duos infunde Falerni . Sexte, niliil debes, nil debes, Sexte, fatemur Sexte, Palatinae cultor facunde Minervae Sextiliane, bibis quantum suhsellia quinque Sextus mittitur hie tibi libellus . . - . credis mild, Quinte, quod mereris . daret autunnius niihi noinen, Oporinos essem dederint superi decies mihi milia centum . desiderium, Caesar, popuIi(iue patrumque . det ini(|ua tibi tristein tortuna reatum . donare vocas promittere nee dare, Gai . Lutaue, tibi vel si tibi, Tulle, darentur memini, fuerant tibi quattuor, Aelia, dentes mens aurita gaudet lagalopece Flaccus mihi Picena turdus palleret oliva niniius videor seraque coronide longus . non est grave nee nimis niolestum . non niolestum est teque non piget, seazon prior Euganeas, Clemens, Heiicaonis oras . qua fides veris, praeferri, maxima Caesar . qua videbuntur chartis tibi, lector, in istis quando leporem mittis mihi, Gellia, dicis . quid forte petam timido gracilique libello . quid. Fusee, vaca^ adhuc amari quid lene mei dicunt et dulce libelli. quid nostra tuis adicit vexatio rebus quid opus fuerit, scis me non esse rogandum quis ades loneis serus spectator ab oris (juis erit raros inter nunierandus amicos quis forte mihi possit praestare roganti Romana forent liaec Socratis ora, fuissent sine carne voles ientacula sumere frugi te sportula maior ad beatos tecum mihi. care Martialis ..... temperari balneum cupis fervena til)i Mistyllos cocus, Aemiliane, vocatur tristi doniicenio laboras tua, Cerrini, pronias epigraramata vulgo . tua nee Thais nee lusca est, Quinte, puella vis auribus .-\tticis probari c in graniine lloroo reclini3 c me fronte legat donunus, Faustina, serena c placidum videas seinpor, Crisi)lne, Tonantem c tanquam tabulas scyphosque, P.iule . c Tiburtinae orescat tibi silva Dianae ecus, sobrius est Aper : quid ad me ? dera iani Tyriiis Plirixei respicit agni dere pereussa est subito tibi, Zoile, lingua . li, C'astalidum deeus sororum .... lins haec magni celebrat inonumenta Maronis mpllcior priscis, Slunati Galle, Sabinis . renas hilarem navigantium poeiiain ... t cisterna mihi, quam viuea, malo Ravennae XII. xxvl VI. Ixx V. Ixiv II. ill V. V I. xxvi VI. i IX. lii IX. xii I. ciii VII. V n. xxlv X. xvi I. xxxvi I. xix VII. Ixxxvii IX. liv X. i V. vi I. xcvi X. xciii V. xix II. viii V. xxix VIII. xxiv I. liv X. xlv X. Ixxxii VII. xcii Sped, xxiv I. xxxix IV. xlii X. xcix XIII. xxxi VIII. xlii V. XX III. XXV I. i V. l.xxviii VIII. xviii rii. xi rv. ixxxvi IX. xc VII. xii VII. xcix XII. Ixix vii. xxviil XII. XXX X. li XI. Ixxxv IV. xiv XI. xlviil X. xxxiii III. Ixiv m. Ivl 565 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Sit cuius tibi qiiam marer requiris ? . . . . Sit Pliloais an Ctiinne Venpri nipgis apt?., requiris ? Sola tiW fuerant sestertia, Miliche, centum Sollicitant pavidi dtim rliinocerota magistri . Solvere dodrantem nuper tibi, Quinte, volebat Solvere, Paete, decern tibi me sestertia cogis . Sordida cum tibi sit, verum tamen, Attale dixit Sordidior caeno cum sit toga, calceus autem . Sotae fllia dinici, Fabnlla Spadone cum sis eviratior fluxo .... Spectabat modo solus inter omne3 .... Spectas nos, Philomuse, cum lavamur Spendophorns Libycas doniini petit armiger urbes Spero me secutum in libellis meis .... Sportula, Cane, tibi suprenia nocte petita est. Sportula nulla datur ; gratis conviva recumbis Stare iubes nostrum semper tibi, Lesbia, penem Stare, Luperce, tibi iam pridem mentula desit Stellae delicium mei columba Subdola famosae moneo fuge retia moechae . Sum, tateor, semperque fui, Callistrate, pauper Summa licet velox, Agathine, pericnla ludas . Summa Palatini poteras aequare colossi . Summa tuae, Meleagre, fuit quae gloria famae Sunt bona, sunt quaedam mediocria, sunt mala plura Sunt chartae mihi, quas Catonis uxor . Sunt geniini fratres, diversa sed inguina lingunt Sunt tibi, cnnfiteor, diffusi iugera campi . Supremas tibi tricies in anno Sus fera iam gravior maturi pignore ventris . Sutor cerdo dedit tibi, cnlta Bononia, munus. Synthesibua dum gaudet eques dominusque senator III. xcviii XI. Ix II. Ixiii Sped, xxii VIII. ix XI. Ixxvl IV. xxxiv VII. xxxiil IT. ix V. xli IV. il XI. Ixiii IX. Ivi I. praef. I. Lxxx III. XXX VI. xxiii UI. Ixxv I. vii n. xlvii V. xiii IX. xxxviii VIII. Ix Sped. XV I. xvl XI. XV III. xcviil III. xxxi V. xxxix Sped, xiv III. lix XIV. i Tam dubia est lanugo tibi, tarn mollis, ut illam Tam male Thais olet, quam non fullonis avari Tam saepe nostrum decipi Fabullinum Tanquam parva foret sexus iniiiria nostri Tanquam simpliciter mecum, Callistrate, vivas Tanta est quae Titio columna pendet . Tanta tibi est aiiirni probitas orisque, Safroni Tanta tibi est recti reverentia, Caesar, et aequi Tantos ot tantas si dicere Sextilianum. Tantum dat tiiii Unma basiorum .... Tantus es ft talis nostri, Polypheme, Severi . Tarpciae venerande rector aulae .... Tarpeias ]>i'jdi'rus ad coronas Tempora Pi>'ria solitiis redimire corona Temporibiis no>lris aetas cum cedal avorum . Ter centena quidem poteras epigrammata ferre Terrarum dea gentiumque Roma .... Thaida Quintus amat : quam Tliaida ? Thaida luscam Thaida tam tenuem potuisti, Flacce, videre ? . . . 566 VII X. xlil VI. xciii XII. li IX. viii XII. XXXV XI. li XI. ciii XI. V VI. liv XII. lix xxxviii VII. Ix IX. xl XII. lii VIII. Ivi II. i XII. viii III. viii XI. ci INDEX OF FIRST LINES Thafs habet nigros, niveos Laecania dentea Theca tectus aheaea lavatur .... Thelj'n vicierat in toga spadonein . Thestyle, Victoris tornientuni diilce Voconi Thustylon Aulus amat, sed nee minus ardet A Tibi, summe Rh»ni domitor et parens orbis Tiburin Herciileiim niigravit nigra Lycofis Tinctis murice vestibu' quod omni. Titulle, moneo, vive : semper hoc serum est Tolle, puer, calices tepidique toreiimata Nili Tongilianus habet nasum : scio, non nego. Sed Tonsorem puerum, sed arte talem . Tonstrix Suburae faucihus sedet primia . Totis, Galle, iubes tibi uie servire diebus . Toto vertice quot gerit capillos Tres habuit dentes, pariter quos expuit omnes Triginta niiliiquattuorque messes . Triginta tibi sunt pueri totidemque puellae Triginta toto mala sunt epigramm;itri libro Tristesupercilium duriquesevera Catonis. Tristis Athenagoras non misit munera nobis Tristis es et felix ; sciat hoc Fortuna caveto Tu qui pene virosterres et falce cinaedos Tu Setina quidem semper vel Massica ponis Turba gravis paci placidaeque ininiica quieti Tuscae glandis aper populator et ilice multa V. xliii XI. Ixxv X. iii VII. xxix viii.lxiii IX. vi Iv. Ixii IX. Ixii VIII. xliv XI. xi xii.lxxxviii VIII. Iii II. xvil x.lvl XII. vil VIII. Ivii XII. xxxiv XII. Ixxxvii VII. Ixxxi XI. ii viii.xli VI. Ixxix VI xvi IV. Ixix Sped, iv vii. xxvii U, V Vade salutatum pro me, liber : ire iuberis Vapulat adsidue veneti quadriga flagello . Vare, Paraetonias Latia mode vite per urbes . Varro, Sophocleo non infitiande cothurno Vatis Apollinei magno memorabilis ortu . Veientana mihi misces, ubi Massica potas Vendere, Tucca, potes es ctenis milibus emptos ? Venderete.^cultoscollcus um praeco facetus . Venduntcarmina (lallnecet Lupercus . Ventris onus misero, nee te pudet, exeipis auro Venturum iuras semper mihi, Lygde, roganti Verbera securi solitus leo ferre magistri Vernacnlorum dicta, sordidnm dentem Verona docti syllabas amat vatis . Versieulosin me narratvirscribere Cinna Versus et breve vividumque carmen . Versus scri here me parum soveros . Versus scribere posse te dlsertos Vexorat Europen fraterna per aequora taurus VibI Maxime, si vaeas havere . Vicinus mens est manuque tangi . Viderat .\usonium posito modo crine ministrum Vidissem modo forte cum sedentem Vidistisemel, Oppianc, tantnm. Vimine clusa levi niveae custodia coctae l.Ixx VI. xlvi X. xxvi V. xxx VII. xxii III. xlix xi.lxx I. Ixxxv XII xlvi I. xxx vii XI. ixxiii II. Ixxv X.iii I. Izi in. ix XII. Ixi I. XXXV VI. xiv Sped. xvi. b XI. cvi I. Ixxxvl IX. xxxvi V. xlix VIII. XXV II. Ixxxv 567 INDEX OF FIRST LINES Vlncentem roseos facieque comaque mlnistros Vindemiarum non ubi(|iie proventiis . Vir bonus et pauper linguaque et pectore verus Vir Celtiberis non tacende Ejentibus Vis commendari sine me cursurus in urbem . Vis fieri liber ? raentiris, M axime, non vis Vis futui gratis, cum sis deformis anusque Vis fiitui nee vis mecum, Saufeia, lavari . Vis te, Sexte, coli : volebani amare Vitam quaefaciant beatiorem Vite nocens rosa stabat moritiirus ad aras Vividacum poscas epigramniata, mortiia ponis Umida qua gelidassubmittit Trebula valles . Una est in nostris tua, Fidentine, libellis . Una nocte quater possum : sed quattuor annis Unctis falciferi senis diebus Uncto Corduba laetior Venafro .... Undecies una surrexti, Zoile, cena . Undenis pedibusque syllabisqiie .... Unguenta et casias et olentem fnnera myrrham Unguentum, fateor, bonum dedisti. Uuguentum fuerat, quod onyx modo parva gerebat Unice, cognato iunctum milii sanguine nomen Unus de toto peccaverat orbe coniarum . Unus saepe tibi tota denarius area Vota tui breviter si vis cognoscere Marci . Urtanus tibi, Caecili, videris Uri Tongilius male dicitur hemitritaeo Ut bene loquatur sentiatque Mamercus Ut faciam breviora mones epigramniata, Corde Ut nova dona tibi, Caesar, Nilotica tellus Ut patiar moeclium, rogat uxor, Galle, sed unum Ut poscas, C'lyte, munus exigasque . . Ut pueros enieret Labienus, vendidit liortos Ut recitem tibi nostra rogas epigrammata Utere femineis complexibus, utere, Victor Utere lactucis et mollibus utere malvis Vult, non vult dare Galla milii, nee dicere possum Uxor cum tibi sit formosa, pudica, puella Uxor cum tibi sit puella, qualem . Uxor, vade foras, aut nioribus utere nostris Uxorem armati futuis, puer Hylle, tribuni Uxorem, Charideme, tuam scis ipse sinisque Uxorem liabendam non putat Quirinalis . Uxorem nolo Telesinam ducere : quare ? . Uxorem quare locupletem ducere nolim . Nolo xn.lxiv ix.xcviii IV. V I. xlix III. v ii.liii vii.lxxv iii.lxxii II. Iv x.xlvii III. xxiv XI. \lii V.lxxi l.liii XI. xcvii XI. vi XII. Ixiii V. Ixxix X. ix XI. liv III. xii VII. xoiv XII. xliv II. Ixvi II. li I. Iv I. xli II. xl V. xxviii III. Ixxxiii VI. Ixxx III. xcii VIII. Ixiv XII. xxxiii I. Ixiii XI. Ixxviii III. Ixxxix III. xc IX. Ixvi XII. xcvii XI. civ II. Ix VI. xxxi I. Ixxxiv II. xlix VIII. xii Zoile, quid solium subluto podice perdis ?. . Zoile, quid tota gemmam praecingere libra . Zoilus aegrotat : faciunt banc stragula febrem II. xlii XI. xxxvii II. xvi Pbibtbd i» Grbat Britain by Richard Clay and Company, Ltd., BuNOAY, Suffolk THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED Latin Authors Ammianus Marcellinus. Translated by J. C. Rolfe. 3 Vols. (Vols. I. and II. 2nd Imp. revised.) Apuleius : The Golden Ass (Metamorphoses). W. Adling- ton(1566). Revised by S. Gaselee. {Ith Imp.) St. Augustine, Confessions of. W. Watts (1631). 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 6th Imp., Vol. II. Uh Imp.) St. Augustine, Select Letters. J. H. Baxter. AusoNius. H. G. Evelyn White. 2 Vols. (Vol. II. 2nd /mp.) Bede. J. E. King. 2 Vols. 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Philostratus: Imagines; Callistratus : Descriptions. A. Fairbanks. Philostratus and Eunapius : Lives of the Sophists. Wilmer Cave Wright. (2nd Imp.) e I PiNDAK. Sir J. E. Sandys. {1th Imp. revised.) Plato : Charmides, Alcibiades, Hippabchus, The Lovers, Theagks, Minos and Epinomis. W. R. M. Lamb. Plato : Cratylus, Pabmenides, Greater Hippias, Lesser HippiAS. H. N. Fowler. (9.nd Imp.) Plato : Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus. H. N. Fowler. (9th Imp.) Plato : Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemus. W. R. M. Lamb. (2nd Imp. revised.) Plato : Laws. Rev. R. G. Bury, 2 Vols. (2/id hnp.) Plato : Lysis, Symposium, Gorgias. W. R. M. Lamb, {ith Imp. revised.) Plato : Republic. Paul Shorey. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. \(h Imp., Vol. II. 3rd Imp.) Plato : Statesman, Philebus. H. N. Fowler ; Ion. W. R. M. Lamb. (3rd Imp.) Plato: Theaetetus and Sophist. H. N. Fowler. {Srd Imp.) Plato : Timaeus, Cbitias, Clitopho, Menexenus, Epistulae. Rev. R. G. Bviry. (2nd Imp.) Plutarch: Morall*.. 14 Vols. Vols. I.-V. F. C. Babbitt; Vol. VI. W. C. Helmbold ; Vol. X. H. N. Fowler. (Vols. I., HI., and X. 2nd Imp.) Plutarch : The Parallel Lives. B. Perrin. 11 Vols. (Vols. I., II., and VII. 3rd Imp., Vols. III., IV., VI., and VIII.- XI. 2nd Imp.) PoLYBius. W. R. Paton. 6 Vols. Procopius ! History of the Wars. H. B. Dewing. 7 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd hnp.) Ptolemy : Tetrabiblos. Cf. Manetho. Quintus Smyrnakus. A. S. Way. Verse trans. (2nd Imp.) Sextus Empiricus. Rev. R. G. Bury. 4 Vols. (Vol. III. 2nd Imp.) Sophocles. F. Storr. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 7th Imp., Vol. II. 5th Imp.) Verse trans. Strabo : Geography. Horace L. Jones. 8 Vols. (Vols. I. 3rd Imp., Vols. II., V., VI., and VIII. 2nd Imp.) Theophbastus : Characters. J. M. Edmonds; Herodes, etc. A. D. Knox. (2>id Imp.) Theophbastus : Enquiry into Plants. Sir Arthur Hort, Bart. 2 Vols. (2nd Imp.) Thucydides. C. F. Smith. 4 Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd Imp., Vols. n.. III. and IV. 2nd Imp. revised.) Teyphiodobus. Cf. Oppian. Xenophon : Cybopaedia. Walter Miller. 2 Vols. (Zrd Imp.) Xenophon : Hellknica, Anabasis, Apology, and Symposium. C. L. Brownson and O. J. Todd. 3 Vols. (Zrd Imp.) Xenophon : Memorabilia and Okconomicus. ■ E, C. Marchant. (2nd Imp.) Xenophon : Sobipta Minora. E. C. Marchant. (2nd Imp.) IN PREPARATION Greek Authors Aristotle : Dk Mundo, etc. D. Furley and E. M. Forster. Aristotle : History of Animals. A. L. Peck. Aristotle : Meteorologica. H. P. Lee. Plotinus. Latin Authors St. Auoustine : City of God. [Cicero] : Ad Herennium. H. Caplan. Cicero : Pro Sestio, In Vatinium, Pro Caelio, De Provinciis CoNSULARiBUs, Pro Balbo. J. H. Freese and R. Gardner. Phaedrus. Ben E. Perry. DESCRIPTIVE PROSPECTUS OIS APPLICATION London WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD Cambridge, Mass. - - HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS / Martial. PA 6501 Epigrams , . A2 K4- V.2
What pulse is located in the groove between the medial malleolus and Achilles tendon?
A specific landmark, notably a groove between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon, is described for the palpation of the posterior tibial pulse.
Where will the nurse palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse?
The dorsalis pedis pulse is palpable on the dorsum of the foot in the first intermetatarsal space just lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe. The posterior tibial pulse can be felt behind and below the medial malleolus.
In which position should the patient be placed in order to palpate the popliteal pulse?
Probably the best and most certain way to feel the popliteal pulse is to have the patient in the prone position. The whole length of the popliteal fossa can then be palpated with the tips of the fingers of both hands.