Answer
Hint: The biological interaction is the effect between the organisms living together in a community. The interactions can be beneficial or harmful to one another or an individual. These interactions can be between similar species or between different species. It can be short term or long lived.
Complete answer:
To solve this question, we must know about the types of interaction between the species living in a community.
The interaction between the species is known as symbiosis. This type of interaction is close and long lived. The relationship can be mutual. In this at least one organism is benefited. Some types of symbiotic relationship are:
Parasitism: It is the symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one organism called the parasite lives inside the other called the host. The parasite depends on the host for nutrition and shelter. It can be harmful as in case of virus or beneficial as in case of gut flora.
Commensalism: It is a type of interaction between the species in which one organism gets food from the other but does not benefit or harm the other.
Predation: It is the type of interaction where one organism kills or eats the other organism. The latter is known as prey.
Amensalism: It is the relationship between the organisms of different species where one organism is destroyed but the other organism remains unaffected.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C)
Note: Another example of symbiotic interaction is mutualism. In this type of interaction, both the organisms are benefited by the interaction. It results in the positive effect on the survival or reproducibility of the organism.
Organisms occupy what are called niches. A niche includes the physical space in which they live, how they use the resources that are in that space, and how they interact with other organisms in that space. The interaction among organisms within or between overlapping niches can be characterized into five types of relationships: competition, predation, commensalism, mutualism and parasitism. The last three subtypes are classically defined as relationships exhibiting symbiosis, but predation and competition can also be considered as forms of symbiosis. Symbiosis refers to a close relationship in which one or both organisms obtain a benefit.
Competition & Predation
Predation is when one organism eats another organism to obtain nutrients. The organism that is eaten is called the prey. Examples of predation are owls that eat mice, and lions that eat gazelles. Competition is when individuals or populations compete for the same resource, and can occur within or between species. When organisms compete for a resource (such as food or building materials) it is called consumptive or exploitative competition. When they compete for territory, it is called interference competition. When they compete for new territory by arriving there first, it is called preemptive competition. An example is lions and hyenas that compete for prey.
Commensalism
Commensalism is a relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. Examples are barnacles that grow on whales and other marine animals. The whale gains no benefit from the barnacle, but the barnacles gain mobility, which helps them evade predators, and are exposed to more diverse feeding opportunities. There are four basic types of commensal relationships. Chemical commensalism occurs when one bacteria produces a chemical that sustains another bacteria. Inquilinism is when one organism lives in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of another species. Metabiosis is commensalism in which one species is dependent on the other for survival. Phoresy is when one organism temporarily attaches to another organism for the purposes of transportation.
Parasitism
Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed, but not always killed. The organism that benefits is called the parasite, and the one that is harmed is the host. Parasitism is different from parasitoidism, which is when the host is always killed, such as when one organism lays its egg inside another organism that is later eaten by the hatchlings. Parasites can be ectoparasites -- such as ticks, fleas, and leeches -- that live on the surface of the host. Parasites can also be endoparasites -- such as intestinal worms – that live inside the host. Endoparasites can be further categorized into intercellular parasites, that live in the space between cells, or intracellular parasites, which live inside of cells. There is also something called hyperparasitism, which is when a parasite is infected by another parasite, such as a microorganism living in a flea, which lives on a dog. Lastly, a relationship called social parasitism is exemplified by an ant species that does not have worker ants, living among another ant species that do, by using the host species’ workers.
Mutualism
Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit. Mutualistic interaction patterns occur in three forms. Obligate mutualism is when one species cannot survive apart from the other. Diffusive mutualism is when one organism can live with more than one partner. Facultative mutualism is when one species can survive on its own under certain conditions. On top of these, mutualistic relationships have three general purposes. Trophic mutualism is exemplified in lichens, which consist of fungi and either algae or cyanobacteria. The fungi's partners provide sugar from photosynthesis and the fungi provide nutrients from digesting rock. Defensive mutualism is when one organism provides protection from predators while the other provides food or shelter: an example is ants and aphids. Dispersive mutualism is when one species receives food in return for transporting the pollen of the other organism, which occurs between bees and flowers.
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Writer Bio
David H. Nguyen holds a PhD and is a cancer biologist and science writer. His specialty is tumor biology. He also has a strong interest in the deep intersections between social injustice and cancer health disparities, which particularly affect ethnic minorities and enslaved peoples. He is author of the Kindle eBook "Tips of Surviving Graduate & Professional School."