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The 13th Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed?
immediately after the Civil War
The 14th Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?
citizenship rights
The provision of the 14th Amendment that prohibits any state from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" is know as the
equal protection
The 15th Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of
race
What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement?
the right to vote
In spite of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in the early twenty-first century still earn less than men, which led President Barack Obama to sign which of the following?
the Lilly Ledbetter Act
Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
discrimination in public accommodations
In the first civil rights movement, the abolitionist movement and the early women's movement were tied together. When did this movement take place?
in the early 1800s
What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott?
women's rights
What did Jim Crow laws mandate?
racial segregation
Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe the author as "the little women who started the big war" because of the effect the book had on changing public opinion?
Harriet Beecher Stowe's - "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama
Women were guaranteed the right to vote by
the 19th Amendment
What were Black Codes?
proposed racial quota affirmative action programs
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that
RACIAL QUOTAS were unconstitutional.
Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following?
Jim Crow laws
According to the "Take a Closer Look" feature box, which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists?
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
What is the current legal status of American Indian tribes?
They are sovereign nations
What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?
segregation of schools
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted
nonviolently
What provision of the 14th Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?
the equal protection clause
To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?
Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades
What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States?
It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans?
litigation
What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?
The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law
The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil liberties of
gays and lesbians
What were the Black Codes passed by many of the former Confederate states designed to do?
deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to newly freed slaves
What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?
Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?
It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?
racism
A law that classified people according to RACE
would be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?
Jim Crow laws
What was the main purpose for the March on Washington?
to urge Congress to adopt an anti-discrimination legislative agenda
If a group of people had been systematically discriminated against in the past, a government might adopt which of the following policies to help members of this group overcome the legacy of this discrimination?
a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?
installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair
According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans?
driver's licenses
For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstititutional violation of the equal protection clause?
having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
Of the following people, who could serve the military under the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?
closeted gays and lesbians
Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. have been most likely to support?
boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?
setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students
Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?
Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10% of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.
Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?
a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?
the 14th Amendment
If you were a poor, illiterate, white farmer, which of the following would help ensure your ability to vote in the South after the Civil War?
grandfather clauses
In the first major civil rights case addressed by the U.S. Supreme Court, Dred Scott v. Sandford, which of the following best describes the issues at state?
the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?
It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted
What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems
Which of the following accurately states how the Supreme Court clarified the scope of the 13th Amendment in The Slaughterhouse Cases in 1973?
Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and Asian Americans, are also covered by the amendment
Why did southern states enact poll taxes?
to get around the 15th Amendment
Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the 15th Amendment
How are the 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?
They both sought equal rights for African Americans
How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ?
It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard
What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?
Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal
Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?
Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race
In what type of cases has Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women achieve key victories?
sexual harassment, inclusion, and affirmative action
Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful?
The Supreme Court said that private citizens could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.
The 15TH Amendment
guarantees African Americans the right to vote
Brown v. Board of Education overturned the
SEPARATE-BUT=EQUAL doctrine
The AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT
was enacted in 1990 and is designed to protect the civil rights of disabled Americans
THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES
upheld the right of private individuals - but not government - to discriminate in the provision of public accommodations
The focus of the WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
was to establish women's right to vote
Jim Crow laws required SEGREGATION
of African Americans and whites
VOTERS
had to pay poll taxes
Rosa Park's refusal to give up her seat on a public bus was an act of CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE OR NONVIOLENT PROTEST
that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1964, Congress passed the CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
to help keep the promise of the 14th Amendment
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
programs are designed to help remedy continued inequality by giving special treatment to members of previously discriminated-against groups
In order to make it hard for poor blacks to vote without falling afoul of the 15th Amendment, many southern states required citizens to pay POLL TAXES
which disproportionately disenfranchised African Americans
Critics argue that the Supreme Court's decision in Korematsu v. United States infringed on the civil rights of
JAPANESE AMERICANS
The constitutionality of a law establishing a public elementary school open only to African American students from poor neighborhoods would be determined by the Supreme Court's application of the
STRICT SCUTINY (OR HEIGHTENED) standard of review
Because of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, an affirmative action program that uses racial QUOTAS
would likely be deemed unconstitutional
Because of the struggle by groups to achieve their civil rights, the 14TH AMENDMENT
has generated more litigation to determine and specify its meaning than any other provision of the Constitutution
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