Answer
Verified
Hint: Taxonomy is derived from Ancient Greek word where ‘taxis’ mean 'arrangement' and ‘nomia’ mean 'method'.
Complete answer: The science of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics is known as Taxonomy.
1. Organisms are grouped together into taxa and these groups are given a taxonomic rank
2. The groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic
hierarchy.
3. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species.
4. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy.
5. He developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
The classification in descending order is-
So, the correct answer is “Option B”.
Note: 1. The term "alpha taxonomy" is mainly used today to refer to the discipline of finding, describing, and naming taxa, particularly species.
2. William Bertram Turrill introduced the term "alpha taxonomy" in a series of papers in which he discussed the philosophy and possible
future directions of the discipline of taxonomy.
3. Ernst Mayr in 1968 defined "beta taxonomy" as the classification of ranks higher than species.
The scientific work of deciding how to define species has been called Micro taxonomy.
Macro taxonomy is the study of groups at the higher taxonomic rank, sub-genus.
Grade Level: Grade 9
Discipline: Biology, Classification and Naming Organisms, Genus, Species
Standards: NGSS: HS-LS1-2, HS-LS4-1, SL.11-12.5, WHST.9-12.7,
WHST.9-12.9
The three domains are Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The domain classifications are based on the type of cells that make up the organism. Prokaryotic cells are those that have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, do have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
This lab is designed to help you become familiar with scientific names and the classification scheme biologists use to understand organisms. This branch of biology that deals with classifying and naming organisms is called taxonomy.
Learn more by downloading the activity plan above.
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Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world. Using morphological, behavioural, genetic and biochemical observations, taxonomists identify, describe and arrange species into classifications, including those that are new to science. Taxonomy identifies and enumerates the components of biological diversity providing basic knowledge underpinning management
and implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Unfortunately, taxonomic knowledge is far from complete. In the past 250 years of research, taxonomists have named about 1.78 million species of animals, plants and micro-organisms, yet the total number of species is unknown and probably between 5 and 30 million. Click here for information on the biography and legacy of the
"father of taxonomy", Carl Linnaeus. What's in a Name?1 Different kinds of animals, fungi and plants and microorganisms are called different ‘species’. This reflects a real biological difference – a species is defined as a potentially interbreeding group of organisms that can produce viable offspring that themselves can interbreed. Thus animals of two different species, like a horse and a zebra, cannot interbreed, while animals of the
same species can. Taxonomists provide unique names for species, labels that can help us find out more about them, and enable us to be sure that we are all talking about the same thing. Of course, there are names for organisms in many languages, but it is important, for example, when discussing the hedgehog to know whether one is talking about the small spiny insectivore Erinaceus europaeus, other members of the same family, cacti of the genus Echinocerus, or the orange fungus Hydnum
repandum, all of which have the same ‘common’ name in English. For this reason the Latin ‘scientific’ name, is given as a unique universal identifier. How to Name a Species: the Taxonomic Process1 Taxonomists begin by sorting specimens to separate sets they believe represent species. Once the specimens are sorted the next job is to see whether or not they already have names. This may involve working through identification guides, reading descriptions written
perhaps 200 years ago, and borrowing named specimens from museums or herbaria to compare with the sample. Such comparison may involve external characters, need to dissect internal structures, or even molecular analysis of the DNA. If there is no match the specimens may represent a new species, not previously given a name. The taxonomist then has to write a description, including ways in which the new species can be distinguished from others, and make up a name for it, in a Latin format. The name
and the description must then be properly published so that other taxonomists can see what has been done, and be able to identify the species themselves. From finding the specimens to the name appearing in print can take several years. 1. Text taken from: Secretariat of Convention on Biological Diversity. 2007. Guide to the Global Taxonomy Initatiative, CBD Technical Series # 27