1._____ Defines the time of American historyprior to 17762._____ Ability to choose and follow one’sspiritual beliefs12. _____ Country that operated fur-tradingoutposts in areas northwest of theAppalachian mountains13. _____ Self-governing agreement reachedby the Pilgrims at Cape Cod in 1620
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3._____ Country that sent explorers to claimland south and west of the Mississippi River14. _____ Freedoms given to people as
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F.ExplorationG.FranceH.Fundamental Orders ofConnecticutI.Individual RightsJ.JamestownK.Magna CartaL.Mayflower CompactM.PlantationsN.Political CompetitionO.Religious FreedomP.Representative GovernmentQ.Self-GovernmentR.Slave TradeS.Social BenefitT.SpainU.House of Burgessesfor gold, ranching and farming4._____ First English colony settled in 1607for the purpose of economic reasons5._____ Large farming operations primarilylocated in the southern colonies6._____ Country that claimed most of theAtlantic coast of North America7._____ The king of England’s protection forindividual rights and approved taxation8._____ The act of seeking and claiming newlands for economic, political, and social gain9._____ Colonization for the purpose of wealthcreation10. _____ Operation that captured and soldpeople from their homeland to work oncolonial plantations11. _____ System of government based on thepublic election of lawmaking officialsindividuals not to be taken by government15. _____ Representative assembly establishedin the colony of Virginia16. _____ Power motive for colonization toclaim resources and land for a particularcountry17. _____ Government control by those whoare most immediately affected andinfluenced18. _____ Governing agreement between threetowns written in 1639 to protect individualrights19. _____ A motive for colonization thatestablishes a particular societal structure20. _____ Settling a new area for the purposeof religious freedom, economic gain, orpolitical power21. _____ Exchange of resources and goodsbetween Europe and North America after1492
5. The Southern Colonies
Map of DeSoto's 1539-43 exploration through the Southeast
Virginia was the first successful southern colony. While Puritan zeal was fueling New England's mercantile development, and Penn's Quaker experiment was turning the middle colonies into America's bread basket, the South was turning to cash crops. Geography and motive rendered the development of these colonies distinct from those that lay to the North.
Immediately to Virginia's north was Maryland. Begun as a Catholic experiment, the colony's economy would soon come to mirror that of Virginia, as tobacco became the most important crop. To the south lay the Carolinas, created after the English Civil War had been concluded. In the Deep South was Georgia, the last of the original thirteen colonies. Challenges from Spain and France led the king to desire a buffer zone between the cash crops of the Carolinas and foreign enemies. Georgia, a colony of debtors, would fulfill that need.
The Southern colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia.
English American Southerners would not enjoy the generally good health of their New England counterparts. Outbreaks of malaria and yellow fever kept life expectancies lower. Since the northern colonies attracted religious dissenters, they tended to migrate in families. Such family connections were less prevalent in the South.
The economy of growing cash crops would require a labor force that would be unknown north of Maryland. Slaves and indentured servants, although present in the North, were much more important to the South. They were the backbone of the Southern economy.
Settlers in the Southern colonies came to America to seek economic prosperity they could not find in Old England. The English countryside provided a grand existence of stately manors and high living. But rural England was full, and by law those great estates could only be passed on to the eldest son. America provided more space to realize a lifestyle the new arrivals could never dream to achieve in their native land.