Good presenters expose the audience to the complexity of an issue without trying to simplify it.Good presenters give audience members as much data as possible so they can make up their ownminds.Good presenters break down complexity into smaller pieces and show how they fit together.Good presenters realize that business audiences can process information better than other audiences.Good presenters understand that a large quantity of evidence will impress an audience.
27.At the end of a presentation, a slide that summarizes the key points can help the audience rememberthem.
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Which one of the following does not help manage communication apprehension?
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VisualizationPresenters should speak so that the person farthest away from them can clearly hear their words.
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Developing an entire presentation in PowerPoint or other presentation software is likely to put too muchfocus on slides.TrueFalse
Researchers think that the movement of arms and hands helps people make their thoughts moreconcrete.
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Which one of the following items is not an essential quality of effective slides?
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33.potentially serious sidemore important as authoritarian or command-and-control management recedes.
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34.Which one of the following items is an important form of nonverbal communication for speakers?Voice quality
HeightFacial expressionReputationTone of voice35.Which of the following is not an accurate statement about spoken arguments?
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Lead lines of any length help the audience remember the main point of a slide.
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37.Which one of the following items is not a form of immediacy behavior?
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38.Which one of the following items is a basic characteristic of your presenting voice?PitchSpeedAccentFluencySize of vocabulary
Which one of the following is generally not a good way to energize a presentation?
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40.Audiences usually do not have a negative reaction to a speaker who appears to be uncomfortable.
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WRITING --cards/1.Which one of the following items is seldom used for persuading business audiences?
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Which of these items is not a quality of good business writing?
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Writer, Regulatory Focus Theory
Speaking at an appropriate speed, pronouncing key terms correctly, accurate word stress and natural intonation patterns will help you deliver a clear presentation.
Speed of speaking
People often talk quickly when they are nervous, and this can be a problem in presentations. A comfortable speed of talking for listeners is approximately 150 – 160 words per minute.
Identify a section of your talk which is about 150 words long, and make sure it takes you at least a minute to deliver it. Practise several times until you can lower your speed naturally to an appropriate rate.
Pronouncing key terms
Common terms in your discipline are important to your audience’s understanding, and you are likely to say these words many times during your talk. Practise these to ensure you get them right.
Difficult elements might include word stress, consonant and vowel sounds, groups of consonants (consonant clusters) and word endings, which may contain many consonants in varying order.
For example:
- kstr in extraneous
- spt in clasped versus -pst in lapsed
Your first step is to listen to the key terms. You can ask another student who is confident of the pronunciation to say the term for you, or listen to it in an online dictionary.
Word stress
Listen to the word stress: where is the stressed syllable? Is it the third, as in ed.u.cat.ion or the second, as in sta.tis.ti.cal?
Consonant clusters
There are many possible combinations of consonants in English. Look for groups of consonants:
/st/ as in statistical
/ts/ as in outsource or more difficult clusters such as tst as in outstanding.
Try saying the group of consonants on its own “tst…tst…tst” then inside the word “outstanding”.
See if you can do this with the following words:
explain /kspl/
abstract /bstr/
transfer /nsf/
Chunking and pauses
Pausing in appropriate places between ‘chunks’ or groups of words makes it easier for listeners to follow what you are saying.
Where would you pause in the example below?
That is all I wanted to say so I would like to finish my presentation now and if you have any questions, I still have a few minutes to answer them.
Appropriate pauses could be as follows: (pauses are marked with /)
That is all / I wanted to say / so / I would like to finish my presentation now / and if you have any questions / I still have a few minutes to answer them.
Write out a small section of your talk, then insert marks for pauses. Practise chunking your speech into short sections with small pauses in between.
Intonation within ‘chunks’
The next step is to add the appropriate intonation to the small chunks in your talk. Every chunk, or phrase/clause will rise or fall in pitch.
If the information is not finished, the pitch will rise (↑). If it is finished, the pitch will fall (↓).
For example:
That is all (↑) / I wanted to say (↑)/ so (↑) / I would like to finish my presentation now (↓) / and if you have any questions (↑) / I still have a few minutes to answer them (↓).
Practising
While writing out sections of your talk can help you to practise your speed, pauses and intonation, reading aloud from a script during your presentation tends to alter these natural features of speech and makes it more difficult for listeners to understand you.
You are more likely to maintain natural patterns of intonation and pausing if you write notes for yourself using only key terms and ideas, and just ‘speak naturally’ to present your talk in full sentences.
Final tip
Small grammatical errors will be less important than natural sounding intonation patterns, chunking and pauses. So practise delivering your presentation from notes rather than reading from a script, and don’t worry too much about minor grammatical issues.
Explore all resources
- Online learning module
Presenting effectively
Strategies to plan, organise and present your oral presentations. Includes tips on language, visual aids and presentation style.
- Online learning module
Pronunciation of English
This module provides a resource to help you recognise your learning goals for pronunciation, and to practise clear pronunciation of English.
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