According to psychologists, motivation involves which of the following factors?

Motivation and Emotion for Learning Question 1:

The knowledge of learners' emotion is essential for teacher. One of its reasons is, teacher can

1. remove anxiety of the learners
2. control anger of the learners 
3. keep the learners quiet by threats of examination 
4. stop amusing behaviour.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : remove anxiety of the learners

Emotion is defined as a strong mental or instinctive feeling such as love or fear’ involving many bodily processes, and mental states.

Key Points

• A teacher needs to understand students' feelings because emotional problems in children usually display as behavioral concerns.
• Feelings of anger, fear, sadness, shame, guilt, and jealousy affect the learning process.
• Emotions are important for a learner's performance, personality development, and health. The teacher must know the emotions of the learner.
• By knowing the emotion of the learner, the teacher can remove the anxiety of the learners.

​Hence, we can conclude that by knowing the emotion of the learner, the teacher can remove the anxiety of the learners.

Motivation and Emotion for Learning Question 2:

Out of the following which one of the statements is wrong in the context of characteristics of sentiments?

1. Emotions are the basis of sentiments. 
2. Sentiments are innate.
3. Sentiments get older with the passage of time and they may even change their state.
4. Most of the animals do not have sentiments because they do not have intellectual comprehension.  

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Sentiments are innate.

Sentiments are closely related to beliefs. A sentiment denotes what we feel about the world. Sentiments are the product of experience and training. 

Key Points

According to McDougall, "Sentiment is a permanent conative tendency organized for something on the basis of experience." 

Characteristics of a Sentiment:​

•  The sentiment is an acquired disposition.
• The sentiment is an enduring affective-conative attitude and is a permanent part of our mental structure. 
• Emotions are the basis of sentiments. 
• Each sentiment is directed to some object or idea.
• A variety of emotions linked up with one object or idea constitute a particular sentiment. 
• Sentiments are complex involving many learned responses.
• Sentiments get older with the passage of time and they may even change their state.
• Most of the animals do not have sentiments because they do not have intellectual comprehension.  
•  A sentiment is essentially a directed disposition, as it is woven around some object, person, or idea.
• The sentiment is present at all times and is a permanent state of mental organization.
• Complexes at a certain level of development form into sentiments. When a complex acquires stability, it becomes a sentiment. 

Thus, it is concluded that sentiments are innate is wrong in the context of the characteristics of sentiments.

Motivation and Emotion for Learning Question 3:

The child's emotions are not characteristic

1. intensity of emotions
2. quickness of emotions
3. frequent manifestation of emotions
4. permanent nature of emotions

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : permanent nature of emotions

Emotions play an important role in every person’s life in their day-to-day situations. It is a way of acting toward the situations. 

• Child emotions may only for a few minutes and end all of a sudden.
• Children of the same age may react in different ways according to the situations they go through.
• According to age emotions modifies. Emotions may become strong and weak according to the situations they go through.

Key Points

Characteristics of Child emotions:-

• Child emotions are brief.
• The intensity of emotions.
• Child emotions are transitory in nature.
• Emotions of children appear frequently.
• The quickness of emotions.
• A frequent manifestation of emotions.
• The emotional response of a child is different.

Hence, it is concluded that the permanent nature of emotions is not the characteristic of a child's emotions but the intensity of emotions, quickness of emotions, and frequent manifestation of emotions are characteristic of emotions.

Motivation and Emotion for Learning Question 4:

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?

1. Entrepreneurial competence
2. Self-motivation
3. Empathy
4. Handing relationships

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Entrepreneurial competence

The correct answer is Entrepreneurial competence.

Key Points

• The capacity to understand, control, and recognize emotions is known as emotional intelligence.
• Many people equate intelligence with cognitive skills, such as the ones that go into calculating one's IQ.
• Among these is the capacity to:
  • apply reasoning to difficulties
  • learn new abilities employ a big vocabulary with ease
  • learn and remember facts
• One of the most well-known models of EI was developed by psychologist Daniel Goleman.
• Self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills are the five main subdomains that it divides into.

Motivation and Emotion for Learning Question 5:

Out of the following which characteristic is not prescribed by Gestalt's Psychologist for the learning process and insight?

1. Nature of learning is cognitive.
2. Learning process is mechanical.
3. Nature of learning is almost permanent.
4. Problematic situation is essential for insight.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Learning process is mechanical.

The correct answer is Learning process is mechanical.

Key Points

Gestalt Theory of Learning by Insight

• The Gestalt theory of learning also named Learning by Insight is the contribution of German psychologists who were studying the nature of perception.
• Gestalt Theory of Learning (Learning by Wholes) or Learning by Insight states that perceptual phenomena are only experienced as wholes or Gestalts i.e Nature of learning is almost permanent.
• Translation of Gestalt is „configuration‟ or more simply „an organized whole in contrast to a collection of parts‟. 
• Gestalt psychologists consider the process of learning as Gestalt – an organized whole or Nature of learning is cognitive.

Hence Learning process is mechanical is an incorrect statement.

Additional Information

• A thing cannot be understood by the study of its constituent parts but only by the study of it as a totality, is a basic idea behind this theory.
• Learning, according to Gestalt Theory, is not by random steps, not by trial and error, not by conditioning but by insight, introspection, and understanding.
• The Gestaltians tend to place far more emphasis on the intrinsic organizing capacity in the brain of the individual and emphasis on the dynamic interaction of the elements in the entire perceptual field.
• Gestalt theory of learning essentially consists of problem-solving by understanding the relative position of the elements in the entire perspective or situation.

Top Motivation and Emotion for Learning MCQ Objective Questions

Which of the following is example of Innate Motive ?

1. Award
2. Hunger
3. Punishment
4. Incentives

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Hunger

Motives are the focus on psychological and social (as well as environmental) factors and how they interact with each other to produce motivation. For example, the need for achievement, affiliation, power, curiosity and exploration, and self-actualization motives.

Key Points

Motives can be classified into -  Biological, Social and Personal Motives. 

Important Points

Intrinsic/Innate Motives	All organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive. This theory suggests that instincts drive all behaviors. Instincts are goal-directed and innate patterns of behavior that are not the result of learning or experience. Also known as innate motives. Example - Hunger, thirst, etc.
Extrinsic Motives	Extrinsic motivation involves completing a task or exhibiting a behavior because of outside causes such as avoiding punishment or receiving a reward. Extrinsic motives occur when an individual is driven by external influences. These can be either rewarding (money, good grades, fame, etc.) or punishing (threat of punishment, pain, etc.). or incentives.

Hence, here an example of innate motivation is hunger as it is a biological tendency not to result in any external reward.

Which of the following factors affect learning?

A. Motivation of the learner

B. Maturation of the learner

C. Teaching strategies 

D. Physical and emotional health of the learner

1. A, B and C
2. A, B C and D
3. A and D
4. A and C

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : A, B C and D

Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as a result of experience. It represents progressive changes in behaviour. It also involves the acquisition of knowledge, habits, and attitude. 

Key Points

Factors Affect Learning:
The main factors affecting learning are Motivation of the learner, Maturation of the learner, Teaching strategies, and Physical and emotional health of the learner.

• The Interest of the Student - The factor of interest is very closely related in nature to that of symbolic drive and reward.  A favourable mental attitude facilitates learning. 
• Teaching Strategies - The strategies or steps taken by the teacher to make the class environment interactive and that also engrave interest among students regarding the topic.
• Physical and Emotional Health of the Learner: Concentration needs emotional and mental poise and absence of mental conflict or complexity. Some children find it difficult to prepare for the examinations, simply because of fear of the examination and anxiety neurosis.
• Giving motivation to the learner can increase their interest in learning.
• Maturation of the learner affects learning because ​maturation is related to the structure and potential capacity. Maturation is the process by which we change, grow, and develop throughout life. 

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that all the given factors affect learning.

A student works hard to get first rank in his class. The type of motivation behind his hard work is :

1. Intrinsic motivation
2. Extrinsic motivation
3. Zero motivation
4. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Extrinsic motivation

Motivation refers to the process that guides an individual to achieve a goal. There are two main types of motivation which include extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

Key Points

Let's Understand in Brief:

	Extrinsic	Intrinsic
Definition	Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome and comes from outside of the individual.	Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest in the task itself and exists within the individual.
Arises/driven from	External sources	Internal sources
Motivators	Parents, teachers, and others	Self
Motivation	Reinforcements – punishments or reward	Values and enjoys in doing an activity

Confusion Points

• Extrinsic Motivation: A student is working hard to get the first rank in his class. 
• Intrinsic Motivation: A student is working hard because he enjoys doing hard work.

Hence, it could be concluded that in the above-mentioned situation, the type of motivation behind his hard work is Extrinsic Motivation.

Ashok, is very fond of playing cricket and he is very good at it too. He is the captain of his college team. He spends long hours playing or watching cricket and never gets tired or bored. Which personal factor is affecting the learning in this example?

1. Maturation
2. Motivation  
3. Self-concept
4. Levels of Aspiration

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Motivation  

Learning is a process by which the individual acquires various habits, knowledge, and attitude that are necessary to meet the demands of life in general. There are different factors that affect learning.

• These include learner-centered factors like motivation, needs, self-concept, interests, goals, level of aspiration, etc., teacher and task related factors such as teaching style, classroom ethos, transactional skills, and methodology, etc., and environmental factors such as the physical and psychological structures in which learning occurs.

Key Points​ Ashok is very fond of playing cricket and he is very good at it too. He is the captain of his college team. He spends long hours playing or watching cricket and never gets tired or bored. Motivation personal factor is affecting the learning in this example.

•  Ashok is intrinsically motivated i.e. he derives internal satisfaction from the game. Intrinsic motivation is closely related to one's need for self-fulfillment, and achievement.
• These needs impel us to become better by learning more, interacting with our environment, and developing ourselves.
• Learning is most effective when there is intrinsic motivation - a desire to learn from within, which finds satisfaction in the achievement itself and does not bother about other factors.

Thus, it is concluded motivation is the personal factor that affects learning in the given example.

Hint

• Maturation:-A one year old cannot be made to write and a three months old child cannot walk. Unless the learner has 'matured' optimally, he cannot learn. In order for learning to take place, physical, intellectual, socio-emotional maturation is most essential. Also, individual variations in the process of maturation should be acknowledged and appropriately dealt with.
• Self-concept:- Self-concept is very important in matters of learning because it influences individual differences in learners, in their, learning orientations, cognitive styles, and the self-learning strategies which they use.
• Level of aspiration:- This refers to the extent to which an individual wishes to strive to achieve. It emanates from the targets, goals and ambitions that individuals construct for themselves.

Motivation to learn can be sustained by-

1. focusing on mastery-oriented goals
2. giving very easy tasks to children
3. focusing on rote-memorisation
4. punishing the child

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : focusing on mastery-oriented goals

As teachers, we are deeply concerned about classroom learning. Your understanding of classroom motivation would enhance the probability of students' learning better.

Key Points

How to motivate students to learn-

• You have given the class an assignment to be completed within one period. You also discussed the topic and framework of the assignment. 
• The teacher manipulated the variable 'difficulty level' to increase the learner's motivation. The initial feeling of success (they got all the sums correct) did not continue to motivate the learner as her higher need was not being met. So, the teacher should always focusing on mastery-oriented goals. for children. 
• Affiliation motivation had hit rock bottom. As children grow, the need for peer affiliation becomes stronger.
• Creating a lot of opportunities for exploration for learners, so they can motivate each other and learn effectively.
• The healthy competition between students, motivated them to excel in their work. When they were separated and put into two different sections, the competition motivation became very low and their performance suffered.
• Project work on various topics can also motivate learners. The 'knowledge of results is a stronger motivator for learning than an offhand word of praise. 

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that motivation to learn can be sustained by focusing on mastery-oriented goals.

The desire of a person "to earn name and fame in life" is

1. Intrinsic motive
2. Extrinsic motive
3. Physiological motive
4. Psychological motive

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Intrinsic motive

Motive refers to something that motivates us to move, act, or prepare for action.

• It is an inner state that energizes, activates, or moves, which directs the behavior towards a goal.  For example, hunger motivates us to have food.
• Motives are generally classified into various categories and 'Intrinsic motive' is one of them. These are animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure. 

Key Points

The desire of a person "to earn name and fame in life" is an 'Intrinsic motive' as it refers to the behavior which focuses on:

• personal satisfaction and internal rewards.

• purposes to learn and improve to serve a cause.

• motivating individuals intrinsically to achieve goals.
• working for their own sake and inherent accomplishment.

Hence, it could be concluded that the desire of a person "to earn name and fame in life" is an 'Intrinsic motive'.

Additional Information

• Extrinsic motive: It refers to a behavior that is guided by earning rewards or avoiding punishment.
• Physiological motive: These are activated due to imbalance in the body and maintain a state of equilibrium.

Which of the following is not an innate motive?

1. Hunger
2. Sleep
3. Pain Avoidance
4. Achievement

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Achievement

Motives are the focus on psychological and social (as well as environmental) factors and how they interact with each other to produce motivation. For example, the need for achievement, affiliation, power, curiosity and exploration, and self-actualization motives.

 Key PointsMotives can be classified into -  Biological, Social and Personal Motives. 

 

Important Points 

Intrinsic/Innate Motives	All organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive. This theory suggests that instincts drive all behaviors. Instincts are goal-directed and innate patterns of behavior that are not the result of learning or experience. Also known as innate motives. Example - Hunger, sleep, pain avoidance, thirst, etc.
Extrinsic Motives	Extrinsic motivation involves completing a task or exhibiting a behavior because of outside causes such as avoiding punishment or receiving a reward. Extrinsic motives occur when an individual is driven by external influences. These can be either rewarding (money, good grades, fame, etc.) or punishing (threat of punishment, pain, etc.). or incentives.

Hence, we can conclude that achievement is a secondary motive.

The key to motivation in the Classroom is

1. the teacher’s personality
2. the emotional climate of the classroom
3. an interest inherent in the subject-matter
4. the suitability of the curricular experiences

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : an interest inherent in the subject-matter

Motivation is simply the reason for an action and that which gives purpose and direction to behaviour. It is a general term applied to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes, and similar forces. Motivation can be considered the state of having encouragement to do something.

Key Points

Motivation refers to the process that guides an individual to achieve a goal.

In the final analysis, the key to motivation in the classroom is the interest inherent in the subject matter as:

• Interest refers to a feeling that keeps learners involved and attentive while learning or doing a specific task.
• Subjects in which a learner is interested to reflect his motivation, attraction, and attentiveness in favour of that subject.
• If a learner is disinterested in learning a particular subject it shows that he/she has a feeling of demotivation against that subject.

Hence, it can be assumed that the key to motivation in the classroom is the interest inherent in the subject matter. 

Which one of the following is an emotion?

1. Amusement
2. Attention
3. Stimulus
4. Memory

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Amusement

Emotions or emotional approach is a psychological construct that involves the use of emotional processing and emotional expression in response to a different situation.

• Emotion is a mental state or a feeling such as amusement, hatred, happiness, anger, surprise, love, and fear which can be caused by the situation an individual is going through.

Key Points

• Amusement is an emotion as it is the state or feeling of experiencing something funny and entertaining.
• Emotions are experienced as positive feelings, negative feelings, undesired reactions to any stressful situation, these often impact decision making.
•  Emotions activate and direct behaviour in the same way biological and psychological motives do. Human beings are often more aware of our emotions than our underlying motives.
• Emotions can sometimes interfere with motivated behaviour. For example, an irritated child will not be able to focus on completing his homework.

• J. B. Watson considered as Father of behaviourism examined this belief and concluded that there are three basic emotional patterns that are found even in infants and therefore can be regarded that emotions are inherited.
• Watson identified fear, anger, and love as the three basic emotions.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that 'Amusement' is an emotion.

Students are likely to experience the emotion of _________ when they attribute internal factors to explain their success at a task.

1. shame
2. anger
3. pride
4. anxiety

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : pride

Emotion has been derived from the Latin term ‘emovere’ that means ‘stirred-up state'. Emotions are defined as “brief, acute changes in consciousness experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation”.

Key Points

• The process of attribution is an individual’s understanding of the reasons behind peoples’ behavior. Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior.
• An internal attribution is when an individual uses a personal reason as the cause for a situation or event instead of an external (or environmental) attribution. 
• For example, students are likely to experience the emotion of pride when they attribute internal factors to explain their success at a task.
• Pride is a feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements and is a self-conscious emotion that occurs as a result of the extent to which an individual is able to meet his/ her own expectations, the expectations of others, or social norms.

Thus, it is concluded that students are likely to experience the emotion of pride when they attribute internal factors to explain their success at a task.

What is motivation used to explain quizlet?

What is the concept of motivation used to explain?

What theory states that behavior is motivated by external goals?

Which of the following statement is not true about motivation?